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![(Results from Simulation)
Fractional Collection Efficiency
of Collection Systems
056 287p
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Cyclone
alternative collection system](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cfbpresentation-251009111502-b3183573/75/CFB_Presentation-for-CFB-Boiler-for-low-capacity-17-2048.jpg)
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CFB_Presentation for CFB Boiler for low capacity
- 1.
- 2. 001 656p Futureutilization of oil and coal in utility and industrial power stations depend on combustion systems which meet the requirement of an extensive reduction of emission One solution with economical benefits is: C Circulating F Fluidized B Bed C Combustion
- 3. History 141 267p Two CFBtechnologies have been developed • One origin was a bubbling bed burning low grade fuels • The other origin were gas/solid reactors for process technology applications End of 70ies first applications in coal combustion Break through • in the 80ies due to environmental legislation Typically 200 mg/m³ NOX and 200 - 1,000 mg/m³ SO2 became mandatory • later due to utilisation of opportunity fuels
- 4. between Fixed Grate,Fluidized Bed, and Pulverized Firing Relationships 056 338p Stoker Firing (Fixed Bed) Fluidized Bed Firing BFB C FB G as Fuel Air Ash Velocity 8 - 10 ft/sec (2.3 - 3.0 m/s) 4 - 10 ft/sec (1.2 - 3.0 m/s) Average Bed Particle Size 6,000 m Pulverized Firing (Entrained Bed) G as Fuel Air Ash 15 - 33 ft/sec (4.6 - 10.0 m/s) 50 m G as Fuel & Sorbent Air Ash 1,000 m 100 - 300 m G as Fuel & Sorbent Air Ash 15 - 23 ft/sec (4.6 - 7.0 m/s) Air
- 5. Environmentally friendly CFBtechnology generates power : High SO2 capture Firing a wide variety of different fuels Low NOx emissions
- 6. SO2 Capture CaCO3 -->CaO + CO2 CaO + SO2 + ½ O2 --> Ca SO4 Furnace temperature control is very critical Limestone consumption varies enormously with furnace temperature Optimum temperature : 850 °C 850 800 900 SO2Capture efficiency T (°C) SO2 Capture achieved by limestone injection
- 7. NOx Emissions - Combustiontemperature - N2 in fuel - Excess air and staggering 1 000 800 1 200 NOx T (°C) NOx Emissions influenced by 3 main parameters :
- 8. General Process Bedtemperature Air Air Air Ash Coal Flue gas Optimum temperature : 850 °C Temperature maintained by heat pick up in exchange surfaces Either in furnace Or in FBHE
- 9.
- 10. Main Design Criteria High bed inventory of fine particles High recirculation rate Highly efficient cyclones External and/or Internal heat exchangers for temperature control depending upon the application Concept
- 11. External Heat Exchangers A very fine tuning of the bed temperature is necessary Fuel Analysis leads a small furnace ( Petroleum coke , Anthracites ) Very large electrical capacity CFB Highly abrasive fuels Concept Advisable when :
- 12. Furnace F B HE Cyclone FBHE Design
- 13.
- 14. Wing Walls Could beused as • • Evaporator • • HP superheater • • Final reheater Furnace Erosion protection (refratory) Tube-fin-tube design to cyclone
- 15. Omega Panels View fromtop Double Super Omega Design Welded Design Platen heaters within the furnace are a powerful feature: • To extract heat for superheating from the furnace • To have a self controlling system for furnace heat extraction (no mechanical control means needed) • To avoid erosion of heating surfaces by installation in the vertical flow area of the furnace and smooth surface design First unit has now gathered more than 100 000 h operation with first platen heater equipment.
