This document provides an overview of key concepts related to information systems. It defines data, information, and knowledge, explaining how data is transformed into information and knowledge. It also defines what a system is and its typical components. Different types of information systems are described, including transaction processing systems, e-commerce systems, ERP systems, and decision support systems. The role of information systems in achieving competitive advantage is discussed. Different organizational structures and their impact on information systems are covered. The document also discusses topics like reengineering, outsourcing, downsizing, and performance-based information systems.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information systems for business professionals. It discusses why knowledge of IS is important, identifies five key areas of IS knowledge, and gives examples of how IS can support business processes, decision making, strategies and competitive advantage. It also discusses challenges managers may face with IS and provides career opportunities in the field.
Business Intelligence Industry Perspective Session IPrithwis Mukerjee
The document discusses business intelligence and the evolution from early manual management systems to modern performance management systems. It describes how businesses now require real-time analytics to optimize operations and gain competitive advantages. Modern business intelligence systems integrate data from various sources and use dashboards and reports to provide insights across different levels of the organization for improved decision making.
The document provides an overview of information systems and related concepts from a lecture by Dr. Akhlas Ahmed at Preston University. It defines key terms like data, information, information systems and computer-based information systems. It also discusses system concepts such as inputs, processes, outputs, feedback, and the role of modeling in representing systems. The characteristics of valuable information and how data is transformed into useful information are explained. The components of computer-based information systems like hardware, software, databases, networks and people are also outlined.
Management Information System
1) MIS is a software tool that provides processed information from data to help management make decisions. It provides reports, dashboards, and analyses on topics like market trends, sales, inventory, and stakeholder feedback.
2) There are different types of MIS like regular reports, decision support systems, and executive information systems. MIS has advantages like improved decision making, communication, and ability to adapt to customer needs.
3) Key issues for managers regarding IT include selecting technologies to meet business needs, facilitating adoption of new processes when technologies change work, and ensuring maximum benefit is extracted once implemented. Information systems are transforming businesses through increased digitalization and flexibility.
PIS Lecture notes principal of information systemsShukraShukra
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on principles of information systems. It includes the course schedule, learning objectives, and definitions of key concepts like data, information, knowledge, systems, and information systems. The lecture schedule outlines 14 classes covering topics such as strategic information systems, knowledge management, enterprise resource planning, and decision making. Definitions provided help distinguish between data, information, and knowledge. Information systems are described as sets of components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet objectives.
This document provides an overview of information systems and how they are used in business. It defines key terms like systems, information systems, and information technologies. It describes the main roles and types of operations support systems and management support systems. It also discusses how information systems can provide competitive advantages and strategies for businesses.
Information Systems in Global Business Today.pptxRoshni814224
The document discusses the role of information systems in business today. It describes how information systems are transforming business through emerging technologies like mobile platforms, big data, and cloud computing. Information systems help businesses achieve strategic objectives like operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage and survival. The growth of information technology investment from 32% to 52% of capital between 1980-2009 is also noted. Key topics covered include digital business processes, strategic uses of information systems, and how systems and business capabilities are interdependent.
Information Systems in Business Today.pptxRoshni814224
The document discusses different types of information systems including executive information systems, business information systems, and functional information systems. It provides details on executive information systems, marketing information systems, manufacturing information systems, and the benefits these systems provide to organizations.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information systems for business professionals. It discusses why knowledge of IS is important, identifies five key areas of IS knowledge, and gives examples of how IS can support business processes, decision making, strategies and competitive advantage. It also discusses challenges managers may face with IS and provides career opportunities in the field.
Business Intelligence Industry Perspective Session IPrithwis Mukerjee
The document discusses business intelligence and the evolution from early manual management systems to modern performance management systems. It describes how businesses now require real-time analytics to optimize operations and gain competitive advantages. Modern business intelligence systems integrate data from various sources and use dashboards and reports to provide insights across different levels of the organization for improved decision making.
The document provides an overview of information systems and related concepts from a lecture by Dr. Akhlas Ahmed at Preston University. It defines key terms like data, information, information systems and computer-based information systems. It also discusses system concepts such as inputs, processes, outputs, feedback, and the role of modeling in representing systems. The characteristics of valuable information and how data is transformed into useful information are explained. The components of computer-based information systems like hardware, software, databases, networks and people are also outlined.
Management Information System
1) MIS is a software tool that provides processed information from data to help management make decisions. It provides reports, dashboards, and analyses on topics like market trends, sales, inventory, and stakeholder feedback.
2) There are different types of MIS like regular reports, decision support systems, and executive information systems. MIS has advantages like improved decision making, communication, and ability to adapt to customer needs.
