The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has the potential to empower women through gender-friendly methodologies that improve their lives, such as projects providing efficient cookstoves, access to renewable energy, and income generation opportunities. Two examples highlighted are efficient cookstove projects in Nigeria and a rural electrification micro-hydro project in Bhutan that gave women more free time and reduced household costs. Going forward, the UNFCCC secretariat aims to further mainstream gender considerations in the CDM process and encourage more projects that benefit women and children.
This document discusses sustainable energy planning. It outlines the importance of energy for development goals and sustainability. Key aspects of sustainable energy planning include integrating environmental, economic and social dimensions; public-private participation; and flexibility for changes. Principles of sustainable energy policy include energy security, reasonable tariffs, access for all populations, and fostering national renewable energy sources and technology.
The document discusses energy issues in the United States and strategies to address them. It notes that the US heavily relies on non-renewable fossil fuels that cause pollution and climate change. Various energy sources like coal, oil and gas are examined in terms of their environmental impacts. The goals of securing energy supply, improving efficiency and reducing pollution are outlined. Actions at the federal, state and individual level to transition to cleaner energy and more sustainable practices are also reviewed.
Whether it is to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate climate change, because the reserves of easy accessible fossil fuels are shrinking, or for geopolitical reasons, it looks like the world economy will have to move away from fossil fuels in the coming decades. Given the massive role of fossil fuels today, this is an enormous challenge. Ensuring our future energy supply without fossil fuels will need a radical reorientation.
In which technologies should governments, companies and institutions invest? That is the question. This paper contains some initial thought exercises that could lead to an answer.
source of energy effect on their enviromentteklay godefa
This document is a report submitted by a group of 7 students for their Sustainable Energy Technology course. It discusses various energy resources and their effects on the environment. It begins with an introduction that outlines the problem of energy resources affecting the environment. The literature review then examines renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, wind, and solar as well as nonrenewable sources like fossil fuels and their environmental impacts. The methodology section proposes ways to reduce these impacts, such as using alternative energy, managing radioactive waste, and introducing new technologies. The document concludes with recommendations for minimizing energy's effect on the climate.
11.effects of unsustainable use of biomass energy for cooking and strategies ...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the effects of unsustainable biomass energy use for cooking in developing countries. Biomass is harvested unsustainably and energy conversion technologies are inefficient. This results in serious health and environmental consequences. Indoor air pollution from biomass cooking causes over 1.5 million premature deaths annually, disproportionately affecting women and children. Improving biomass sustainability and efficiency, promoting modern fuels, and developing local sustainable energy capacity are discussed as strategies to reduce negative impacts. Current energy approaches in developing countries are often unsustainable and hinder development, especially for rural populations.
Exploring the economic and environmental benefits of solar energy generation ...Alexander Decker
1) The document examines the economic and environmental benefits of solar energy generation in Nigeria. It discusses how fossil fuels are depleting and polluting, while renewable energy like solar presents a clean alternative.
2) It evaluates the potential for solar power to generate electricity for most Nigerian residents in an economic and environmentally viable way. International agreements to limit greenhouse gas emissions and climate change are also discussed.
3) The paper argues that adopting and utilizing solar energy would be important for Nigeria's growth and development, given its adequate sunshine. Barriers to solar energy adoption need to be removed.
This document summarizes research on household energy consumption patterns in Tanzania. It finds that Tanzanian households primarily depend on wood fuel, with consumption varying between rural, peri-urban, and urban areas. A study of 568 households across these locations and wealth categories found that socioeconomic factors influence fuel choice. It also found that miombo woodlands are a preferred source of wood fuel. However, heavy reliance on wood fuel is unsustainable and linked to deforestation, health issues, and environmental problems. Improved cookstoves, electrification, and alternative fuels could help address these challenges.
The document discusses the concept of a "Just Transition" to a low-carbon economy. It emerged in the 1970s from environmental, indigenous, and labor activists who saw the need for support strategies for workers who could lose their jobs due to environmental policies. A Just Transition aims to decarbonize the economy without costing workers jobs or harming their livelihoods. It requires a Green New Deal to create millions of green jobs, sectoral transition plans, job training and unions to bargain for workers' rights. Financing comes from a national investment bank and transition funds while nationalizing energy ensures affordable, renewable power for all.
