CEE 12.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•24 views
The annual direct costs of a plant operating at 70% capacity are $280,000 and fixed costs are $200,000. To calculate the break-even point in units, total annual sales of $560,000 at $40 per unit are used along with the total costs of $280,000 + $200,000 = $480,000. At 100% capacity, the annual gross earnings and net profit are calculated based on a tax structure of 15% on the first $50,000 of earnings, 25% from $50,000 to $75,000, 34% above $75,000, and 5% from $100,000 to $335,000.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
PEEM 5.pptx
This document outlines the key stages in a project initiation and engineering process. It discusses project licensing, conceptual design, basic engineering, front-end engineering design, and detailed engineering. It also covers types of project cost estimates including order of magnitude estimates (+/- 60%), study estimates (+/- 30%), preliminary estimates (+/- 20%), definitive estimates (+/- 10%), and detailed estimates (+/- 5%). Accurate cost estimates are important for assessing funding needs, economic viability, and avoiding under- or over-funding of projects.
PEEM 4.pptx
The document discusses various aspects of project initiation and feasibility studies. It describes the types of feasibility studies conducted including technical, economic, environmental and marketing feasibility. It also outlines the project selection criteria and techniques used such as net present value, internal rate of return and payback period. The stages of engineering design from conceptual to detailed engineering are defined.
PEEM 3.pptx
The document provides an overview of project management concepts including:
- Defining a project and project management
- The typical project life cycle and types of projects
- Key responsibilities and skills of a project manager like credibility, sensitivity, leadership, and stress handling
- Project initiation involves feasibility studies to evaluate ideas and select projects based on criteria before basic engineering and ensuring resources are available.
PEEM 2.pptx
This document provides an introduction to project management. It defines a project as a temporary endeavor with a start and finish date, undertaken to create a unique product or service. Project management involves planning, organizing, monitoring, and controlling all aspects of a project to meet objectives. The project life cycle consists of stages that may overlap and vary in duration. Common project types include construction, manufacturing, and management projects. The role of a project manager is to direct resources through the project life to achieve goals related to scope, cost, time, quality and satisfaction.
PEEM 1.pptx
This document provides an overview of Project Engineering and Entrepreneurship Management. It discusses key concepts like the definition of a project, project management, and the project life cycle. The document is divided into 6 modules that cover topics such as project initiation, planning, scheduling, monitoring, and entrepreneurship. It also defines what constitutes a project, project management, and their characteristics. The overall goal is to introduce fundamental project management principles.
CEE 20.pptx
The company is considering three alternative investments that provide the same service. To determine which investment to accept, if any, the company will evaluate the investments based on their (a) rate of return on initial investment, (b) minimum payout period with no interest charge, (c) discounted cash flow, (d) net present worth, and (e) capitalized costs. The company requires a minimum annual return of 15% after taxes for any investment and will use straight-line depreciation and end-of-year cost and profit analysis in the evaluation.
CEE 19.pptx
The document discusses principles for evaluating alternative investments when multiple options are available that provide equivalent functional results but differ in their required capital investment and ongoing expenses. It provides guidelines for systematically comparing investment options on an incremental basis to identify the most profitable alternative. This includes recommending the investment with the minimum required capital that provides the necessary results and required rate of return, unless a specific reason exists to accept an alternative requiring more initial capital that offers an acceptable incremental return.
CEE 18.pptx
A chemical plant needs to concentrate a caustic soda liquor and must choose between a single-effect or multiple-effect evaporator. There are four potential designs to recover waste heat, ranging in initial investment from $30,000 to $70,000. The design with an investment of $50,000 that yields a 20% return should be recommended, as it has the lowest investment of the designs that meet or exceed the required 10% minimum return. Incremental investments should only be considered if they provide an adequate incremental return compared to the next lowest investment option.
Recommended
PEEM 5.pptx
This document outlines the key stages in a project initiation and engineering process. It discusses project licensing, conceptual design, basic engineering, front-end engineering design, and detailed engineering. It also covers types of project cost estimates including order of magnitude estimates (+/- 60%), study estimates (+/- 30%), preliminary estimates (+/- 20%), definitive estimates (+/- 10%), and detailed estimates (+/- 5%). Accurate cost estimates are important for assessing funding needs, economic viability, and avoiding under- or over-funding of projects.
PEEM 4.pptx
The document discusses various aspects of project initiation and feasibility studies. It describes the types of feasibility studies conducted including technical, economic, environmental and marketing feasibility. It also outlines the project selection criteria and techniques used such as net present value, internal rate of return and payback period. The stages of engineering design from conceptual to detailed engineering are defined.