3) Key issues for managers regarding IT include selecting technologies to meet business needs, facilitating adoption of new processes when technologies change work, and ensuring maximum benefit is extracted once implemented. Information systems are transforming businesses through increased digitalization and flexibility.
PIS Lecture notes principal of information systemsShukraShukra
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on principles of information systems. It includes the course schedule, learning objectives, and definitions of key concepts like data, information, knowledge, systems, and information systems. The lecture schedule outlines 14 classes covering topics such as strategic information systems, knowledge management, enterprise resource planning, and decision making. Definitions provided help distinguish between data, information, and knowledge. Information systems are described as sets of components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet objectives.
This document provides an overview of information systems and how they are used in business. It defines key terms like systems, information systems, and information technologies. It describes the main roles and types of operations support systems and management support systems. It also discusses how information systems can provide competitive advantages and strategies for businesses.
Information Systems in Global Business Today.pptxRoshni814224
The document discusses the role of information systems in business today. It describes how information systems are transforming business through emerging technologies like mobile platforms, big data, and cloud computing. Information systems help businesses achieve strategic objectives like operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage and survival. The growth of information technology investment from 32% to 52% of capital between 1980-2009 is also noted. Key topics covered include digital business processes, strategic uses of information systems, and how systems and business capabilities are interdependent.
Information Systems in Business Today.pptxRoshni814224
The document discusses different types of information systems including executive information systems, business information systems, and functional information systems. It provides details on executive information systems, marketing information systems, manufacturing information systems, and the benefits these systems provide to organizations.
This document provides an overview of building an information system. It discusses the various phases of developing an information system including initiation, development, implementation, operation and maintenance. It also covers strategic approaches like operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, decision making, and competitive advantage. Key participants in system development are identified as stakeholders, users, managers, and specialists. The importance of information system planning and aligning goals with corporate objectives is also emphasized.
An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute data to support decision making and control within an organization. It provides automated and digital tools that allow businesses to conduct operations more efficiently and make strategic decisions using data-driven insights. There are different types of information systems that support various levels of an organization, from operational transaction processing to executive-level analysis and decision making.
The document provides an overview of information systems and their role in business. It discusses how information systems help businesses expand and compete by improving efficiency and facilitating decision making. It defines an information system as a combination of people, hardware, software, networks, and data resources that stores, retrieves, transforms and disseminates information in an organization. It also discusses the different types of information systems like operations support systems and management support systems and how they support business functions and decision making.
This document outlines key principles and learning objectives related to information systems in organizations. It discusses how data and information are used to help decision makers achieve organizational goals, and how information systems can provide benefits and competitive advantages. It also summarizes the major components and types of information systems, as well as the systems development process.
The document discusses how IT can be used strategically to gain competitive advantages. It identifies different competitive strategies like cost leadership, differentiation, innovation and alliance. IT can help implement these strategies by improving business processes, enabling customer focus, building capabilities and leveraging investments. The document also discusses strategic uses of IT like reengineering business processes, becoming an agile and virtual company, and creating knowledge management systems.
This document discusses various types of information systems. It begins by defining data and information, with data being raw facts and information being organized data that provides additional value. It then covers transaction processing systems, management information systems, executive information systems, and the differences between TPS and MIS. The document also discusses information system infrastructure and architecture, including client/server, enterprise-wide, and internet-based architectures. It provides characteristics and examples of different information systems.
The document discusses e-business applications and information systems. It defines an information system as any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization. It also discusses types of information technologies including computer hardware, software, telecommunications networks, and data resource management technologies. The document then defines e-business as the use of internet technologies to empower business processes, electronic commerce, and enterprise collaboration within and between organizations. It provides definitions and concepts regarding electronic commerce organizations and where electronic commerce is conducted.
Management Information System - MIS - ApplicationFaHaD .H. NooR
This document discusses management information systems and their applications. It defines information systems as sets of components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making. It also distinguishes data from information, describing how information systems convert raw data into meaningful information through input, processing, and output activities. The document then outlines six strategic business objectives that companies pursue through investments in information systems: operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. Finally, it describes different types of systems - transaction processing, management information, decision support, and executive support - that serve various management levels in organizations.
The document discusses how the changing business environment is driving organizational changes and the role of information systems. Key business drivers include globalization, competition, time-based competition, and technological innovation. Organizations are responding through business process reengineering, continuous improvement efforts, empowering employees, and becoming more customer-focused. The role of information systems is widening from basic data processing to management control, decision support, and treating information as a strategic resource. Contemporary approaches to information systems consider both technical and behavioral elements.