This document discusses sustainable energy planning. It outlines the importance of energy for development goals and sustainability. Key aspects of sustainable energy planning include integrating environmental, economic and social dimensions; public-private participation; and flexibility for changes. Principles of sustainable energy policy include energy security, reasonable tariffs, access for all populations, and fostering national renewable energy sources and technology.
The document discusses energy issues in the United States and strategies to address them. It notes that the US heavily relies on non-renewable fossil fuels that cause pollution and climate change. Various energy sources like coal, oil and gas are examined in terms of their environmental impacts. The goals of securing energy supply, improving efficiency and reducing pollution are outlined. Actions at the federal, state and individual level to transition to cleaner energy and more sustainable practices are also reviewed.
Whether it is to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate climate change, because the reserves of easy accessible fossil fuels are shrinking, or for geopolitical reasons, it looks like the world economy will have to move away from fossil fuels in the coming decades. Given the massive role of fossil fuels today, this is an enormous challenge. Ensuring our future energy supply without fossil fuels will need a radical reorientation.
In which technologies should governments, companies and institutions invest? That is the question. This paper contains some initial thought exercises that could lead to an answer.
source of energy effect on their enviromentteklay godefa
This document is a report submitted by a group of 7 students for their Sustainable Energy Technology course. It discusses various energy resources and their effects on the environment. It begins with an introduction that outlines the problem of energy resources affecting the environment. The literature review then examines renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, wind, and solar as well as nonrenewable sources like fossil fuels and their environmental impacts. The methodology section proposes ways to reduce these impacts, such as using alternative energy, managing radioactive waste, and introducing new technologies. The document concludes with recommendations for minimizing energy's effect on the climate.
11.effects of unsustainable use of biomass energy for cooking and strategies ...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the effects of unsustainable biomass energy use for cooking in developing countries. Biomass is harvested unsustainably and energy conversion technologies are inefficient. This results in serious health and environmental consequences. Indoor air pollution from biomass cooking causes over 1.5 million premature deaths annually, disproportionately affecting women and children. Improving biomass sustainability and efficiency, promoting modern fuels, and developing local sustainable energy capacity are discussed as strategies to reduce negative impacts. Current energy approaches in developing countries are often unsustainable and hinder development, especially for rural populations.
Exploring the economic and environmental benefits of solar energy generation ...Alexander Decker
1) The document examines the economic and environmental benefits of solar energy generation in Nigeria. It discusses how fossil fuels are depleting and polluting, while renewable energy like solar presents a clean alternative.
2) It evaluates the potential for solar power to generate electricity for most Nigerian residents in an economic and environmentally viable way. International agreements to limit greenhouse gas emissions and climate change are also discussed.
3) The paper argues that adopting and utilizing solar energy would be important for Nigeria's growth and development, given its adequate sunshine. Barriers to solar energy adoption need to be removed.
This document summarizes research on household energy consumption patterns in Tanzania. It finds that Tanzanian households primarily depend on wood fuel, with consumption varying between rural, peri-urban, and urban areas. A study of 568 households across these locations and wealth categories found that socioeconomic factors influence fuel choice. It also found that miombo woodlands are a preferred source of wood fuel. However, heavy reliance on wood fuel is unsustainable and linked to deforestation, health issues, and environmental problems. Improved cookstoves, electrification, and alternative fuels could help address these challenges.
The document discusses the concept of a "Just Transition" to a low-carbon economy. It emerged in the 1970s from environmental, indigenous, and labor activists who saw the need for support strategies for workers who could lose their jobs due to environmental policies. A Just Transition aims to decarbonize the economy without costing workers jobs or harming their livelihoods. It requires a Green New Deal to create millions of green jobs, sectoral transition plans, job training and unions to bargain for workers' rights. Financing comes from a national investment bank and transition funds while nationalizing energy ensures affordable, renewable power for all.
This executive summary discusses the role of bioenergy in sustainable human development. It notes that roughly 2 billion people lack access to modern energy and bioenergy can help meet basic needs by providing locally produced energy for tasks like water pumping, lighting, and local enterprises. Modernizing bioenergy systems through improved efficiency and conversion of biomass to fuels like electricity can provide environmental and socioeconomic benefits. However, traditional biomass use is inefficient and contributes to deforestation. The summary advocates modernizing biomass use to improve livelihoods in a sustainable manner.
