Ch 15 Sec 3 "Consequences of Imperialism"
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Imperialism had both positive and negative political, economic, and social consequences for Africa. Positively, it brought infrastructure development, new farming techniques, and the spread of religion and education. However, it also ended the natural development of independent African states, forced economic changes that neglected some areas and failed to reinvest profits locally, and condemned traditional African culture. Overall, imperialism had lasting impacts, both good and bad, on state formation, economic systems, and social structures across the continent.
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Imperialism notes
1. Imperialism refers to the policy of extending control over other countries or territories economically, politically, and socially.
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Developments in africa (1)
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The document summarizes Russian history from Catherine the Great's rule in the late 18th century through the reign of Nicholas II in the early 20th century. It describes Russia's harsh climate and serf-based agricultural system. It notes key events like Catherine expanding Russia's territory, Alexander II abolishing serfdom but not providing land for freed serfs, and Alexander III and Nicholas II cracking down on dissent through censorship, persecution, and pogroms against threatening groups. Napoleon's 1812 invasion of Russia is also summarized, where the Russian winter and scorched earth tactics helped defeat the French armies.
Ch. 14 Vocabulary
This document lists 10 vocabulary terms: socialism, proletariat, bourgeoisie, communism, Corn Laws, Parliament Bill of 1911, anti-Semitism, pasteurization, romanticism, and realism. These terms relate to political and economic systems, social classes, laws and government, science, and artistic movements from history.
Ch. 14 Sec. 1 "Reform in Western Culture"
This document summarizes various social reforms that occurred in Western culture between the 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses the rise of socialism and Marxism, which advocated for public ownership and a classless society. It also outlines women's suffrage and temperance movements that aimed to give women the right to vote and reduce alcohol consumption. Finally, it provides details on reforms in Britain that expanded voting rights and increased the power of the House of Commons, as well as rising anti-Semitism in Europe during the Dreyfus Affair in France.
Ch. 14 Sec. 2 "Changes in Culture and Education"
Romanticism emphasized emotion over reason and often depicted peaceful rural scenes, while Realism sought to portray life realistically, including the negative aspects of industrialization in works by Charles Dickens and Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. Education reforms occurred across Europe in the 1800s, with Britain establishing Sunday schools and building public schools, Germany requiring primary education for all children, and France's Jules Ferry forming a system mandating attendance until age 15 under one of Europe's finest systems.
Ch. 14 Sec. 3 Science and Technology
This document summarizes the contributions of several important scientists from the 19th century including James Maxwell, Louis Pasteur, and Charles Darwin, and highlights several technological advancements such as the railroad, steamship, internal combustion engine, airplane, telegraph, and telephone. Key scientific discoveries included Maxwell's work in physics and astronomy, Pasteur proving spontaneous generation is false and pioneering pasteurization, and Darwin developing the theory of evolution by natural selection. Major technologies that transformed transportation and communication during this period were also outlined.
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This document summarizes the contributions of several important scientists from the 19th century including James Maxwell, Louis Pasteur, and Charles Darwin, and highlights several technological advancements such as the railroad, steamship, internal combustion engine, airplane, telegraph, and telephone. Key scientific discoveries included Maxwell's work in physics and astronomy, Pasteur's disproving of spontaneous generation and development of pasteurization, and Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Major technologies that transformed transportation and communication during this period were also outlined.
Ch. 15 Vocabulary
This document lists 12 key terms related to European colonialism and imperialism in Africa in the 19th century. It includes names of important explorers like David Livingstone and missionaries like Robert Moffat, as well as political events like the Berlin Conference that divided Africa among European powers and technological factors like the Maxim gun that enabled European military domination.
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Ch 15 Sec 3 "Consequences of Imperialism"
- 3. Political • Temporary peace and stability if they submitted to European control • 50 new African states were formed • Produced well trained and effective civil servants • Trained professional armies to control the population and put down armed resistance
- 4. • Ended the natural development of modern states in Africa
- 5. Economic • POSITIVE • Europeans built a modern infrastructure (railroad, roads, telegraph wires)
- 6. • Europeans introduced improved farming methods • Replaced the barter-based economy with a money-based economy • Introduced modern concepts of banking
- 7. • NEGATIVE • The new infrastructure neglected certain areas • When Europeans divided Africa some regions were left with little opportunity to prosper • Africans were forced to concentrate on cash crops rather than food • Resulted in great wealth for the Europeans, who failed to re-invest it back into Africa
- 8. Social • POSITIVE • Growth in population • Experienced urbanization (villages grew into towns; towns expanded into cities) • Spread of religion and education was encouraged • You could advance based on merit and achievement rather than social order or birth
- 9. • NEGATIVE • There was a huge gap between the rural and urban areas in Africa • The status of African women was downgraded • Everything African was condemned
Editor's Notes
- Europeans can take no credit for any positive results of imperialism…most of the positive results of European imperialism were accidental rather than intentional
- Cecil Rhodes: Cape-Cairo railway project. Founded the De Beers Mining Company and owned the British South Africa Company, which established Rhodesia for itself. He liked to "paint the map British red," and declared: "all of these stars ... these vast worlds that remain out of reach. If I could, I would annex other planets.
- Cost was their freedom…had no choice if they wanted to benefit their people Europeans drew the boundaries with little regard for the actual location of tribes…they divided tribes or combined various tribes without African input…they had little in common and spoke different languages…led to unrest A bureaucratic structure proved beneficial to African states as they later gained their independence…Britain was the best, then the French and finally Portugal has the worst-trained civil servants These armies were chronic source of instability, confusion, and anarchy that continues in some African states today
- Africans grew up under the control of Europeans and had no experience in self government…much of the progress made by their parents and grandparents had been lost and forgotten…also were isolated from the rest of the world
- Greatly increased production of many natural resources and the railroads enabled much larger harvests to be delivered to markets
- The Europeans only built to benefit themselves…it was distributed unevenly and some areas received no improvements Some areas had access to the coast, rich mineral deposits and other natural resources, other had access to few natural resources Still like this today and Africans rely on other nations to provide food for their people…they have found it difficult to change their agricultural habits This left Africa with an underdeveloped and underfunded economic system
- Initially it went down due to contact with European diseases and conflict British encouraged the spread of Islam as well as Christianity…felt it would be less resistance by the African Muslims
- All the medical facilities and schools were in the urban areas Opposed African names, music, art and anything else that originated in Africa…also forced them to wear European-style clothing