Its consists of the emergence of international law, Expalanation of international law, reason why it is a weak law, Father of International law, types of law, Formulation of treaties, Why international law is not a real law, Nature of international law, basis of international law , sources of international law, famous case of international law and current state of international law
Meaning and Definition of Nationality and Citizenship, Difference between nationality and citizenship, concept of second class citizen, Modes of acquiring citizenship. This ppt is very important for all law student who are preparing for judiciary and other competitive exam.
Law of war is that part of international law that regulates the resort to armed forces; the conduct to armed forces and the protection of war victims in both national and international conflict; conflicting occupation; and the relationship between conflict, neutral and non-conflicting states
Sources of international law (by Advocate Raja Aleem)Raja Aleem
International Law is a rule that has been accepted as such by the "International Community".
The legal process that concerns relations among nations is called international law.
International law is a body of rules that govern relations between states, functioning of international institutions/organizations and rights and duties of individuals.
(There are three International Relationships are governed by “International Law”.)
1)Those between Nations and Nations
2)Those between Nations and persons; and
3)Those between Persons and Persons
Sources of International Law:
The term ‘source’ refers to methods or procedure by which International Law is created.
There are five sources of International law, According to section: 38(1) of the statute of the “International Court of Justice”. These are:
1.International Conventions or called “Treaties”
2.International Customs
3.General Principles of Law recognized by Civilized Nations
4.Decisions of Judicial and Arbitral Tribunals; and
5.Juristic Works or called “Writing of Eminent Jurists”
United nations security council presentationSaudMalik10
AoA its my little effort to cover major aspects of UNSC and its obivious that it needs much improvements so I'm very obliged if someone guided me to improve my work you can obliged me with your suggestions at saudmalik.1112@gmail.com
international court of jurisdiction-its composition,types of jurisdiction,activities,cases,contentious and advisory jurisdiction,corfu channel case and nuclear weapon case
The study Notes on International Law which I prepared for examinations when I was student of LL.B. II in 2006. Hope it may be helpful in understanding the basics of the subject. But after studying it, the students should through the text books available on the subject.....Thanks
Its consists of the emergence of international law, Expalanation of international law, reason why it is a weak law, Father of International law, types of law, Formulation of treaties, Why international law is not a real law, Nature of international law, basis of international law , sources of international law, famous case of international law and current state of international law
Meaning and Definition of Nationality and Citizenship, Difference between nationality and citizenship, concept of second class citizen, Modes of acquiring citizenship. This ppt is very important for all law student who are preparing for judiciary and other competitive exam.
Law of war is that part of international law that regulates the resort to armed forces; the conduct to armed forces and the protection of war victims in both national and international conflict; conflicting occupation; and the relationship between conflict, neutral and non-conflicting states
Sources of international law (by Advocate Raja Aleem)Raja Aleem
International Law is a rule that has been accepted as such by the "International Community".
The legal process that concerns relations among nations is called international law.
International law is a body of rules that govern relations between states, functioning of international institutions/organizations and rights and duties of individuals.
(There are three International Relationships are governed by “International Law”.)
1)Those between Nations and Nations
2)Those between Nations and persons; and
3)Those between Persons and Persons
Sources of International Law:
The term ‘source’ refers to methods or procedure by which International Law is created.
There are five sources of International law, According to section: 38(1) of the statute of the “International Court of Justice”. These are:
1.International Conventions or called “Treaties”
2.International Customs
3.General Principles of Law recognized by Civilized Nations
4.Decisions of Judicial and Arbitral Tribunals; and
5.Juristic Works or called “Writing of Eminent Jurists”
United nations security council presentationSaudMalik10
AoA its my little effort to cover major aspects of UNSC and its obivious that it needs much improvements so I'm very obliged if someone guided me to improve my work you can obliged me with your suggestions at saudmalik.1112@gmail.com
international court of jurisdiction-its composition,types of jurisdiction,activities,cases,contentious and advisory jurisdiction,corfu channel case and nuclear weapon case
The study Notes on International Law which I prepared for examinations when I was student of LL.B. II in 2006. Hope it may be helpful in understanding the basics of the subject. But after studying it, the students should through the text books available on the subject.....Thanks
Alejandro Iglesias Campos, Programme Specialist at Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO with his speech on Marine Spatial Planning in support of a sustainable ocean based economy at the 2nd Baltic Maritime Spatial Planning Forum in Riga, Latvia on 23 November 2016 (the final conference of the Baltic SCOPE collaboration).