S-Energy: A Sustainable, Symbiosis, Synergy-driven Ecosystem Approach for Cle...ESD UNU-IAS
S-Energy: A Sustainable, Symbiosis, Synergy-driven Ecosystem Approach for Clean Energy Access
Presented by:
Jean Paula Regulano
Kana Watando
Muhammad Prasetya Kuriawan
Tanmay Nag
2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
14-24 September, 2021
The document discusses the increasing dependence on computer technology and its future applications and impacts. It predicts that technology will continue penetrating more areas of life like communication, education, business, and relationships. While acknowledging benefits, it expresses concern that over-reliance on technology for communication could undermine people's ability to communicate face-to-face, which is important for humanity. The document concludes that while the growth of technology is inevitable, its impacts may not be entirely positive.
Climate Action: the need for a systemic approachESD UNU-IAS
Keynote Lecture #2 - 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
"Climate Action: the need for a systemic approach", presented by Prof. Lauren Rickards (ECP Director, Urban Futures, RMIT University) at the 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme, 15 September, 2021.
This document discusses sustainability and sustainable development. It covers several key areas:
- People, planet, prosperity, peace and partnerships which are critical for humanity and the planet.
- It discusses the Millennium Development Goals which aimed to tackle poverty and their achievements in lifting over 1 billion people out of poverty.
- It introduces the 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015 which aim to balance social, economic and environmental issues globally and build a sustainable future for all people.
Integrated Science: Merging scientific disciplines to address global challengesDuPont
The document discusses the global challenges of meeting increasing demand for food and energy by 2050 given population growth. It argues that the chemical industry has an important role to play in providing sustainable solutions through continued integration of scientific disciplines, diversification of ideas, and collaboration. DuPont's approach involves applying integrated science to develop innovations that can help address issues like more efficient energy use and a cleaner energy supply through technologies for areas like biofuels, wind power, and solar energy.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
1. The document summarizes a study that investigated awareness of renewable energy technology education in Adamawa and Taraba States of northeast Nigeria. A total of 360 questionnaires were administered across 12 local government areas, with respondents aged 18-50.
2. The results revealed that 67% of respondents in both states were unaware of any form of renewable energy. 54% had not shown concern for the environment previously. However, most respondents were willing to learn about and adopt renewable energy technologies.
3. The majority of respondents felt they needed more information about renewable energy, especially through radio and schools. However, over 70% thought the government should take primary responsibility for increasing renewable energy use.
This document provides an introduction and overview for a guide to making U.S. embassies more environmentally sustainable. It discusses the need to address climate change through reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. The U.S. Department of State owns and leases millions of square feet of buildings worldwide, so improving the sustainability of its embassies can significantly impact energy use and emissions. The guide aims to help mission staff implement best practices to lower energy and water use and waste, reflecting both U.S. commitments and the department's leadership in "eco-diplomacy."
Climate change is already negatively impacting Zimbabwe through increased rainfall variability, extreme weather events, and warming temperatures. This poses major threats as the economy and livelihoods are heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Climate change is expected to reduce water availability, damage infrastructure, lower agricultural productivity, and worsen health issues. Vulnerable groups like female-headed households and people living with HIV/AIDS will be disproportionately affected. In response, organizations are implementing community-based adaptation projects, but past coping strategies are becoming less effective. Effective climate governance and adaptation strategies informed by climate data and research are needed to help Zimbabwe adapt to the changing climate.
1) The AIACC project studied climate change adaptation across many developing world regions. A key lesson is to adapt to climate impacts now to avoid greater costs later ("a stitch in time saves nine").
2) Current climate hazards already cause significant damages, demonstrating an "adaptation deficit" that climate change will worsen if left unaddressed. Acting now can yield immediate benefits and enable longer-term adaptation.
3) Other important lessons include: integrating adaptation with development; increasing knowledge about climate risks and responses; strengthening institutions; protecting degraded natural resources; providing financial assistance; involving at-risk communities; and using place-specific adaptation strategies tailored to local conditions.