PEEM 3.pptx
The document provides an overview of project management concepts including:
- Defining a project and project management
- The typical project life cycle and types of projects
- Key responsibilities and skills of a project manager like credibility, sensitivity, leadership, and stress handling
- Project initiation involves feasibility studies to evaluate ideas and select projects based on criteria before basic engineering and ensuring resources are available.
PEEM 2.pptx
This document provides an introduction to project management. It defines a project as a temporary endeavor with a start and finish date, undertaken to create a unique product or service. Project management involves planning, organizing, monitoring, and controlling all aspects of a project to meet objectives. The project life cycle consists of stages that may overlap and vary in duration. Common project types include construction, manufacturing, and management projects. The role of a project manager is to direct resources through the project life to achieve goals related to scope, cost, time, quality and satisfaction.
PEEM 1.pptx
This document provides an overview of Project Engineering and Entrepreneurship Management. It discusses key concepts like the definition of a project, project management, and the project life cycle. The document is divided into 6 modules that cover topics such as project initiation, planning, scheduling, monitoring, and entrepreneurship. It also defines what constitutes a project, project management, and their characteristics. The overall goal is to introduce fundamental project management principles.
CEE 20.pptx
The company is considering three alternative investments that provide the same service. To determine which investment to accept, if any, the company will evaluate the investments based on their (a) rate of return on initial investment, (b) minimum payout period with no interest charge, (c) discounted cash flow, (d) net present worth, and (e) capitalized costs. The company requires a minimum annual return of 15% after taxes for any investment and will use straight-line depreciation and end-of-year cost and profit analysis in the evaluation.
CEE 19.pptx
The document discusses principles for evaluating alternative investments when multiple options are available that provide equivalent functional results but differ in their required capital investment and ongoing expenses. It provides guidelines for systematically comparing investment options on an incremental basis to identify the most profitable alternative. This includes recommending the investment with the minimum required capital that provides the necessary results and required rate of return, unless a specific reason exists to accept an alternative requiring more initial capital that offers an acceptable incremental return.
CEE 18.pptx
A chemical plant needs to concentrate a caustic soda liquor and must choose between a single-effect or multiple-effect evaporator. There are four potential designs to recover waste heat, ranging in initial investment from $30,000 to $70,000. The design with an investment of $50,000 that yields a 20% return should be recommended, as it has the lowest investment of the designs that meet or exceed the required 10% minimum return. Incremental investments should only be considered if they provide an adequate incremental return compared to the next lowest investment option.
CEE 17.pptx
This document discusses various methods for evaluating the profitability of potential investments and projects. It describes profitability, the need to consider alternative investments and returns, and minimum profitability standards. Key methods for evaluating project profitability discussed include total profit, return on investment, discounted cash flow, net present worth, capitalized costs, and payout period. The document provides examples of calculating return on investment both before and after taxes, and incorporating a minimum required profit. Overall it aims to explain the importance of profitability analysis and various quantitative techniques for assessing potential investments.
Cost & Asset Accounting.pptx
Here are the calculations using the three different methods:
(a) Current-average method:
- Total kg purchased: 10,000 + 8,000 + 6,000 = 24,000 kg
- Total cost: 10,000 * $0.030 + 8,000 * $0.028 + 6,000 * $0.031 = $720 + $224 + $186 = $1,130
- Average cost per kg = Total cost / Total kg = $1,130 / 24,000 = $0.0471 per kg
- Cost of 12,000 kg at average cost = 12,000 * $0.0471 = $564
(b) FIFO method:
CEE 16.pptx
This document provides an overview of demand and supply analysis, including:
1. It defines the law of demand and law of supply, stating that demand is inversely related to price while supply is directly related.
2. It lists the assumptions of each law, such as income, tastes, and prices of substitutes remaining constant.
3. It discusses exceptions to the laws, like Giffen goods or expectations about future prices.
4. It explains key concepts like demand and supply schedules, demand and supply curves, and determinants that impact demand and supply.
CEE 15.pptx
The document discusses several key concepts related to economics of production and growth including: production functions, diseconomies of scale, features of economic growth such as increasing output through more/better resources, barriers to growth like poor infrastructure, the difference between economic growth and development, determinants of growth, stages of growth, and growth strategies like balanced/unbalanced growth and big push strategies.