Information systems are combinations of hardware, software, and networks that organizations use to collect, create, and distribute useful data. They help process and manage data, monitor performance, and support decision making. Information systems are central to virtually every organization and provide users with resources like Wi-Fi networks, database search services, and printers. They consist of hardware, software, data, knowledge, and telecommunications components. Data analytics uses specialized software to explore large volumes of data and provide insights to help organizations grow customer bases, improve efficiency, and detect fraud. Common types of information systems include transaction processing, office automation, decision support, and executive information systems.
An information system is any organized combination of people, hardware, software, networks, and policies that collects, manages and disseminates information to support business processes and decision making. There are different types of information systems that support various levels and functions within an organization, including transaction processing systems, knowledge work systems, office automation systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. Businesses invest in information systems to achieve objectives like operational excellence, new products and services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and organizational survival.
Business intelligence (BI) is the process of gathering, storing, and analyzing data to help organizations make better business decisions. BI technologies convert data into useful information, information into knowledge, and knowledge into plans to guide an organization. BI provides a single point of access to timely information and insights to support decision making across all departments. It helps analyze changing trends in areas like market share, customer behavior, and competitor actions to guide strategic adjustments. Effective BI requires defining relevant data sources, extracting and transforming data, loading it into a data warehouse, analyzing it, and presenting insights through dashboards, reports, and alerts.
The document discusses learning objectives and foundational concepts for an introductory information systems course, including defining what a system and information system are, explaining why information systems are important for business, and providing examples of how businesses use information systems.
Introduction to management information systemOnline
The document provides an overview of management information systems and discusses key concepts. It introduces the objectives of studying information systems which include distinguishing data from information and identifying the basic types of business information systems. The document also outlines the lecture which covers information concepts, a business perspective on information, characteristics of valuable information, systems performance standards, manual versus computerized systems, and the positive and negative impacts of information systems.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to customer relationship management (CRM) including data capture, analysis, and strategic decision making. It also discusses how CRM can help with up-selling and cross-selling products. Additional topics covered include business intelligence (BI), e-marketing, and e-advertising. Specifically, it defines BI as providing the right data at the right time to facilitate decision making, and defines e-marketing as utilizing electronic technologies like the internet for marketing strategy.
Management Information Systems focuses on how information systems are transforming business today. Businesses invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic objectives: operational excellence, new products/services, customer/supplier intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. Achieving these objectives requires complementary investments in organizational and managerial assets alongside technology. An information system is defined as a set of components that collect, process, store and distribute information to support decision making across organizational levels and business functions.
Information Governance: Reducing Costs and Increasing Customer SatisfactionCapgemini
The document discusses best practices for information governance, including how it can help organizations reduce costs and increase customer satisfaction. It provides an overview of SAP and Capgemini's information governance best practices and addresses common questions clients have around data issues. Information governance is important because data is a key organizational asset, and governance helps ensure consistent, accurate data is available for reporting and decision making. Lack of governance can lead to issues like multiple versions of the truth and inefficient processes. The benefits of effective information governance include reduced costs through improved data management, better decisions from leveraging high-quality data, and increased customer satisfaction.
This document provides an overview of information systems and their components. It discusses why businesses use information systems, the characteristics and types of systems, and the key components of an information system including hardware, software, data, networks, and people. It also covers different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management support systems, and operational versus strategic systems.
This document discusses Rosenbluth International, a global travel agency that implemented two strategies to respond to changes in its industry: withdrawing from leisure travel and implementing web-based travel technology. It developed several innovative web applications and a networked infrastructure to better serve customers globally. The document emphasizes that large investments in web-based IT are important for gaining competitive advantages like superior customer service in a globally competitive environment.
This document outlines the tasks and objectives for a student assignment on developing an education coaching system delivered through kiosk machines. The assignment involves 4 tasks: 1) Surveying existing kiosk types and designs; 2) Proposing an education coaching system with target users and organizational structure; 3) Designing a user interface prototype; and 4) Interviewing potential users about the prototype design. The overall goal is to deliver an information system for education via kiosk machines. Upon completing the tasks, students should be able to conclude how well their proposed system meets the assignment objectives and discuss challenges, lessons learned, and how the knowledge could be applied to future projects.
This document provides an overview of building an information system. It discusses the various phases of developing an information system including initiation, development, implementation, operation and maintenance. It also covers strategic approaches like operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, decision making, and competitive advantage. Key participants in system development are identified as stakeholders, users, managers, and specialists. The importance of information system planning and aligning goals with corporate objectives is also emphasized.
