A Cesarean section, or hysterotomy, is a surgical procedure to deliver puppies or kittens through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus. It may be performed on an emergency basis for difficult labor or planned if the mother has had a previous C-section or is anticipated to have issues giving birth. Reasons for a C-section include uterine inertia, prolonged labor, oversized fetuses, fetal death, maternal health issues, abnormal fetal positioning, or anatomical abnormalities. The procedure involves two teams delivering the young through an abdominal incision while the mother is anesthetized. Recovery requires monitoring nursing and the incision until stitches or staples can be removed within 10-14 days. Complications can
Hope it helps.. This presentation describes about labour induction, its types, methods, management and responsibilities. also the procedure of performing the methods. pictures as per need attached for the reference. like and comment if any suggestion.
A Review of PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR REPRODU...Dr. Ishwor Dhakal
It is a review of PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE AND BUFFALOS. This slides were presented in Clinical conference at IAAS/TU Rampur Campus Chitwan, Nepal.
Recognized as one of the best clinics in Gurgaon for Fertility treatment, Miracles Fertility & IVF Clinic is dedicated to providing the best-personalized health care tailored to individual patient needs.
Amniotomy by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india alka mukherjee
There are four main reasons for performing an amniotomy:
1. To induce labor or augment uterine activity, despite evidence showing lack of effectiveness. A 2013 Cochrane Review concluded, that "the evidence showed no shortening of the length of first stage of labour and a possible increase in caesarean section. Routine amniotomy is not recommended as part of standard labour management and care."[2] Another Cochrane Review could not draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of using amnioitomy as a means of induction when comparing amniotomy alone vs. expected management or amniotomy alone vs. oxytocin alone.[3]
2. To enable the doctor or midwife to monitor the baby's heartbeat internally. A scalp electrode is placed against the baby's head and an ECG of the baby's heart beat can be directly recorded. This provides a much more reliable indication of the fetal well being than external monitoring alone. Internal fetal monitoring is often performed if there is a complication such as maternal disease, or if there is fetal distress or if the mother is being induced.
3. To check the color of the fluid. If there is a suspicion of the presence of meconium (the contents of the baby's bowel), certain preparations must be made. Suctioning must be set up and more personnel are required to be in attendance.
4. To avoid having the baby aspirate the contents of the amniotic sac at the moment of birth. Most often, the amniotic sac will break of its own accord, most often by the beginning of the second stage of labor. If it remains intact, it is sure to break with maternal pushing efforts. But in a rare case, the baby can be born with an intact bag that must be quickly broken to allow the baby to breathe.
Hope it helps.. This presentation describes about labour induction, its types, methods, management and responsibilities. also the procedure of performing the methods. pictures as per need attached for the reference. like and comment if any suggestion.
A Review of PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR REPRODU...Dr. Ishwor Dhakal
It is a review of PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE AND BUFFALOS. This slides were presented in Clinical conference at IAAS/TU Rampur Campus Chitwan, Nepal.
Recognized as one of the best clinics in Gurgaon for Fertility treatment, Miracles Fertility & IVF Clinic is dedicated to providing the best-personalized health care tailored to individual patient needs.
Amniotomy by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india alka mukherjee
There are four main reasons for performing an amniotomy:
1. To induce labor or augment uterine activity, despite evidence showing lack of effectiveness. A 2013 Cochrane Review concluded, that "the evidence showed no shortening of the length of first stage of labour and a possible increase in caesarean section. Routine amniotomy is not recommended as part of standard labour management and care."[2] Another Cochrane Review could not draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of using amnioitomy as a means of induction when comparing amniotomy alone vs. expected management or amniotomy alone vs. oxytocin alone.[3]
2. To enable the doctor or midwife to monitor the baby's heartbeat internally. A scalp electrode is placed against the baby's head and an ECG of the baby's heart beat can be directly recorded. This provides a much more reliable indication of the fetal well being than external monitoring alone. Internal fetal monitoring is often performed if there is a complication such as maternal disease, or if there is fetal distress or if the mother is being induced.
