This document presents the design and uses of a cellphone microscope. It describes how a simple additional lens can turn a cellphone camera into a basic microscope, enabling medical diagnosis and analysis in remote areas. The cellphone microscope uses a specimen, objective lens placed on the specimen, and a cellphone camera focused at infinity. Images can be captured, organized, and transmitted for diagnosis. Potential applications include disease screening, medical education, and basic scientific study. The cellphone microscope provides an affordable option to expand access to microscopy.

1. BUILDING A
CELLPHONE
MICROSCOPE

2. PRESENTED BY
 Priyanka Guleria
(B120030083)
 Pushpinder Singh Sidhu
(B120030085)
 Rajat Chandel
(B120030087)
 Rajbir
(B120030091)

3. CONTENTS
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Introduction……
Overview of benefits and limits……
System design……
Construction……
Cellphone microscopic images……
Uses……
Different applications……
Future work……
Conclusion……
References……

4. INTRODUCTION
 Today, an estimated six billion cellphone subscriptions
exist worldwide with about 70% of those in developing
countries.
 Developing countries often suffer from a lack of access to
adequate healthcare, which is due to the cost and training
associated with high-tech scientific instruments required
for medical analysis.
 Thus, scientists present a low-cost portable microscope
that uses a cellphone camera and a simple, secondary lens
that is placed on top of the specimen.
 Cellphone microscopes provide a unique opportunity to
make disease diagnosis and healthcare accessible to
everyone, even in remote and undeveloped parts of the
world.

5.  Starting in 2008, mobile computational photography has
reached a tipping point and, largely due to the enabling
capabilities of cellphone cameras, various approaches to
cellphone microscopy have started to appear.
 Cellphone microscope enables visualization of samples,
followed by capture, organization, and transmission of
images critical for diagnosis.

6. OVERVIEW OF BENEFITS AND
LIMITATIONS
 Cost-effective: Only a single lens is required in addition
to a cellphone camera.So its cheap.
 Non-intrusive: setup does not require intrusive
modification of the phone.
 Flexibility: detached camera-lens configuration allows
any camera to be used for microscopy.
 Minimal computation: We do not require extensive postprocessing, as e.g. holographic approaches.
 Computational illumination: Using a second cellphone
display as the background illumination allows enhanced
microscopic images to be captured.

7.  Network connectivity.
 Potential to significantly contribute to the technology
available for global healthcare, particularly in the
developing world and rural areas.

8. SYSTEM DESIGN
 Our cellphone camera consists of a specimen, an objective
lens, and a cellphone camera.
 The objective lens is mounted at its focal distance to the
specimen and acts as a lens for flat samples.
 The camera is focused at infinity.
 The optical magnification M of the system is independent
of the distance between camera and sample; it only
depends on the ratio of the focal lengths of camera and
objective lens:
M = fc/fo

9.  Due to our unique configuration, the camera can be freely
moved around the objective lens so as to capture different
viewpoints.
 Our setup is much more legible by detaching the phone
camera from the objective lens, thereby allowing any
available cellphone to capture microscopic imagery.
 It does no require any additional optical elements to be
mounted on the camera itself.

10. CONSTRUCTION
 Insert your objective lens in the rubber tube and fix it.
 Use pieces of electrical tape to hold the lens in place.
 Create a stand to light and hold a microscope slide. The
stand will enable you to keep the cell phone microscope as
still as possible while testing it.
 Use scissors to make two notches directly across from each
other on the side and bottom of the paper tube.
 To create the light source, strip off 1 cm of the plastic
insulator with the wire stripper from both ends of the two
lengths of electrical wire.

11.  over the lighted specimen on the microscope stand.
 Insert the flashlight bulb into the base with the battery.
 Set the paper tube over the bulb so that the wires come
through the notches.
 Place the prepared microscope slide specimen on top of the
paper tube so that the light is shining through it.

12.  Turn on the cell phone microscope by activating the cell
phone's camera function and place the iris of the cell phone
microscope directly .
 Place the prepared microscope slide specimen on top of the
paper tube so that the light is shining through it.
 Turn on the cell phone microscope by activating the cell
phone's camera function and place the iris of the cell phone
microscope directly over the lighted specimen on the
microscope stand.

13. CELLPHONE MICROSCOPIC IMAGES
captured by scientists in
MIT Media Lab

15. PANORAMIC IMAGING.

16. MOBILE MICROSCOPY
Healthcare worker
Clinical expert
Patient
ABL
Hospital

17. WHY WE USED THE CONVEX
LENS
 The convex lenses can be used in magnifying glasses.
 They are thicker in the centre than in the edges.
 Convex mirrors are used as streetlight reflectors as they
spread light over greater area.
 The focal length is positive, and is the distance at which a
beam of light will be focused to a single spot.

18. USES AND APPLICATIONS
 Used to examine blood samples in the field and help spot
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some of the world's deadliest diseases.
And uses the built-in camera to process the images,
allowing doctors to quickly screen for diseases including
TB and sickle-cell.
Doctors can perform complex high-resolution light
microscopy on a blood or sputum sample placed on a slide.
Used to see the more magnified images of the substance.
The microscope helps reveal intestinal worms in
schoolchildren.

19.  Scientists, engineers, and researchers use microscopes to
get more information about the specimens they study.
 Investigate the silt deposits in different regions of a stream
using your cell phone microscope.
 To measure the dimensions of small objects .
 Preparation of own microscope specimen slides.

20. FUTURE WORK
 Research is going on for making it useful for learning about
the more sophisticated illuminations in future.
 Planning for the diagnosis of other urine and blood
diseases and classifying them , using cell microscopy.
 Looking at other medical gadgets and trying to make them
entirely digital , like this cellphone microscopy technique.

21. CONCLUSION
 Cellphones are widely available, especially in developing
parts of the world.
 These devices can be converted into scientific instruments
for microscopic imaging.
 Equipped with wireless network connections, cellphones
also allow the transmission of recorded data for remote
analysis or statistical inference.
 It has the potential to make disease diagnosis and
screening accessible in parts of the world that have no
adequate access to healthcare.

22. REFERENCES
 http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/03/diy-cellphone
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microscope/
allafrica.com/stories/201304190125.html
www.scidev.net › Home › New Technologies › News
cellscope.berkeley.edu/
www.technologyreview.com
www.smartplanet.com/blog/pure-genius/new-in-telemedicine-thecell-phone-microscope/4141
 www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qcJySNLs84
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 scibuddy@sciencebuddies.org.