CEE 14.pptx
This document provides an introduction to basic economic concepts including definitions of economics, the concept of needs and markets. It discusses different types of markets such as perfect competition and monopoly. It also covers the concepts of price discrimination, costs including total, fixed and variable costs. Price discrimination is defined as charging different prices for the same good or service. The three types of price discrimination - first degree, second degree and third degree - are explained.
CEE 13.pptx
There are different types of capital cost estimates for a process project ranging from a predesign estimate with little information to a detailed estimate based on complete drawings and specifications. Estimates fall into five categories - order-of-magnitude, study, preliminary, definitive, and detailed - with varying levels of accuracy depending on the stage of project development, from ±30% accuracy for order-of-magnitude and study estimates to ±5% accuracy for detailed estimates.
CEE 11.pptx
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Break-even point calculation:
- Direct production costs at 70% capacity = $280,000
- Fixed costs = $200,000
- Total costs = $280,000 + $200,000 = $480,000
- Sales at break-even = Total costs = $480,000
- Sales are $40 per unit
- So units at break-even = $480,000 / $40 = 12,000 units
2) Gross earnings and net profit at 100% capacity:
- Capacity = 14,000 units (12,000 units / 0.7 = 14,000 units at 100%)
- Sales =
CEE 10.pptx
The document discusses different types of capital cost estimates for chemical processes at various stages of development:
1. Order-of-magnitude estimates based on similar past costs have an accuracy of ±30%.
2. Study estimates based on major equipment knowledge have an accuracy up to ±30%.
3. Preliminary estimates with budgetable data have an accuracy within +20%.
4. Definitive estimates with almost complete data before drawings have an accuracy within ±10%.
5. Detailed estimates based on complete drawings and specs have an accuracy within +5%.
CEE 8.pptx
The document discusses methods for estimating total product costs for a manufacturing plant. It describes how total product costs are calculated and categorized, including manufacturing costs and general expenses. Manufacturing costs include direct production costs, fixed charges, and plant overhead costs. Direct production costs make up the largest portion at 66% of total product costs and include raw materials, labor, utilities, and maintenance. The document provides examples and percentages for how different cost elements are typically estimated within each category of total product costs.
CEE 7.pptx
This document provides information on estimating costs for process plants, including:
- Total capital investment (TCI) includes fixed capital investment (FCI) and working capital (WC)
- Fixed capital investment includes direct costs like equipment and buildings, and indirect costs like engineering
- Total product cost includes direct production costs, fixed charges, overhead, and general expenses
- Various methods are described to estimate costs at different stages of a project from preliminary to detailed
- Examples are given to calculate costs based on information like annual production, sales price, raw material costs
CEE 6.pptx
Here are the steps to estimate the manufacturing cost per 100 kg of product:
1. Raw material cost = $0.25/kg x 100 kg = $25
2. Utilities cost
- Steam = 50 kg/kg x $0.05/kg = $2.5
- Electric power = 0.9 kWh/kg x $0.1/kWh = $0.09
- Water = 0.083 m3/kg x $1/m3 = $0.083
- Total utilities = $2.5 + $0.09 + $0.083 = $2.633
3. Labor cost
- No. of employees per shift = 12
- W
CEE 5.pptx
This document discusses cost estimation and cash flow analysis for industrial projects. It explains that cash flows for income and expenses can be considered continuous rates over time. Depreciation is recognized as a cost before taxes and profits. A cash flow diagram shows income, operating costs, depreciation, taxes, and net profits over the estimated life of a project. The diagram illustrates that total capital investment is paid off through cash flows from profits over 5 years, and then additional profits accumulate until the end of the 10-year project life. The final cash position results in a net profit over the life of the project.
CEE 4.pptx
This document discusses cost estimation for capital projects. It explains that fixed capital for equipment can be considered instantaneous while payments are spread over construction. Working capital is needed continuously to account for irregular income and costs. Cash flows in as income and out as operating costs. Profits are income minus costs, while depreciation and taxes are later deducted from profits. Fixed capital investment includes direct costs for equipment and indirect non-manufacturing costs like buildings. Working capital covers inventory, receivables, payables, and cash for expenses. The ratio of working capital to total investment varies by industry and demand seasonality.
CEE 3.pptx
This document discusses cost estimation and cash flow diagrams for industrial projects. It explains that a tree diagram can be used to represent the flow of capital for an industrial operation. The total capital investment includes fixed capital for equipment and facilities as well as working capital. Cash flows into the project from capital sources and outputs include capital investments, dividends, and debt repayment. The document also provides details on calculating fixed capital investment, working capital investment, and developing cash flow diagrams to analyze the cumulative cash position over the lifetime of an industrial project.