An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute data to support decision making and control within an organization. It provides automated and digital tools that allow businesses to conduct operations more efficiently and make strategic decisions using data-driven insights. There are different types of information systems that support various levels of an organization, from operational transaction processing to executive-level analysis and decision making.
The document provides an overview of information systems and their role in business. It discusses how information systems help businesses expand and compete by improving efficiency and facilitating decision making. It defines an information system as a combination of people, hardware, software, networks, and data resources that stores, retrieves, transforms and disseminates information in an organization. It also discusses the different types of information systems like operations support systems and management support systems and how they support business functions and decision making.
This document outlines key principles and learning objectives related to information systems in organizations. It discusses how data and information are used to help decision makers achieve organizational goals, and how information systems can provide benefits and competitive advantages. It also summarizes the major components and types of information systems, as well as the systems development process.
The document discusses how IT can be used strategically to gain competitive advantages. It identifies different competitive strategies like cost leadership, differentiation, innovation and alliance. IT can help implement these strategies by improving business processes, enabling customer focus, building capabilities and leveraging investments. The document also discusses strategic uses of IT like reengineering business processes, becoming an agile and virtual company, and creating knowledge management systems.
This document discusses various types of information systems. It begins by defining data and information, with data being raw facts and information being organized data that provides additional value. It then covers transaction processing systems, management information systems, executive information systems, and the differences between TPS and MIS. The document also discusses information system infrastructure and architecture, including client/server, enterprise-wide, and internet-based architectures. It provides characteristics and examples of different information systems.
The document discusses e-business applications and information systems. It defines an information system as any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization. It also discusses types of information technologies including computer hardware, software, telecommunications networks, and data resource management technologies. The document then defines e-business as the use of internet technologies to empower business processes, electronic commerce, and enterprise collaboration within and between organizations. It provides definitions and concepts regarding electronic commerce organizations and where electronic commerce is conducted.
Management Information System - MIS - ApplicationFaHaD .H. NooR
This document discusses management information systems and their applications. It defines information systems as sets of components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making. It also distinguishes data from information, describing how information systems convert raw data into meaningful information through input, processing, and output activities. The document then outlines six strategic business objectives that companies pursue through investments in information systems: operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. Finally, it describes different types of systems - transaction processing, management information, decision support, and executive support - that serve various management levels in organizations.
The document discusses how the changing business environment is driving organizational changes and the role of information systems. Key business drivers include globalization, competition, time-based competition, and technological innovation. Organizations are responding through business process reengineering, continuous improvement efforts, empowering employees, and becoming more customer-focused. The role of information systems is widening from basic data processing to management control, decision support, and treating information as a strategic resource. Contemporary approaches to information systems consider both technical and behavioral elements.
Information systems are combinations of hardware, software, and networks that organizations use to collect, create, and distribute useful data. They help process and manage data, monitor performance, and support decision making. Information systems are central to virtually every organization and provide users with resources like Wi-Fi networks, database search services, and printers. They consist of hardware, software, data, knowledge, and telecommunications components. Data analytics uses specialized software to explore large volumes of data and provide insights to help organizations grow customer bases, improve efficiency, and detect fraud. Common types of information systems include transaction processing, office automation, decision support, and executive information systems.
An information system is any organized combination of people, hardware, software, networks, and policies that collects, manages and disseminates information to support business processes and decision making. There are different types of information systems that support various levels and functions within an organization, including transaction processing systems, knowledge work systems, office automation systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. Businesses invest in information systems to achieve objectives like operational excellence, new products and services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and organizational survival.
Business intelligence (BI) is the process of gathering, storing, and analyzing data to help organizations make better business decisions. BI technologies convert data into useful information, information into knowledge, and knowledge into plans to guide an organization. BI provides a single point of access to timely information and insights to support decision making across all departments. It helps analyze changing trends in areas like market share, customer behavior, and competitor actions to guide strategic adjustments. Effective BI requires defining relevant data sources, extracting and transforming data, loading it into a data warehouse, analyzing it, and presenting insights through dashboards, reports, and alerts.
The document discusses learning objectives and foundational concepts for an introductory information systems course, including defining what a system and information system are, explaining why information systems are important for business, and providing examples of how businesses use information systems.
Introduction to management information systemOnline
The document provides an overview of management information systems and discusses key concepts. It introduces the objectives of studying information systems which include distinguishing data from information and identifying the basic types of business information systems. The document also outlines the lecture which covers information concepts, a business perspective on information, characteristics of valuable information, systems performance standards, manual versus computerized systems, and the positive and negative impacts of information systems.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to customer relationship management (CRM) including data capture, analysis, and strategic decision making. It also discusses how CRM can help with up-selling and cross-selling products. Additional topics covered include business intelligence (BI), e-marketing, and e-advertising. Specifically, it defines BI as providing the right data at the right time to facilitate decision making, and defines e-marketing as utilizing electronic technologies like the internet for marketing strategy.