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an OverviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses concepts and methods for creating energy efficient buildings. It begins by outlining the problems caused by fossil fuel usage, such as environmental degradation and climate change. Buildings account for a large portion of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The document then reviews literature on the benefits of energy efficient buildings, including positive impacts on the environment and health, cost savings over time, and reduced water usage. It advocates designing buildings to maximize renewable energy sources like sunlight, utilize energy efficient materials and practices, and implement water and resource conservation techniques. The overall goal is to meet energy needs while minimizing environmental impacts.
Role of energy in sustainable developmentMukul Saini
1. The document discusses the role of energy for sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
2. Energy is a driver of economic growth and critical infrastructure for development. However, current energy sources are not sustainable as fossil fuels are finite and their use harms the environment.
3. For sustainable development, the document argues that renewable energy sources must be utilized at a rate equal to their natural replenishment without negative environmental impacts. This will help ensure future access to energy resources.
The document discusses the key concepts of environmental science, including its interdisciplinary nature and focus on interrelationships. It covers emerging global environmental issues like population growth, loss of biodiversity, food and water security, health impacts, and climate change. International cooperation on issues like fisheries, trade, and energy pose challenges but are important to achieve sustainability and support human and environmental well-being.
WWF report “La Generazione Cinese del Futuro - China’s Future GenerationWWF ITALIA
Il futuro della Cina può essere rinnovabile
Il report “La Generazione Cinese del Futuro – China’s Future Generation” è stato redatto dall’Energy Transition Research Institute (Entri) per il WWF e utilizza solidi modelli computerizzati che hanno simulato quattro diversi scenari basati sulla tecnologia attuale: scenario base, scenario ad alta efficienza, scenario ad alto tasso di rinnovabili, scenario misto a basso contenuto di carbonio. http://bit.ly/futurocina
Burning solid biomass for cooking on open fires or rudimentary cookstoves contributes significantly to climate change through emissions of short-lived climate pollutants like black carbon and methane. The Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves aims to address this by creating a market for clean and efficient cookstoves, which can reduce emissions by 25-50% compared to traditional stoves if widely adopted. The Alliance's goal is to reach 100 million households by 2020 through public-private partnerships to overcome barriers to clean cooking solutions.
Development of Indices for Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Technologies Imp...IJEAB
The history of economic development is on the cost of ecology rather than the sustaining environment and development. The countries that became centrally located in the stream of economic exchanges among people around the world impacted the environment in the long run. Newspapers and editorials include environmental horror stories almost on a daily basis and demand better management of natural resources (Jangu, 2014). But who is listening? The environment is not just lush green trees, threated plant and animal species. It is the entity on which humans primarily exist, and agricultural and industrial development depends. Development on the cost of the environment can never be sustainable rather it would take us to a point causing enormous ecological losses and human sufferings primarily because of the present rate of development in developing countries. In order to contribute to the overall development in India, access to modern energy and cleaner fuel for rural households is important. The Brundtland Commission in its 1987 report ‘Our Common Future’ coined the most quoted definition of the term sustainable development, i.e., development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs (Mathur and Goswami, 2016). Sustainable production and consumption of resources helps to satisfy necessities of life such as nutritious food, good health, clean water and sanitation, clean energy, education, employment creating sustainable communities while combating climate change. Having a negative energy balance for decades, India is forced to purchase energy from other countries to fulfil the needs of the entire country. Hence, energy access is an important component of poverty alleviation and an indispensable element of sustainable human development. Government of India has initiated numerous development programmes focussing on providing sustainable energy solutions to rural communities often deprived of clean and uninterrupted energy supply for their daily energy requirements. The study entitled ‘Renewable Energy Options among Rural Households’ was conducted in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh states. The outcomes of the study provide a roadmap for future programmes promoting the use of clean, efficient and modern energy technologies, to be implemented more effectively. Findings would further benefit the primary and secondary key stakeholders involved in research and development, formulation of policies and regulations, promoting sale and purchase and provide financial assistance to future energy programmes meant to popularize the use of Renewable Energy Technologies.
The document discusses the role of science in sustainable development. It explains that science is critical to addressing complex global challenges like climate change, pollution, and poverty. Science provides the foundation for new solutions in areas like agriculture, energy, biotechnology, and infrastructure to promote more sustainable practices. However, science alone is not enough and widespread adoption requires contributions from policymakers, business leaders, and citizens to achieve sustainable development goals.