CEE 2.pptx
This document discusses methods for estimating capital costs for new industrial projects. It outlines the types of capital required, including land, machinery, equipment, facilities, and expenses before sales begin. Estimates can be based on equipment costs and range from order-of-magnitude estimates with +/- 30% accuracy to detailed estimates based on engineering drawings with +/- 5% accuracy. Cost indexes are used to update past cost data to current prices. Common indexes include Marshall & Swift, Engineering News-Record, and Chemical Engineering plant cost indexes. Scaling relationships can estimate equipment costs when exact data is not available based on a six-tenth factor rule relating capacity and cost.
CEE 1.pptx
This document outlines the modules covered in a chemical engineering economics course. The modules include introductions to basic economic principles, demand and supply analysis, production and economic growth, cost accounting, interest and investment costs, taxes and insurance, cost estimation, and profitability analysis and alternative investments. Specific topics covered within these modules include market structures, price determination, cost concepts, demand and supply curves, production functions, accounting procedures, time value of money, tax types, cost estimation methods, and mathematical profitability evaluation methods.
PEEM.pptx
This document discusses various project clearances and approvals required in India. It outlines that soil investigation reports are necessary for designing foundations and structures. It also discusses clearances that were previously required under the MRTP Act but are no longer mandatory. While most industries are now exempt from licenses, some pollution-causing or large projects still require an industrial license. It provides a list of industries that require a license. The document also discusses the process of obtaining a Letter of Intent, approval for foreign collaboration and consultants, and foreign exchange clearances.
RADIATIVE-HEAT-TRANSFER.ppt
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted by bodies due to their temperature. Radiative heat transfer depends on the temperature, nature, and state of the emitting surface. The wavelength of thermal radiation ranges from 0.1 to 100 μm. Black bodies are ideal absorbers that absorb all radiation, while real bodies absorb partially. The total radiation emitted by a black body is directly proportional to its absolute temperature raised to the fourth power, as described by Stefan-Boltzman's law. The wavelength of maximum emission shifts to shorter wavelengths as temperature increases, according to Wien's displacement law.
Alternative Investment.pptx
The document discusses several methods for comparing alternative investments that require different initial capital amounts but may yield different returns. It provides examples to illustrate how to evaluate alternative investments based on return on incremental investment. The key considerations are to only invest additional capital if the incremental return meets the minimum required threshold. Alternative investments should be compared based on the return of the incremental investment required rather than the total returns alone.
GT&P L2.pptx
Green fuels provide social, economic, and environmental benefits but also have some impacts. Socially, they create local jobs, improve health, and give consumers more choice. Economically, they utilize local resources and labor to boost local economies. Environmentally, they reduce pollution and greenhouse gases compared to conventional fuels. However, different technologies have varying social impacts - for example, hydro and geothermal can cause displacement or seismic activity, while solar and wind have minimal effects. Overall green fuels enhance sustainability if properly planned and managed with local needs in mind.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
More Related Content
More from PradeepTalwelkar
CEE 17.pptx
This document discusses various methods for evaluating the profitability of potential investments and projects. It describes profitability, the need to consider alternative investments and returns, and minimum profitability standards. Key methods for evaluating project profitability discussed include total profit, return on investment, discounted cash flow, net present worth, capitalized costs, and payout period. The document provides examples of calculating return on investment both before and after taxes, and incorporating a minimum required profit. Overall it aims to explain the importance of profitability analysis and various quantitative techniques for assessing potential investments.
Cost & Asset Accounting.pptx
Here are the calculations using the three different methods:
(a) Current-average method:
- Total kg purchased: 10,000 + 8,000 + 6,000 = 24,000 kg
- Total cost: 10,000 * $0.030 + 8,000 * $0.028 + 6,000 * $0.031 = $720 + $224 + $186 = $1,130
- Average cost per kg = Total cost / Total kg = $1,130 / 24,000 = $0.0471 per kg
- Cost of 12,000 kg at average cost = 12,000 * $0.0471 = $564
(b) FIFO method:
CEE 16.pptx
This document provides an overview of demand and supply analysis, including:
1. It defines the law of demand and law of supply, stating that demand is inversely related to price while supply is directly related.
2. It lists the assumptions of each law, such as income, tastes, and prices of substitutes remaining constant.
3. It discusses exceptions to the laws, like Giffen goods or expectations about future prices.
4. It explains key concepts like demand and supply schedules, demand and supply curves, and determinants that impact demand and supply.
