The document summarizes two scientific studies about differences in immune cells between children and adults. The first study found that CD4 T-cells in children secrete lower levels of cytokines needed to fight infections than adult immune cells. This may explain why children are more susceptible to illness. The second study discovered a protein that causes T-cells to divide asymmetrically, generating cells with different characteristics, and this process could be targeted to improve cancer immunotherapy by helping anti-tumor cells remain in the body longer. The research contributes to developing better vaccines and therapies to prevent or treat diseases by increasing understanding of immune systems and cell functions.

1. CELL EVOLUTION
PAULINA CAMPO GIRÓN
MEDICINE STUDENT

4. INTRODUCTION
Cell is the starting
point of science,
becoming the key to
the study of diseases in
humans.
For example the
differences between
the immune cells of
children and adults
who explains the
susceptibility of the
first one.

5. KEY DIFFERENCE IN IMMUNE CELLS MAY EXPLAIN
CHILDREN’S INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ILLNESS
Federation of American Societies for Experimental
Biology.
(2016, July 1)

6. KEY DIFFERENCE IN IMMUNE CELLS MAY
EXPLAIN CHILDREN’S INCREASED
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ILLNESS
CD4 T cells in children are
not yet able to fight against
infections as adults do it.

7. KEY DIFFERENCE IN IMMUNE CELLS MAY
EXPLAIN CHILDREN’S INCREASED
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ILLNESS
The antiviral cytokine secreted by
CD4 T cells in young mice had a
lower level than in adults.

8. KEY DIFFERENCE IN IMMUNE CELLS MAY
EXPLAIN CHILDREN’S INCREASED
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ILLNESS
After the discovery
researches can conduct
more studies, even to
know how modify it.

9. KEY DIFFERENCE IN IMMUNE CELLS MAY
EXPLAIN CHILDREN’S INCREASED
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ILLNESS
STUDENT’S OBSERVATION:
This discovery is very important
because scientists can focus their
research on trying to develop new and
better ways to strengthen immunity
of children against pathogens that
most affect them. For example to
develop or to modify vaccines to
defend the body of these viruses as
adults do.

10. DIVIDING T CELLS: A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR
IMPROVING CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY
Johns Hopkins Medicine.
(2016, July 1).

11. DIVIDING T CELLS: A POTENTIAL TARGET
FOR IMPROVING CANCER
IMMUNOTHERAPY
mTOR makes the cell divides
asymmetrically generating different
characteristics in each one.

12. DIVIDING T CELLS: A POTENTIAL TARGET
FOR IMPROVING CANCER
IMMUNOTHERAPY
They say they need to find the
way anti-tumor T cells remain
in the body longer.

13. DIVIDING T CELLS: A POTENTIAL TARGET
FOR IMPROVING CANCER
IMMUNOTHERAPY
Researchers say the
discovery could be util in
others biological systems,
not only in the field of
immunotherapy.

14. DIVIDING T CELLS: A POTENTIAL TARGET
FOR IMPROVING CANCER
IMMUNOTHERAPY
STUDENT’S OBSERVATION:
I think this research is very important
because it opens a new field of study to
treat cancer, it help in the
immunotherapy who already have the
disease and on the other hand opens
the possibility for further research to
prevent it.

15. MEDICAL UTILITY

16. MEDICAL UTILITY
Research contribute to the
search for better therapies,
vaccines or medications to
help prevent or improve
treatments.

17. MEDICAL UTILITY
The studies provide the
basis for others future
investigations broaden
knowledge about
therapy and the
children's immune
system.

18. MEDICAL UTILITY
Cell function is the basis for
all processes in the body,
so the more we investigate,
the more likely it is to find
solution to the questions
that are still in medicine.

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (2016, July 1). Key difference in
immune cells may explain children's increased susceptibility to illness: CD4 T-cells in the
immune systems of young mice secrete lower levels of the cytokine needed for CD4 T-cell
survival during infection than in older mice. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 12, 2016 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/07/160701120402.htm
 Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2016, July 1). Dividing T cells: A potential target for improving cancer
immunotherapy: Mouse studies of 'asymmetric division' of immune T cells may also shed light
on how stem cells differentiate. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 12, 2016 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/07/160701142326.htm