This document reviews the suitability of pico-hydropower technology for addressing Nigeria's energy crisis. It discusses Nigeria's energy challenges including low electrification rates, reliance on biomass, and the need to develop sustainable decentralized energy solutions. Pico-hydropower is presented as a potentially important option that could provide cleaner energy to rural communities at an affordable cost while reducing environmental impacts. The technology could help power farms, small businesses and contribute to Nigeria achieving its development goals of universal energy access.
This document discusses the need for societies and economies to embrace environmental ethics as a driver for stable, just, and self-sustaining communities worldwide. It notes that current societies face challenges like climate change and ecosystem degradation. The paper recommends adopting ethical duties and virtues focused on positive environmental outcomes. Embracing environmental ethics could help address issues and create more humane and sustainable living conditions for future generations.
The document discusses a student project called "Our Common Future" that aims to raise awareness about environmental sustainability and climate change among youth. It describes plans to have five schools from different European countries participate in short-term exchanges to learn about topics like renewable energy and reducing waste. Students will also engage in local activities such as calculating their schools' carbon footprints and organizing recycling campaigns. The overall goal is for students to understand the importance of environmental protection and view themselves as part of the ecosystem through hands-on learning experiences.
The document discusses findings from studies of the implementation of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) in nine African countries. Some key points:
- Countries established different national structures to oversee the APRM process, such as focal points within government ministries and national commissions. However, many struggled to ensure independent and participatory processes.
- The APRM aimed to create an independent, participatory dialogue on governance reforms, but many countries closely controlled the process. Some countries did open more debate than otherwise would have occurred.
- Implementation of the APRM varied between countries in terms of roles of actors, research quality, and follow through on reform recommendations. Overall, the impact on actual governance
The document provides guidance for companies on developing and implementing an environmental and social management system (ESMS) to help integrate environmental and social concerns into core business operations. It outlines the key elements of an effective ESMS, including policy, risk assessment, management programs, training, emergency response, stakeholder engagement, and monitoring. The goal of the ESMS described in the guidance is to help companies reduce their impacts on the environment, workers, and communities while improving overall business effectiveness.
This executive summary discusses the role of bioenergy in sustainable human development. It notes that roughly 2 billion people lack access to modern energy and bioenergy can help meet basic needs by providing locally produced energy for tasks like water pumping, lighting, and local enterprises. Modernizing bioenergy systems through improved efficiency and conversion of biomass to fuels like electricity can provide environmental and socioeconomic benefits. However, traditional biomass use is inefficient and contributes to deforestation. The summary advocates modernizing biomass use to improve livelihoods in a sustainable manner.
S-Energy: A Sustainable, Symbiosis, Synergy-driven Ecosystem Approach for Cle...ESD UNU-IAS
S-Energy: A Sustainable, Symbiosis, Synergy-driven Ecosystem Approach for Clean Energy Access
Presented by:
Jean Paula Regulano
Kana Watando
Muhammad Prasetya Kuriawan
Tanmay Nag
2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
14-24 September, 2021
The document discusses the increasing dependence on computer technology and its future applications and impacts. It predicts that technology will continue penetrating more areas of life like communication, education, business, and relationships. While acknowledging benefits, it expresses concern that over-reliance on technology for communication could undermine people's ability to communicate face-to-face, which is important for humanity. The document concludes that while the growth of technology is inevitable, its impacts may not be entirely positive.
Climate Action: the need for a systemic approachESD UNU-IAS
Keynote Lecture #2 - 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
"Climate Action: the need for a systemic approach", presented by Prof. Lauren Rickards (ECP Director, Urban Futures, RMIT University) at the 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme, 15 September, 2021.
This document discusses sustainability and sustainable development. It covers several key areas:
- People, planet, prosperity, peace and partnerships which are critical for humanity and the planet.
- It discusses the Millennium Development Goals which aimed to tackle poverty and their achievements in lifting over 1 billion people out of poverty.
- It introduces the 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015 which aim to balance social, economic and environmental issues globally and build a sustainable future for all people.