- 16. CFD Analysis of CyclonePerformance 006 056px
- 17. (Results from Simulation) FractionalCollection Efficiency of Collection Systems 056 287p 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 0 50 100 150 200 250 d [µm] Collection efficiency Cyclone alternative collection system
- 18. Cyclone Improvement Measures 056 329p Downward Inclined InletDuct High Performance Refractory for Inlet Area Eccentric Vortex Finder Arrangement Advanced Vortex Finder Shape Second Pass
- 19. (Old and NewCyclone Design) Particle Size Distribution of Solid Inventory 056 330p 10 µm 100 1000 Grain size d 0.1 1.0 (%) 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 99.0 99.9 Residue R old cyclone design new cyclone design
- 20. • • Maximize finesolid recirculation • • Increase carbon burnout as well as limestone utilization • • Increasing solid concentration in the upper furnace leads to • • enhanced heat transfer • • perfect temperature homogenity • • Fine PSD of inventory and thus less erosions • • Minimize solids entrained to the backpass and thus • • less backpass erosion • • less backpass fouling • • lower CO generated in the backpass High Efficient Cyclone Benefits 056 343p
- 21. Cyclone Arrangements 056 352p <100 MWel 200 - 300 MWel 300 MW - 400 MWel 100 - 200 MWel 600 MWel
- 22. 125 MWe, 250MWe and Beyond Class 150 MW + + + + + + + + + + + + Class 350 MW Class 600 MW
- 23. Performance of CFBboilers EMILE HUCHET PROVENCE RED HILLS GOLDENBERG TAMUIN OUTPUT MWe FUEL THERMAL EFF. DeSOx NOx mg/Nm3 125 250 250 115 130 Coal Coal slurry Coal ( 4%S ) Pitch Lignite Brown coal Petcoke > 89 % > 94 % > 93 % > 89 % > 92 % > 90 % > 97 % > 95 % > 95 % > 90 % < 200 < 250 < 250 <200 <200 1991 1996 2001 1992 2002 CAN 160 Lignite Lignite AKRIMOTA 125 > 92 % > 83 % (*) > 95 % > 95 % 250 215 2002 2003 (*) HHV basis
- 24. Emissions achieved CFBs inRelation to the Fuel Type 058 180p Fuel Type NOX mg/m³stp, 6 % O2 SO2 mg/m³stp, 6 % O2 Desulphurization Efficiency % Anthracite & Anthracite tailings 70 220 80 Petcoke 100 200 97 Slurry 110 140 95 Bituminous Coal 80 200 95 Eastern US Bituminous Coal 60 100 97 High Moisture Lignite 140 200 90 High Sulphur Lignite 160 200 97 Biomass 100 - -
- 25. Ash Screw Cooler 056340p Ash from Furnace 1560 - 1650 °F 850 - 900 °C Ash to Bottom Ash Handling System 400 °F / 200 °C (Typical)
- 26. Details Ash Screw Cooler 056341p Holo-Flite Screw Trough Jacket Heat Exchanger
- 27. Water Cooled AshCooler 056 323p Return to furnace Ash inlet duct from furnace bottom Conveyor ash to ash silo Fluidizing air
- 28. Split Loop Seal 056232px Coal from Cyclone to Furnace
- 29. Major Recent References: UtilityBoiler 012 188p Power Station Mladá Boleslav 2 x 50 MW Energy Supply for VW-Skoda Factory • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Bituminous Coal • Capacity t/h 2 x 140 • Design Pressure bar 145 • Temperature °C 535 • Commissioning - 1998 • Country - Czech Republic • Customer - SKO Energo
- 30. + 53.0 m ±0.0 m Power Station Cao Ngan, 2 x 50 MW Longitudinal Section 012 223p Live Steam 115 bar (design pressure) 538 °C 66 kg/s (237.6 t/h) Feedwater 223 °C Fuel Vietnamese Lean Coal Customer VINACOAL, Vietnam
- 31. Utility Boiler 012 183p MajorReferences: Power Station Ledvice 110 MW CFB Fired Boiler in Czech Republic • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Brown Coal • Capacity t/h 350 • Design Pressure bar 135 • Temperature °C 545 • Commissioning - 2001 • Country - Czech Republic • Customer - CEZ a.s.
