The document outlines a lesson plan focused on exploring cells using a compound microscope, emphasizing the identification and description of major organelles in plant and animal cells. The goals include demonstrating proper microscope handling, preparing slides, and understanding cellular structures through practical laboratory activities. Students will engage in both theoretical and hands-on learning to appreciate the complexity of cellular biology.

1. Exploring the Microscopic
World of Cells

2. Exploring the Microscopic World of
Cells
CONTENT
Familiarity and proper use of a
compound microscope are essential to
observe cells.
LEARNING
STANDARD
Use proper techniques in observing and
identifying the parts of a cell with a
microscope such as the cell membrane,
nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria,
chloroplasts, and ribosomes;
LEARNING
COMPETENCY

3. By the end of the lesson, the 80 percent of
the learners will be able to:
1. Identify and describe the major organelles of a plant or
animal cell, including the cell membrane, nucleus,
cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and ribosomes.
2. Demonstrate proper microscope handling and slide
preparation techniques.
3. Appreciate the complexity and diversity of cellular
structures by answering the reflection of learning.
OBJECTIVES

4. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
_UCL_US
It controls all the activities of the cell.

5. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
CY_OPL_ _M
It is where all the organelle is located.

6. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
V_CUOL_
It holds water, food and waste materials.

7. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
CH_ORO_LAS_
It is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

8. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
CELL WA_ _
It provides support, protection, and
shape to the plant cell.

9. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
NUCLEUS
It controls all the activities of the cell.

10. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
CYTOPLASM
It is where all the organelle is located.

11. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
VACUOLE
It holds water, food and waste materials.

12. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
CHLOROPLAST
It is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

13. I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
CELL WALL
It provides support, protection, and
shape to the plant cell.

14. 1. Identify and describe the major organelles of a plant or
animal cell, including the cell membrane, nucleus,
cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and ribosomes.
2. Demonstrate proper microscope handling and slide
preparation techniques.
3. Appreciate the complexity and diversity of cellular
structures by answering the reflection of learning.
B. Establishing Purpose of the Lesson
1. LESSON PURPOSE

15. B. Establishing Purpose of the Lesson
2. Unlocking Content Vocabulary: Match Type Activity
Prokaryotes
Eukaryote
Nucleus
C. Single-celled organisms that lack a true
nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Examples include bacteria and archaea.
B. A type of cell that has a true nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles.
D. The membrane-bound organelle in
eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic
material and directs the cell's activities.
Cells
A. The basic unit of structure and function in
living organisms.

16. B. Establishing Purpose of the Lesson
2. Unlocking Content Vocabulary: Match Type Activity
Prokaryotes
Eukaryote
Nucleus
C. Single-celled organisms that lack a true
nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Examples include bacteria and archaea.
B. A type of cell that has a true nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles.
D. The membrane-bound organelle in
eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic
material and directs the cell's activities.
Cells
A. The basic unit of structure and function in
living organisms.

17. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
1. CELL
WALL
Rigid, tough,
made of
cellulose
Protects and
supports the cell
Plant

18. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
2.
CYTOPLASM
Jelly like
substance that
contains
organelles
Pads and
supports
organelles inside
the cell.
Both

19. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
3. NUCLEUS Dense, ball
shaped
structure,
contains DNA
Controls all of
the cell’s
activities
Both

20. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
4. ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
Clear, tubular
system of
tunnels
throughout the
cell
Transports
materials like
proteins around
the cell
Both

21. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
5. RIBOSOME Small specks made
of RNA. Found in
cytoplasm or on the
endoplasmic
reticulum
Makes proteins Both

22. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
6.
MITOCHONDRI
A
Location in the
cytoplasm, bean
shaped.
Supplies energy or
ATP for the cell
through cell
respiration using
glucose and
oxygen.
Both

23. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
7. VACUOLE Large open
storage area,
smaller in animal
cells
Storage tank for
food, water,
wastes or
enzymes
Both

24. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
8.
CHLORO
PLAST
Green structures
that contain
chlorophyll.
Captures sunlight
and uses it to
produce food
through
photosynthesis.
Plant

25. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
9.
GOLGI BODY
Small bags with
tubes connecting
them.
Packages and
secrets proteins
for use in and
out of the cell.
Both

26. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
1. Carrying the Microscope
▪ Grasp the microscope by the arm or
base, not the eyepiece.
▪ Hold the microscope close to your
body for stability.
▪ Avoid swinging or jerking the
microscope as you carry it.
▪ Set the microscope down gently on a
stable, level surface.
Demonstrating Microscope Handling:

27. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
2. Adjusting the Microscope
▪ Start with the lowest power objective lens
(e.g., 4x or 10x).
▪ Use the coarse adjustment knob to quickly
bring the stage into focus.
▪ Switch to the fine adjustment knob to refine
the focus.
▪ Rotate the nosepiece to change objective
lenses, being careful not to hit the slide.
▪ Adjust the interpupillary distance of the
eyepieces to match your eyes.
Demonstrating Microscope Handling:

28. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
3. Focusing the Microscope
▪ Place the prepared slide on the stage and
secure it with the stage clips.
▪ Start with the lowest power objective and bring
the specimen into view.
▪ Use the coarse adjustment knob to get a
rough focus.
▪ Switch to the fine adjustment knob to sharpen
the image.
▪ Make small, incremental turns of the fine
adjustment until the specimen is in clear
focus.
Demonstrating Microscope Handling:

29. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Worked Example
Picture Analysis: Plant and Animal Cells. The students
collaboratively List down the difference between plant
and animal cells.

30. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Lesson Activity
Laboratory Activity on the Observing Plant and Animal
Cell:
The students will perform the laboratory activity to view
plant and animal cells using the microscope.
Objectives:
▪ To prepare and observe slides of plant and animal cells.
▪ To identify the differences and similarities between
plant and animal cells.
▪ To understand the basic cell structures.

31. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Lesson Activity
Laboratory Activity on the Observing Plant and Animal
Cell:
Materials:
✔ Microscopes
✔ Prepared slides of plant cells (onion epidermis) and animal cells
(cheek cells)
✔ Glass slides
✔ Coverslips
✔ Iodine solution (for plant cells staining)
✔ Methylene blue solution (for animal cell staining)
✔ Toothpicks
✔ Dropper
✔ Tweezers
✔ Paper towels

32. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Lesson Activity
Laboratory Activity on the Observing Plant and Animal
Cell:
Procedure:
A. Preparing Plant Cell (Onion Epidermis)
1. Peel a thin layer of epidermis from the inner side of an onion using
tweezers.
2. Place the onion epidermis flat on a glass slide.
3. Add a drop of iodine solution to the onion epidermis.
4. Carefully place a coverslip over the specimen to avoid air bubbles.
5. Use a paper towel to draw the stain under the coverslip if necessary.
6. Observe the slide under the microscope, starting with the lowest
magnification and moving to higher magnifications.
7. Draw the observed structures and label the cell wall, cell membrane,
nucleus, and cytoplasm.

33. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Lesson Activity
Laboratory Activity on the Observing Plant and Animal
Cell:
Procedure:
B. Preparing Animal Cell (Cheek Cells)
1. Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with a clean toothpick.
2. Smear the collected cells onto a blank microscope slide.
3. Add a drop of methylene blue solution to the cells to spread them thinly on
the slide.
4. Carefully place a coverslip over the specimen.
5. Use a paper towel to draw the stain under the coverslip if necessary.
6. Observe the slide under the microscope, starting with the lowest
magnification and moving to higher magnifications.
7. Draw the observed structures and label the cell membrane, nucleus, and
cytoplasm.

34. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Lesson Activity
Laboratory Activity on the Observing Plant and Animal
Cell:
Discussion Questions:
1. What are the main structural differences between plant and animal cells
observed
under the microscope?
2. Why do plant cells have a cell wall, and what is its function?
3. What is the purpose of staining the cells with iodine solution and methylene
blue?
4. How does the shape of the cells differ between plant and animal cells, and
why?

35. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Lesson Activity
Venn Diagram: Students will use a Venn Diagram to
differentiate plant and animal cells.

36. D. MAKING GENERALIZATION
Reflection on Learning
One Minute Paper: Using
the graphic organizer,
reflect on your learning
by creating a
one-minute paper by
answering the questions.

37. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 1. Which of the following is the
control center of the cell?
a. Cytoplasm
b. Nucleus
c. Cell membrane
d. Mitochondria

38. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 2. The organelle responsible for
energy production in the cell is the:
a. Chloroplast
b. Ribosome
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum

39. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 3. Which of these structures is
found in both plant and animal cells?
a. Cell wall
b. Chloroplast
c. Nucleus
d. All of the above

40. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 4. The thin, selective barrier that
controls what enters and leaves the cell is
the:
a. Cell wall
b. Cell membrane
c. Cytoplasm
d. Nucleus

41. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 5. Structures that translate
genetic information into proteins are called:
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosomes
c. Chloroplasts
d. Endoplasmic reticulum

42. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 6. Which organelle is
responsible for photosynthesis in plant
cells?
a. Nucleus
b. Chloroplast
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum

43. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 7. The jelly-like substance that
fills the cell and supports its structures is
called:
a. Cell wall
b. Cell membrane
c. Cytoplasm
d. Nucleus

44. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 8. Which of the following is the correct
order for focusing a microscope?
a. Coarse adjustment, fine adjustment, low power
objective
b. Low power objective, coarse adjustment, fine
adjustment
c. Fine adjustment, coarse adjustment, low
power objective
d. Low power objective, fine adjustment, coarse
adjustment

45. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 9. When preparing a wet mount slide,
the purpose of the coverslip is to:
a. Hold the specimen in place
b. Provide additional magnification
c. Prevent air bubbles from forming
d. All of the above

46. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 10. Which of these is an important step
in caring for a microscope?
a. Cleaning the lenses with water
b. Storing the microscope in direct sunlight
c. Gently wiping the lenses with a tissue
d. Touching the lenses with your fingers

47. E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
Answer Key:
1. b. Nucleus
2. c. Mitochondria
3. d. All of the above
4. b. Cell membrane
5. b. Ribosomes
6. b. Chloroplast
7. c. Cytoplasm
8. b. Low power objective, coarse adjustment, fine adjustment
9. d. All of the above
10. c. Gently wiping the lenses with a tissue

48. Reference :
•SCIENCE 7 LESSON EXEMPLAR
Textbooks:ience education websites (e.g., Khan Academy, Exploratorium, PBS Learning Media)
Microscope manufacturer websites (e.g., Leica, Nikon, Olympus)
University biology
"Biology" by Campbell and Reece
"Principles of Anatomy and Physiology" by Tortora and Derrickson
"Molecular Biology of the Cell" by Alberts et al.
Scientific Journals:
"The American Biology Teacher"
"Journal of Biological Education"
"CBE—Life Sciences Education"
Online Resources:
Scdepartment websites and course materials