Management Information Systems focuses on how information systems are transforming business today. Businesses invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic objectives: operational excellence, new products/services, customer/supplier intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. Achieving these objectives requires complementary investments in organizational and managerial assets alongside technology. An information system is defined as a set of components that collect, process, store and distribute information to support decision making across organizational levels and business functions.
Information Governance: Reducing Costs and Increasing Customer SatisfactionCapgemini
The document discusses best practices for information governance, including how it can help organizations reduce costs and increase customer satisfaction. It provides an overview of SAP and Capgemini's information governance best practices and addresses common questions clients have around data issues. Information governance is important because data is a key organizational asset, and governance helps ensure consistent, accurate data is available for reporting and decision making. Lack of governance can lead to issues like multiple versions of the truth and inefficient processes. The benefits of effective information governance include reduced costs through improved data management, better decisions from leveraging high-quality data, and increased customer satisfaction.
This document provides an overview of information systems and their components. It discusses why businesses use information systems, the characteristics and types of systems, and the key components of an information system including hardware, software, data, networks, and people. It also covers different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management support systems, and operational versus strategic systems.
This document discusses Rosenbluth International, a global travel agency that implemented two strategies to respond to changes in its industry: withdrawing from leisure travel and implementing web-based travel technology. It developed several innovative web applications and a networked infrastructure to better serve customers globally. The document emphasizes that large investments in web-based IT are important for gaining competitive advantages like superior customer service in a globally competitive environment.
This document outlines the tasks and objectives for a student assignment on developing an education coaching system delivered through kiosk machines. The assignment involves 4 tasks: 1) Surveying existing kiosk types and designs; 2) Proposing an education coaching system with target users and organizational structure; 3) Designing a user interface prototype; and 4) Interviewing potential users about the prototype design. The overall goal is to deliver an information system for education via kiosk machines. Upon completing the tasks, students should be able to conclude how well their proposed system meets the assignment objectives and discuss challenges, lessons learned, and how the knowledge could be applied to future projects.
Here are some potential MIS solutions for the scenarios provided:
For the late orders issue, develop a tracking system to monitor order fulfillment from receipt to delivery. Set targets and alerts to address delays.
For the overwhelmed customer service team, implement an AI chatbot to handle common inquiries and complaints automatically via email/website. Route only complex issues to human agents to improve efficiency.
For long phone wait times, deploy an interactive voice response system with a virtual assistant to answer basic questions without needing an agent. Collect customer data to identify service gaps.
For budget planning, create a forecasting model to analyze past income trends and external factors to generate predictive revenue estimates for the coming year. Incorporate sensitivity analysis to plan for various
The document discusses Malaysia's experience with universal service provision (USP) in communications. It provides an overview of Malaysia's transition to a converged regulatory framework under the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. This included replacing sector-specific regulators and laws with a single convergence regulator and law. The framework aims to promote universal access through a USP Fund financed by licensee contributions and used to compensate providers for net USP costs. Licensed facilities, network, applications and content providers operate under a service-neutral licensing system promoting infrastructure sharing.
The document provides an overview of intellectual property and MyIPO's outreach and support activities for small and medium enterprises in Malaysia. It discusses [1] the IP chain of activities including creation, innovation, commercialization, protection and enforcement; [2] the different types of intellectual property including copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial designs, and geographical indications; and [3] MyIPO's programs to raise IP awareness and support SMEs through seminars, outreach activities, and curriculum development in universities.
The document discusses developing a conceptual framework for cyber terrorism using a mixed methods research approach. It proposes combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies to discover a theory for cyber terrorism and verify the framework. Specifically, it recommends using a grounded theory method involving constant data collection, comparison, and analysis to generate the framework, followed by quantitative testing and validation. The document provides details on the knowledge management architecture and multi-step research methodology involving initiation, data selection, collection, analysis, and conclusion to systematically develop and conclude the cyber terrorism theory.
This document provides an overview and outline of topics related to open source licensing. It begins with basic intellectual property law concepts including copyright, patent, and trademark law. It then discusses software basics like source code and object code. The document outlines the history and philosophy of open source software and the Open Source Definition. It analyzes general types of open source licenses and risks/benefits of open source. The document concludes with examining the open source idea in other contexts.