CEE 15.pptx
The document discusses several key concepts related to economics of production and growth including: production functions, diseconomies of scale, features of economic growth such as increasing output through more/better resources, barriers to growth like poor infrastructure, the difference between economic growth and development, determinants of growth, stages of growth, and growth strategies like balanced/unbalanced growth and big push strategies.
CEE 14.pptx
This document provides an introduction to basic economic concepts including definitions of economics, the concept of needs and markets. It discusses different types of markets such as perfect competition and monopoly. It also covers the concepts of price discrimination, costs including total, fixed and variable costs. Price discrimination is defined as charging different prices for the same good or service. The three types of price discrimination - first degree, second degree and third degree - are explained.
CEE 13.pptx
There are different types of capital cost estimates for a process project ranging from a predesign estimate with little information to a detailed estimate based on complete drawings and specifications. Estimates fall into five categories - order-of-magnitude, study, preliminary, definitive, and detailed - with varying levels of accuracy depending on the stage of project development, from ±30% accuracy for order-of-magnitude and study estimates to ±5% accuracy for detailed estimates.
CEE 11.pptx
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Break-even point calculation:
- Direct production costs at 70% capacity = $280,000
- Fixed costs = $200,000
- Total costs = $280,000 + $200,000 = $480,000
- Sales at break-even = Total costs = $480,000
- Sales are $40 per unit
- So units at break-even = $480,000 / $40 = 12,000 units
2) Gross earnings and net profit at 100% capacity:
- Capacity = 14,000 units (12,000 units / 0.7 = 14,000 units at 100%)
- Sales =
CEE 10.pptx
The document discusses different types of capital cost estimates for chemical processes at various stages of development:
1. Order-of-magnitude estimates based on similar past costs have an accuracy of ±30%.
2. Study estimates based on major equipment knowledge have an accuracy up to ±30%.
3. Preliminary estimates with budgetable data have an accuracy within +20%.
4. Definitive estimates with almost complete data before drawings have an accuracy within ±10%.
5. Detailed estimates based on complete drawings and specs have an accuracy within +5%.
CEE 8.pptx
The document discusses methods for estimating total product costs for a manufacturing plant. It describes how total product costs are calculated and categorized, including manufacturing costs and general expenses. Manufacturing costs include direct production costs, fixed charges, and plant overhead costs. Direct production costs make up the largest portion at 66% of total product costs and include raw materials, labor, utilities, and maintenance. The document provides examples and percentages for how different cost elements are typically estimated within each category of total product costs.
CEE 7.pptx
This document provides information on estimating costs for process plants, including:
- Total capital investment (TCI) includes fixed capital investment (FCI) and working capital (WC)
- Fixed capital investment includes direct costs like equipment and buildings, and indirect costs like engineering
- Total product cost includes direct production costs, fixed charges, overhead, and general expenses
- Various methods are described to estimate costs at different stages of a project from preliminary to detailed
- Examples are given to calculate costs based on information like annual production, sales price, raw material costs
CEE 6.pptx
Here are the steps to estimate the manufacturing cost per 100 kg of product:
1. Raw material cost = $0.25/kg x 100 kg = $25
2. Utilities cost
- Steam = 50 kg/kg x $0.05/kg = $2.5
- Electric power = 0.9 kWh/kg x $0.1/kWh = $0.09
- Water = 0.083 m3/kg x $1/m3 = $0.083
- Total utilities = $2.5 + $0.09 + $0.083 = $2.633
3. Labor cost
- No. of employees per shift = 12
- W
CEE 5.pptx
This document discusses cost estimation and cash flow analysis for industrial projects. It explains that cash flows for income and expenses can be considered continuous rates over time. Depreciation is recognized as a cost before taxes and profits. A cash flow diagram shows income, operating costs, depreciation, taxes, and net profits over the estimated life of a project. The diagram illustrates that total capital investment is paid off through cash flows from profits over 5 years, and then additional profits accumulate until the end of the 10-year project life. The final cash position results in a net profit over the life of the project.
CEE 4.pptx
This document discusses cost estimation for capital projects. It explains that fixed capital for equipment can be considered instantaneous while payments are spread over construction. Working capital is needed continuously to account for irregular income and costs. Cash flows in as income and out as operating costs. Profits are income minus costs, while depreciation and taxes are later deducted from profits. Fixed capital investment includes direct costs for equipment and indirect non-manufacturing costs like buildings. Working capital covers inventory, receivables, payables, and cash for expenses. The ratio of working capital to total investment varies by industry and demand seasonality.