Video and other presentations - www.balticscope.eu
www.vasab.org
Underwater cultural heritage – opportunities to use synergies and current political framework by Sallamaria Tikkanen, National Board of Antiquities, Finland at the workshop 'The role of the maritime spatial planning to safeguard the underwater cultural heritage' at the 2nd Baltic Maritime Spatial Planning Forum in Riga, Latvia on 23-24 November 2016 (the final conference of the Baltic SCOPE collaboration).
Video and other presentations - www.balticscope.eu
www.vasab.org
An introduction to Human Body : Medical Jurisprudence
for students of LL.B. Part III
wish you best of luck for your examinations.
need your prayers: shah Muhammad
Sovereignty in Historical Context for Self-Sovereign Identity - Natalie Smole...SSIMeetup
http://ssimeetup.org/sovereignty-historical-context-self-sovereign-identity-natalie-smolenski-webinar-18/
Natalie Smolenski is an anthropologist who leads business development for Learning Machine, a blockchain technology firm specializing in self-sovereign digital identity. As an author and public speaker, she focuses on the intersections of identity, technology, and government. By bringing a scientific perspective to distributed digital technologies and social transformation, she helps audiences from all backgrounds understand how individuals connect to form communities and build the infrastructures of the future.
This presentation reflects the first installment of a wider project examining the origins and potential of self-sovereign identity. While the term “self-sovereign identity” has become commonplace within digital identity circles and in the media, what it means in theory and in practice is hotly contested. In this project, Natalie examines various cultural, legal, and technical approaches to both sovereignty in general and self-sovereignty in particular in order to better understand what is being contested and why–and what the stakes are. This presentation kicks off the project with a historical overview of some of the approaches to and questions about sovereignty within the European (theologico-) political tradition and sets the stage for the next installment, which more closely examines the connection between sovereignty and value.
First of four blocks of slides for a course on legal history with professor Emanuele Conte. Students should use also Tamar Herzog's A Short History of European Law
This document contains the Summary of Lecture Notes (of Jurisprudence) on Unit 01 (Jurisprudence as a Science).
Topics: Etymology, Meaning, Definition, Classification, Scope and Utility of Jurisprudence and its Relation with other Social Science...It also contains a rich portion of exercises including Question both Subjective (Textual and MCQs) and Conceptual
It gives a brief outline of the Subject of Jurisprudence including Syllabus, Bibliography, Lecture Plan etc. It also contains some 47 Model Questions from all chapters of the syllabus. Hope it may be helpful for students.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
Ch.01 historical development
1.
2. Origin, Nature and Basis of
International Law
I
Origin of International Law
International Law of Antiquity
Classical International Law
Modern International law
4. No precise date or period
Started with the formation of politically organized
groups
Rules may be found existing 5,000 years before
These rules were peculiar to the unique setup of
those communities
These rules were relating to peace, boarders,
extradition, reprisals, diplomatic relationships etc.
Origin
International Law of
Antiquity
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Treaties
1-4
5. Concluded between Eannatum
(the victorious Ruler of Lagash)
and the representative of
Umma
It established peace and
defined their boarders
Origin – Historical Traces:
Lagash and Umma were two small Mesopotamian City States
International Law of
Antiquity
A Treaty
between
Lagash and
Umma
3100 BC
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Cases
Part Intro
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Treaties
1-5
6. A Treaty
between
Egypt and
Cheta
1400 BC
International Law of
Antiquity
• It Provided for Peace, Alliance,
Extradition and Exchange of
Ambassadors
• Concluded between Egyptian
Pharaoh Ramses – II and King of
Cheta
Origin – Historical Traces:
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Treaties
1-6
7. Developments
Peace and
War
Diplomatic
Relationships
Boarders and
respect of
Boarders
Extradition,
Asylum etc.
The societies of
antiquity
developed rules
concerning;
International Law of
Antiquity
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Definitions
Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
HEC Sylbs
Treaties
1-7
8. The Empires of Egypt, Persia, Chaldea, Assyria,
Mesopotamia and the small Hebrew Monarchies
and Phoenician City States – concluded Treaties
Established following principles;
• Equality of Parties
• Pacta sunt servanda – Agreements are to be kept
Greece took two institutions from Asian
Civilizations;
• Technique of concluding Treaties; and
• Art of Diplomacy
And developed International Arbitration
Developments
1-8
International Law of
Antiquity
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Definitions
Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
HEC Sylbs
Treaties
1-8
9. ROME (before expansion)
Jus Civile
• Law applicable to Roman
Natives
ROMAN EMPIRE (after expansion)
Jus Gentium
• Law applicable between
Roman Natives and
foreigners
• Based on Natural Law
Jus Fatiale
• Law consisted of
religious rules
• Governed
Roman external
relations and
declaration of
wars
• A special Magistrate, the praeter
peregrines, appointed in 242
BC, had created Jus Gentium.