The document discusses various construction project delivery methods. It begins with an introduction and overview of common issues in construction projects. It then examines the Design-Bid-Build, Design-Build, Public-Private Partnerships, and Integrated Project Delivery methods. For each method, it outlines the parties involved, allocation of responsibilities and risks, impacts to schedule and cost, and potential causes of conflict. It concludes by stating that the best delivery method depends on the project needs and risks the owner is willing to undertake.
Rosenbluth International responded to challenges in the travel agency industry with two strategies: withdrawing from leisure travel and implementing web-based travel technology solutions like DACODA and customer-focused systems. These systems provided competitive advantages like reduced costs and improved customer service globally. Successfully implementing strategic information systems requires justifying benefits, managing risks, identifying appropriate systems, and sustaining competitive advantages over time despite increased competition.
This document provides an overview of hacking and hacktivism in Malaysia. It discusses the history of hacking, purposes of hacking, effects of hacking, examples of political hacking in Malaysia, cyber laws implemented in Malaysia to address hacking, and concludes with thanking the audience.
This document provides an overview and status update on data protection legislation in India. It discusses the existing legal framework, the growth of investment in India's IT sector which handles personal data, and the need for data protection laws. Several attempts have been made to pass such legislation, including drafting a separate law or amending the existing Information Technology Act. The most recent recommendations proposed amendments to the IT Act by an expert committee, but no legislation has been enacted yet. The document concludes that comprehensive data protection legislation is still needed in India to provide adequate protection for personal data.
Project cost management includes planning, estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs to complete a project within budget. Cost estimating develops cost approximations for project activities using techniques like analogous, bottom-up, and parametric estimating. Cost budgeting aggregates activity cost estimates and establishes a cost baseline. Cost control influences factors creating cost variances and controls changes to the budget.
Project cost management includes planning, estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs to complete a project within budget. Cost estimating develops cost approximations for project activities using techniques like analogous, bottom-up, and parametric estimating. Cost budgeting aggregates activity cost estimates and establishes a cost baseline. Cost control influences factors creating cost variances and controls changes to the budget.
Chapter 2 Types of Law applicable in Malaysia.pptxsheryl90
The document discusses several types of laws applicable in Malaysia, including cyber laws. The key sources of law are the Federal Constitution, State Constitutions, English law, and Islamic law. Written laws include legislation and subsidiary legislation. Cyber laws regulate areas like intellectual property, privacy, and copyright in the digital environment. Specific laws mentioned are the Communication and Multimedia Act 1998, Computer Crime Act 1997, Copyright Act 1987, Digital Signature Act 1997, and Telemedicine Act 1997. These laws govern issues like cybercrimes, digital signatures, telemedicine practice, and copyright in the online context.
The document provides an overview of intellectual property and MyIPO's outreach and support activities for small and medium enterprises in Malaysia. It discusses [1] the IP chain of activities including creation, innovation, commercialization, protection and enforcement; [2] the different types of intellectual property including copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial designs, and geographical indications; and [3] MyIPO's programs to raise IP awareness and support SMEs through seminars, outreach activities, and curriculum development in universities.
This document is an introduction to a course on computing systems. The course will cover how computers work from the most basic level of bits and logic gates up through programming languages like C. It will discuss how computers are organized internally and designed, how design affects programming and applications, and the relationships between hardware and software. The course will examine the different levels of abstraction that computers operate on, from electronic devices to machine architecture to high-level programming. It will look at representation of information, basic logic gates, the von Neumann model of computation, assembly language programming, and the C programming language.
This document defines and describes various types of information systems:
- Transaction processing systems process routine business transactions like orders and payments.
- Management information systems provide reports to help managers monitor performance and make decisions.
- Decision support systems analyze large amounts of data to help with non-routine decisions.
- Executive support systems tailor information and analysis for senior executives to address strategic issues.
An information system is a set of components that collect, store, manipulate, and disseminate data to provide information and feedback. It includes people, hardware, software, networks, and data. Data are raw facts while information is organized data that has additional meaning. Information systems process data into information through tasks like calculating, sorting, and summarizing. They output information to users through displays, paper, or audio and store data in organized files and databases. The value of information depends on how it helps decision makers achieve organizational goals. Information systems support different management levels and functions through transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems.
This chapter discusses how information systems impact organizations and how they can provide competitive advantage. It covers key topics such as how IT influences transaction costs and agency costs, allowing organizations to contract or grow. Porter's competitive forces model and the value chain model are presented as ways for businesses to use IS for competitive advantage through strategies like low-cost leadership and customer intimacy. Organizational features like culture, politics, and resistance to change are also discussed as factors that mediate the relationship between organizations and information systems.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
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ch01_02.ppt
1. 1
C H A P T E R
Introduction
to
Information
Systems
2. Mass Customization…
Revisited
• Building Impenetrable Customer
Loyalty
• "A company that aspires to give customers exactly
what they want must look at the world through new
lenses. It must use technology to become two
things: a mass customizer that efficiently provides
individually customized goods and services, and a
one-to-one marketer that elicits information from its
customer about his or her specific needs and
preferences."