3. To check the color of the fluid. If there is a suspicion of the presence of meconium (the contents of the baby's bowel), certain preparations must be made. Suctioning must be set up and more personnel are required to be in attendance.
4. To avoid having the baby aspirate the contents of the amniotic sac at the moment of birth. Most often, the amniotic sac will break of its own accord, most often by the beginning of the second stage of labor. If it remains intact, it is sure to break with maternal pushing efforts. But in a rare case, the baby can be born with an intact bag that must be quickly broken to allow the baby to breathe.
This presentation was prepared by me, Dr. P. Chizororo, to help fellow professionals understand one of the most common malpresentations, Breech presentation. Visit my YouTube channel, Nexus Medical Media for all pre-clinical subjects
It is the expulsion or extraction from its mother of an embryo or fetus weighing 500 gm or less when it is not capable of independent survival (WHO).
The 500gm of fetal development is attained approximately at 22 weeks of gestation.
Expelled fetus- Abortus
1. Hysterotomy (Cesarean Section) in Animals
Cesarean sections in animals are often performed on an emergency basis, but may sometimes be
scheduled if the female has had a previous hysterotomy or if there is a foreseeable problem with
the birth.
Reasonsfor CesareanSection
A Cesarean section may be necessary for a variety of reasons. Such surgeries are usually
successful and recovery from the procedure is not long. A prolonged difficult labor is more
dangerous to the fetus than a hysterotomy and even if a complete hysterectomy is necessary, the
mother animal will still continue to produce milk for her young.
An unusually difficult labor, or dystocia, may be anticipated if X-rays have shown evidence that
one or more of the young have skulls too large for the mother’s pelvic canal, at times because the
mother has sustained a previous pelvic fracture.
Cesarean sections may also be performed for any of the following reasons:
Uterine inertia, failure of uterine contractions
Prolonged labor
Oversized fetus
Fetal death
Maternal toxemia
Gestational diabetes
Abnormal position or presentation of the fetus
Anatomical abnormality of the mother
Torsion, or twisting, of the uterus
Insufficient cervical dilation
Separation of the placenta
Risk Factors for Difficult Labor
While a difficult labor cannot always be predicted, risk factors may include:
Advanced age of the mother
Mothers of brachycephalic or toy breeds
Maternal obesity
History of dystocia
Environmental changes immediately prior to labor
2. The CesareanProcedure
Cesarean sections are usually performed by two teams, one tending to the mother and one
administering assistance to the young. An abdominal incision is made while the animal is
under general or local anesthesia.
If general anesthesia is administered, it has to be given in as small doses as possible in order not
to damage the young. Speed and precision are necessary to protect the lives of all the animals.
If local anesthesia is used, some general anesthetic is usually administered after all the young
have been removed.
It is important that the puppies or kittens be taken from their mother while still inside their
amniotic sacs with all vital blood vessels still attached. After they have all been delivered, all
placental material is also removed and the incision is stitched closed.
Recoveryfrom a CesareanSection
The newborns are put in an incubator while the mothers recovers from the anesthesia and then
the family is reunited. Since the mother is still recovering, it may be necessary to encourage
nursing by putting the young at the teat and perhaps expressing a small quantity of milk .
It is desirable for the animals to return home as soon as possible so that the mother is less
traumatized and more easily engages in proper mothering, but the situation should be closely
monitored so that the mother doesn’t inadvertently injure the young since she may not be fully
back to normal.
It may or may not be necessary to remove stitches, depending on what variety of sutures have
been used during the operation. Skin staples may have been used as an alternative. If removal of
either is necessary, it will take place in 10 to 14 days. It is normal for the mother to have vaginal
bleeding for a few day unless she has undergone a hysterectomy.
Antibiotics are not normally administered after a Cesarean unless there is an infection present or
there has been contamination of the abdominal cavity during surgery.
Complications of a CesareanSection
Most Cesarean sections are completely successful, but there are always risk inherent in any
surgical procedure. In this case, they may include hemorrhage, wound infection, mastitis
(infection of the breast) or peritonitis.