Outside World
• It was first true
International Law To See the Evolution of Roman Empire Click Here ---
Roman Developments
International Law of
Antiquity
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Definitions
Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
HEC Sylbs
Treaties
1-9
10. 10
Developments By Romans
ROME
ROMAN EMPIRE
• In 212 AD Roman
Citizenship was granted to
all male inhabitants of
Roman Empire.
• It diminish the distinction
between Jus Civile and Jus
Gentium
• Later on the principles
of Jus Gentium and Jus
Fatiale became the
basis for Classical
International Law.
• It influenced to greater
extent all the European
Legal Systems
• Hence, Jus Civile became
applicable to all the
inhabitants both natives and
foreigners of Roman Empire
• But Jus Gentium and
Jus Fatiale did not
disappear.
Roman Developments
International Law of
Antiquity
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Definitions
Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
HEC Sylbs
Treaties
11. Feudal
Lords Emperor
Pope
Political Setup:
Three fountains of Power – with Feudal Lords
bridging between the two
Communities scattered into groups headed
by Feudal Lords
Confronted each other for Power
Catholic Church Holy Roman
Empire
Two Sets of Laws Emerged, corresponding to
two Power Structures
Ecclesiastical Imperial
It made difficult for an INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM to emerge
Developments During Middle Ages:
International Law of
Antiquity
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Definitions
Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
HEC Sylbs
Treaties
1-11
12. Developments During Middle Ages:
However two sets of truly International Law were developed
Lex Mercatoria
(Law of Merchants)
Maritime Customary
Law
• Revival of Trade – in 10th
century
• High Seas were ‘no-man’s
land.
• Merchants started traveling
throughout Europe for trade
purposes
• Out of necessity they made
their own rules of fair
dealing which formed Lex
Mercatoria
• But Maritime Commerce
demanded new rules
• The rules were derived from
Rhodian Sea Law – A
Byzantine Codification
International Law of
Antiquity
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Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
HEC Sylbs
Treaties
1-12
13. The main credit of the Medieval Period is the
emergence of Modern Sate.
In the beginning it was in the shape of
microscopic Italian City States
These were wealthy city States
Trying to justify their demands for independence
Later on with the birth of Social Contract Theory
Modern States Emerged gradually in Europe.
Particularly, in reaction against religious monopolistic
trends in political affairs
Developments During Middle Ages:
International Law of
Antiquity
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Definitions
Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
HEC Sylbs
Treaties
1-13
14. Some Schools of International Law During Medieval Period
Developments During Middle Ages:
International Law of
Antiquity
Italian School:
Represented By:
1. Bartolus (1314-1357)
2. Baldus (1327-1400)
• They advocated the universality of
International Law
• Applicable between independent
princes and free commonwealths
Core Principles:
Home
Definitions
Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
HEC Sylbs
Treaties
1-14
15. Some Schools of International Law During Medieval Period
Developments During Middle Ages:
International Law of
Antiquity
Spanish Schools:
Represented By:
1. Francesco De Vitoria
(1486-1586)
• Confirmed the Universal
Character of Law
• Accepted the ownership of
Indians on their lands but justified
the Spanish extension on the
basis of superiority
Core Principles:
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Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
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Treaties
1-15
16. There is a debate as to
when Modern
International Law
originated.
Generally – There are
Four Views as to its origin
Origin:
Modern International Law
Home
Definitions
Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
HEC Sylbs
Treaties
1-16
17. In 9th Century – Co-existence of ‘Three Different Worlds’
Islamic Empire, Holy Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire
Their International Relations consisting on multi-cultural
civilizations gave rise to new International Standards.
Origin:
Presented By: R. Ago
First View:
In 11th Century – Community of Christian States emerged
Hence, their mutual intercourse gave birth to Modern
International Law
Second View:
Presented By: Zimmerman, A. Vendros, G. Balladore Pallieri
Modern International Law
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Gen. Sylbs
Cases
Part Intro
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1-17