B. Joseph Pine, II, Strategic Horizons
3. What is Data?
Raw Material
Numbers and strings of letters with
no precise context or meaning
4. What is Information?
Data processed with knowledge
“Data endowed with relevance and
purpose”
“Data becomes information when its
creator adds meaning”
“An organized, meaningful, and
useful interpretation of data”
5. What is Knowledge?
“A body of guidelines and rules used to
select, organize, and manipulate data to
make it suitable for a given task”
“An awareness and understanding of a set
of information and how that information
can be put to its best use”
“Internalized information + the ability to
utilize this information”
6. Data transformed into
Information
Information
Knowledge
Data Raw facts
A collection of facts organized in
such a way that they have
additional value beyond the
value of facts themselves.
Guidelines and procedures used to
select, organize, and manipulate data
to make it suitable for a specific task.
Process
7. Data becomes Information
Establishing
relationships
between data
creates
information.
Information = Data + Relationships
9. Does Perfect Information
Lead to Perfect Decisions?
IBM
Among the first to learn that PCs were
revolutionizing the computer industry.
Wal-Mart
“We got big by replacing inventory with
information”
Wal-Mart CIO
10. Determining the Value of
Information
Measurements
Time saved, lower costs
More accurate forecasts
Improved service
Often difficult to quantify
Payback period?
11. What is a System?
Components that work together to
achieve a goal by accepting input,
processing it, and producing output
in an organized manner.
e.g. a sound system
12. Components of a System
INPUTS
Gathering and
capturing raw data
PROCESSING
Converting or
transforming data
into useful outputs
OUTPUTS
Producing useful
information, usually in
the form of documents.
Feedback
Output that is used to
make changes to input
or processing activities
14. Open vs. Closed Systems
Closed System
Stands alone
No connection to other systems
Open System
Interfaces and interacts with other
systems
Gets information from and provides
information to other systems
15. System Performance
Efficiency
A measure of what is produced divided
by what is consumed.
Effectiveness
A measure of what is achieved divided
by the stated goal.
17. System Variables and
Parameters
System Variable
A quantity or item that can be controlled by
the decision maker (controllable).
• e.g. selling price
System Parameter
A value or quantity that cannot be controlled
by the decision maker.
• e.g. raw material costs
18. So, What is an Information
System?
Information System: Components that
work together to process data and
produce information (to help
companies solve problems and make
decisions).
Information: An
organized, meaningful,
and useful interpretation
of data
System: Components that work
together to achieve a goal by
accepting input, processing it,
and producing output in an
organized manner
19. The Components of a CBIS
1) Hardware
2) Software
Operating systems
Applications
3) Databases
4) Telecommunications/Networks
5) People
6) Procedures
20. Types of Business
Information Systems
Transaction Processing
E-Commerce
Workflow
Enterprise Resource Planning
Management Information
Decision Support
Artificial Intelligence/Expert
22. Transaction Processing
Transaction processing system (TPS)
The application of information
technology to routine, repetitive, and
usually ordinary business transactions
24. E-Commerce
E-Commerce
Any business transaction executed
electronically between parties involving
the exchange of goods and/or services
• B2B, B2C
Workflow
Rule-based
25. E-Commerce
Lowering Barriers to Entry
Traditionally
• Sales force
• Advertising & promotion
• Factories, warehouses, retail stores
Competing electronically
• Increases the threat of new companies
26. Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP)
Integrated programs that can
manage a company’s entire set of
business operations
Often coordinate planning, inventory
control, production and ordering
27. Management Information
System (MIS)
Management Information System
Used to provide routine information to
help managers plan, control, and make
decisions
Characteristics
Focus on operational efficiency
Supports functional areas
Common database
Standard reports…
29. Decision Support Systems
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Used to support decision making (e.g.
where to build, how much to order)
Characteristics
Suggests and compares alternatives
Problem is complex
Information is voluminous
30. Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A field that involves computer systems taking
on the characteristics of human intelligence
• Robotics
• Natural language processing
• Learning systems
• Neural networks (patterns & trends)
31. Expert Systems
Expert Systems (ES)
Give the computer the ability to
make suggestions and act like an
expert in a particular field
• Medical diagnoses
• Repair problems
• Credit evaluations
• Investment strategies
32. Systems Development
Systems Development
The activity of creating or modifying
existing business systems.
