The document discusses dynamic data structures in C including linked lists, stacks, queues, and dynamically linked lists. Linked lists store structures containing a data field and a pointer to the next structure. Stacks follow LIFO order using push and pop operations, while queues follow FIFO order using enqueue and dequeue operations. Dynamically linked lists allow inserting and deleting structures anywhere in the list using operations that update internal pointers. Memory for these dynamic structures is allocated using functions like malloc() and free(). Common errors involve failure to check for memory allocation errors or correctly update pointers when adding or removing structures.