CEE 3.pptx
This document discusses cost estimation and cash flow diagrams for industrial projects. It explains that a tree diagram can be used to represent the flow of capital for an industrial operation. The total capital investment includes fixed capital for equipment and facilities as well as working capital. Cash flows into the project from capital sources and outputs include capital investments, dividends, and debt repayment. The document also provides details on calculating fixed capital investment, working capital investment, and developing cash flow diagrams to analyze the cumulative cash position over the lifetime of an industrial project.
CEE 2.pptx
This document discusses methods for estimating capital costs for new industrial projects. It outlines the types of capital required, including land, machinery, equipment, facilities, and expenses before sales begin. Estimates can be based on equipment costs and range from order-of-magnitude estimates with +/- 30% accuracy to detailed estimates based on engineering drawings with +/- 5% accuracy. Cost indexes are used to update past cost data to current prices. Common indexes include Marshall & Swift, Engineering News-Record, and Chemical Engineering plant cost indexes. Scaling relationships can estimate equipment costs when exact data is not available based on a six-tenth factor rule relating capacity and cost.
CEE 1.pptx
This document outlines the modules covered in a chemical engineering economics course. The modules include introductions to basic economic principles, demand and supply analysis, production and economic growth, cost accounting, interest and investment costs, taxes and insurance, cost estimation, and profitability analysis and alternative investments. Specific topics covered within these modules include market structures, price determination, cost concepts, demand and supply curves, production functions, accounting procedures, time value of money, tax types, cost estimation methods, and mathematical profitability evaluation methods.
PEEM.pptx
This document discusses various project clearances and approvals required in India. It outlines that soil investigation reports are necessary for designing foundations and structures. It also discusses clearances that were previously required under the MRTP Act but are no longer mandatory. While most industries are now exempt from licenses, some pollution-causing or large projects still require an industrial license. It provides a list of industries that require a license. The document also discusses the process of obtaining a Letter of Intent, approval for foreign collaboration and consultants, and foreign exchange clearances.
RADIATIVE-HEAT-TRANSFER.ppt
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted by bodies due to their temperature. Radiative heat transfer depends on the temperature, nature, and state of the emitting surface. The wavelength of thermal radiation ranges from 0.1 to 100 μm. Black bodies are ideal absorbers that absorb all radiation, while real bodies absorb partially. The total radiation emitted by a black body is directly proportional to its absolute temperature raised to the fourth power, as described by Stefan-Boltzman's law. The wavelength of maximum emission shifts to shorter wavelengths as temperature increases, according to Wien's displacement law.
Alternative Investment.pptx
The document discusses several methods for comparing alternative investments that require different initial capital amounts but may yield different returns. It provides examples to illustrate how to evaluate alternative investments based on return on incremental investment. The key considerations are to only invest additional capital if the incremental return meets the minimum required threshold. Alternative investments should be compared based on the return of the incremental investment required rather than the total returns alone.
GT&P L2.pptx
Green fuels provide social, economic, and environmental benefits but also have some impacts. Socially, they create local jobs, improve health, and give consumers more choice. Economically, they utilize local resources and labor to boost local economies. Environmentally, they reduce pollution and greenhouse gases compared to conventional fuels. However, different technologies have varying social impacts - for example, hydro and geothermal can cause displacement or seismic activity, while solar and wind have minimal effects. Overall green fuels enhance sustainability if properly planned and managed with local needs in mind.
More from PradeepTalwelkar (20)
Recently uploaded
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
truth is high but higher still is truth full living
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Modelagem de um CSTR com reação endotermica.pdf
Modelagem em função de transferencia. CSTR não-linear.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, SerbiaRecently uploaded (20)
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
ACRP 4-09 Risk Assessment Method to Support Modification of Airfield Separat...
ACRP 4-09 Risk Assessment Method to Support Modification of Airfield Separat...
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
CEE 12.pptx
- 1. Break-even point, gross earnings, and net profit for a process plant The annual direct production costs for a plant operating at 70 percent capacity are $280,000 while the sum of the annual fixed charges, overhead costs, and general expenses is $200,000. What is the break- even point in units of production per year if total annual sales are $560,000 and the product sells at $40 per unit? What were the annual gross earnings and net profit for this plant at 100 percent capacity in 1988 when corporate income taxes required a 15 percent tax on the first $50,000 of annual gross earnings, 25 percent on annual gross earnings of $50,000 to $75,000, 34 percent on annual gross earnings above $75,000, and 5 percent on gross earnings from $100,000 to $335,000?