Objectives
Make the process manageable
Achieve predictable costs and timing
33. Systems Development
Steps
1) Systems Investigation
Gain a clear understanding of the problem
to be solved or opportunity to be
addressed.
2) Systems Analysis
Define the problems and opportunities of
the existing system.
3) Systems Design
Determine how the new system will work
to meet the business needs defined during
systems analysis.
34. Systems Development
Steps
4) Systems Implementation
Create or acquire the various system
components defined in the design step,
assemble them, and put the new system into
operation.
5) System Maintenance and Review
Check and modify the system so that it
continues to meet changing business needs.
35. 2
C H A P T E R
Information
Systems in
Organizations
36. Strategic Information
Systems
Strategy
A plan designed to help an
organization gain a competitive
advantage
Strategic Information Systems
Information systems that help
accomplish a strategy
37. Achieving a
Competitive Advantage
The essence of strategy is
innovation, so competitive
advantage often occurs when an
organization tries a strategy
that no one has tried before.
e.g. Dell was the first PC
manufacturer to use the Web to
take customer orders.
38. The Value Chain
Michael Porter
A series or “chain” of basic
activities that add value to a
firm’s products or services
Critical leverage points where
information technology can
enhance a firm’s competitive
position
42. Ways to Achieve a
Competitive Advantage
Reduce costs
Automation of a business process
• Transaction processing
• Online customer service
• Factory robotics
Raise barriers to entry
Legal protection of intellectual property
High cost of entry
43. Ways to Achieve a
Competitive Advantage
Establish high switching costs
Penalties for terminating contracts
Software re-training
Create new products and services
Copyright protection
Continuous innovation
44. Ways to Achieve a
Competitive Advantage
Differentiate products and services
Branding
First to market
Enhance products and services
Longer warranties, more information
Better service
45. Ways to Achieve a
Competitive Advantage
Establish alliances
Bundling products
Rewards programs
Outsourcing
Lock in suppliers or customers
Purchasing volume
Create a standard
46. Ways to Achieve a
Competitive Advantage
Potentially winning business
moves
PLUS
Ideas for harnessing
technology to implement
those moves
47. Organizational Structures
An organization’s structure can
have an impact on how
information systems are viewed
and what kind are used:
Hierarchical
Project/Product
Team
Multidimensional
52. Organizational Culture &
Change
• Organizational Culture
Set of shared beliefs and assumptions
• Organizational Change
A process that alters the way an
organization functions
Often associated with new IS
53. Organizational Change
Lewin & Schein
•Create receptive
climate(there is a
better way to
operate)
•Learn new
methods, obtain
commitment
•Reinforce,
reward new
behavior
54. Reengineering
The radical redesign of business
processes to achieve a significant
breakthrough in business results
Delivery time
Product & service quality
Costs, revenue & productivity
55. Reengineering
Employee resistance
Employees must understand benefits
Old rules must be challenged
Examples
Size of orders
Credit approval
Decision-making level
56. Reengineering
Examples of reengineering
initiatives
Simplifying work processes
Combining several jobs into one
Outsourcing ancillary processes
Entering new business areas
Establishing new management
structures
Renovating technology systems
57. Reengineering vs.
Continuous Improvement
Strong action to solve
serious problems
Top-down-driven by senior
executives
Broad in scope; cuts across
organizations
Goal is to achieve a major
breakthrough
Routine actions to make
minor improvements
Worker driven
Narrow in scope; focus in a
given area
Goal is continuous, gradual
improvement
58. Total Quality Management
Company-wide effort to add
more value
Keen awareness of customer
Strategic vision for quality
Empowerment of employees
Rewards for high quality
59. Outsourcing
Contracting with outside professional
services to meet specific business
needs.
Focus on core business
Save money
61. Performance-Based
Information Systems
Productivity
A measure of the output achieved divided by
the input required.
Return on Investment
Profit or benefit as a percentage of investment
Earnings Growth
Market Share
Customer Awareness & Satisfaction
Total Cost of Ownership
62. Identifying Risks
How well are requirements
understood?
Does the project require
pioneering effort?
Is there a risk of severe business
repercussions?
63. Leading Edge vs.
Bleeding Edge
Bleeding Edge: When failure
occurs because an organization
tries to be too far out on the
technological leading edge
Time-Warner’s Pathfinder portal
Leading Edge: Let competitors
test the new technology first
Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, IE
64. Justifying IS
Tangible savings (reduced costs)
Intangible savings (better decisions)
Legal requirements (reports)
Modernization (Y2K, new apps)
Pilot project (laptops)