- 32. Major References: Utility Boiler 012185p Power Station Emile Huchet 125 MW CFB Fired Boiler in France • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Bituminous Coal • Capacity t/h 367 • Design Pressure bar 155 • Temperature °C 545/540 • Commissioning - 1990 • Country - France • Customer - SODELIF
- 33. Major References: Utility Boiler 012187p Power Station Goldenberg 125 MW Extra large Furnace due to wet (up to 60 % water) Brown Coal • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Lignite • Capacity t/h 400 • Design Pressure bar 135 • Temperature °C 505 • Commissioning - 1992 • Country - Germany • Customer - RWE
- 34. Akrimota, 2 x125 MW Boiler with CFB 012 217pÄ Live Steam 138 bar 538 °C 405 t/h Reheater Steam 36 bar 537 °C 375 t/h Feedwater 247 °C Fuel High Sulphur Lignite ± 0.0 m + 50.0 m
- 35. Major References: Utility Boiler 012184p Power Station Tamuin 2 x 130 MW CFB Fired Boilers in Mexico • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Petroleum Coke • Capacity t/h 2 x 395 • Design Pressure bar 154 • Temperature °C 540/540 • Commissioning - 2002 • Country - Mexico • Customer - SITHE-IPG
- 36. Major References: Utility Boiler 012198p RF#1 2 x 150 MW CFB Fired Boilers in Taiwan • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Petroleum Coke • Capacity t/h 2 x 500 • Design Pressure bar 149 • Temperature °C 541 • Commissioning - 2002 • Country - Taiwan • Customer - FHI
- 37. Major Recent References: UtilityBoiler 012 154p Power Station Çan 2 x 160 MW First CFB Fired Boilers in Turkey • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Lignite • Capacity t/h 2 x 462 • Design Pressure bar 199 • Temperature °C 543/542 • Commissioning - 2002 • Country - Turkey • Customer - TEAS + 56.7 m
- 38. Major References: Utility Boiler 011422p Tonghae Thermal Power Plant 2 x 220 MW Reheat CFB Boilers in Republic of Korea • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Anthracite • Capacity t/h 2 x 693 • Design Pressure bar 172 • Temperature °C 541/541 • Commissioning - 1998 and 1999 • Country - Republic of Korea • Customer - Tonghae
- 39. Major References: Utility Boiler 011424p Power Station Provence 250 MW First 250 MW CFB Boilers in the world • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Bituminous Coal • Capacity t/h 700 • Design Pressure bar 193 • Temperature °C 565/565 • Commissioning - 1995 • Country - France • Customer - SOPROLIF
- 40. Major References: Utility Boiler 011459p Power Station Red Hills 2 x 250 MW • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Lignite • Capacity t/h 2 x 753 • Design Pressure bar 203 • Temperature °C 540/568 • Commissioning - 2001 • Country - USA • Customer - Choctaw Generation
- 41. Major References: Utility Boiler 011423p Power Station Guayama 2 x 250 MW Reheat CFB Boilers in Puerto Rico • Technology - CFB • Fuel - Bituminous Coal • Capacity t/h 2 x 819 • Design Pressure bar 207 • Temperature °C 540/540 • Commissioning - 2003 • Country - Puerto Rico • Customer - AES
- 42. 3 D Model 250MW CFB for Indian Lignite 011 475p
- 43. NCV MJ /kg Water content Weight% a.r. Ash content Weight % a.r. Sulphur % maf Anthracite 16 8 37 Bituminous coal 19 - 29 7 - 24 3 - 25 Lignite 12 - 18 12 - 42 12 - 26 5.5 - 12 Brown coal 8 - 12 35 - 58 1 - 40 1 - 13 Special fuels: Petcoke < 31.0 < 5 < 1 < 7 Wood chips 12 36 2 Coal slurry 10.5 33 30 Paper sludge 2.4 62 15 Sewage sludge 0.6 73 15 Bark 9 - 16 15 - 50 1 - 3 (20) Fuels for Circulating Fluidized Beds 056 295p
- 44. Reference Summary 141 269p • •Fuels Fuels Coal and lignite Water content up to 60 % Ash content up to 40 % Sulphur content up to 13 % maf various opportunity fuels (coal, slurry, sewage sludge, petcoke, bark, ...) • • Water/Steam side Water/Steam side Natural circulation Assisted circulation Once-through (engineering study) With/without reheat up to 560 °C • • Capacity Capacity From 70 MWth up to 250 MWel 600 MWel under investigation
- 45. Advantages of CFB forHigh Sulphur Lignite Desulphurization of > 97 % achievable Reduced slagging tendency in the furnace – No slagging due to pyrite of other sulphur components – Reduced fouling in the backpass due to low temperature and even temperature profile Higher boiler efficiency – Marginal SO3 in flue gas due to SO3 capture by limestone – Therefore, flue gas exit temperature of 140 °C or less 056 374p
- 46. Lignite Fired CFBPlants Sulphur content of 14 % (daf) commercially utilized in CFB Desulphurization of > 97 % achievable Special attention must be given to cyclone performance Equal fuel / air / limestone feeding into the furnace must be ensured under all operating conditions Intensive testing is highly recommended: – mine operation – coal analysis with emphasis on type of sulphur Conclusion 056 377p
- 47. Summary 001 673p • • CFBtechnology is well developed today More than 300 CFB plants are operating or are under construction Plants with 250 MW capacity are running since 1995 • • CFB technology meets environmental requirements NOX values less than 200 mg/m3 s.t.p. and desulphurization efficiencies higher than 97 % could be achieved • • CFB techhnology is able to burn a wide range of fuels Especially high sulphur and/or high ash or high water coals could be utilized
Editor's Notes
- #42 250 MW CFB for Indian lignite