Integrated Science: Merging scientific disciplines to address global challengesDuPont
The document discusses the global challenges of meeting increasing demand for food and energy by 2050 given population growth. It argues that the chemical industry has an important role to play in providing sustainable solutions through continued integration of scientific disciplines, diversification of ideas, and collaboration. DuPont's approach involves applying integrated science to develop innovations that can help address issues like more efficient energy use and a cleaner energy supply through technologies for areas like biofuels, wind power, and solar energy.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
1. The document summarizes a study that investigated awareness of renewable energy technology education in Adamawa and Taraba States of northeast Nigeria. A total of 360 questionnaires were administered across 12 local government areas, with respondents aged 18-50.
2. The results revealed that 67% of respondents in both states were unaware of any form of renewable energy. 54% had not shown concern for the environment previously. However, most respondents were willing to learn about and adopt renewable energy technologies.
3. The majority of respondents felt they needed more information about renewable energy, especially through radio and schools. However, over 70% thought the government should take primary responsibility for increasing renewable energy use.
This document provides an introduction and overview for a guide to making U.S. embassies more environmentally sustainable. It discusses the need to address climate change through reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. The U.S. Department of State owns and leases millions of square feet of buildings worldwide, so improving the sustainability of its embassies can significantly impact energy use and emissions. The guide aims to help mission staff implement best practices to lower energy and water use and waste, reflecting both U.S. commitments and the department's leadership in "eco-diplomacy."
Climate change is already negatively impacting Zimbabwe through increased rainfall variability, extreme weather events, and warming temperatures. This poses major threats as the economy and livelihoods are heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Climate change is expected to reduce water availability, damage infrastructure, lower agricultural productivity, and worsen health issues. Vulnerable groups like female-headed households and people living with HIV/AIDS will be disproportionately affected. In response, organizations are implementing community-based adaptation projects, but past coping strategies are becoming less effective. Effective climate governance and adaptation strategies informed by climate data and research are needed to help Zimbabwe adapt to the changing climate.
1) The AIACC project studied climate change adaptation across many developing world regions. A key lesson is to adapt to climate impacts now to avoid greater costs later ("a stitch in time saves nine").
2) Current climate hazards already cause significant damages, demonstrating an "adaptation deficit" that climate change will worsen if left unaddressed. Acting now can yield immediate benefits and enable longer-term adaptation.
3) Other important lessons include: integrating adaptation with development; increasing knowledge about climate risks and responses; strengthening institutions; protecting degraded natural resources; providing financial assistance; involving at-risk communities; and using place-specific adaptation strategies tailored to local conditions.
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an OverviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses concepts and methods for creating energy efficient buildings. It begins by outlining the problems caused by fossil fuel usage, such as environmental degradation and climate change. Buildings account for a large portion of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The document then reviews literature on the benefits of energy efficient buildings, including positive impacts on the environment and health, cost savings over time, and reduced water usage. It advocates designing buildings to maximize renewable energy sources like sunlight, utilize energy efficient materials and practices, and implement water and resource conservation techniques. The overall goal is to meet energy needs while minimizing environmental impacts.
Role of energy in sustainable developmentMukul Saini
1. The document discusses the role of energy for sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
2. Energy is a driver of economic growth and critical infrastructure for development. However, current energy sources are not sustainable as fossil fuels are finite and their use harms the environment.
3. For sustainable development, the document argues that renewable energy sources must be utilized at a rate equal to their natural replenishment without negative environmental impacts. This will help ensure future access to energy resources.
The document discusses the key concepts of environmental science, including its interdisciplinary nature and focus on interrelationships. It covers emerging global environmental issues like population growth, loss of biodiversity, food and water security, health impacts, and climate change. International cooperation on issues like fisheries, trade, and energy pose challenges but are important to achieve sustainability and support human and environmental well-being.
WWF report “La Generazione Cinese del Futuro - China’s Future GenerationWWF ITALIA
Il futuro della Cina può essere rinnovabile
Il report “La Generazione Cinese del Futuro – China’s Future Generation” è stato redatto dall’Energy Transition Research Institute (Entri) per il WWF e utilizza solidi modelli computerizzati che hanno simulato quattro diversi scenari basati sulla tecnologia attuale: scenario base, scenario ad alta efficienza, scenario ad alto tasso di rinnovabili, scenario misto a basso contenuto di carbonio. http://bit.ly/futurocina
Burning solid biomass for cooking on open fires or rudimentary cookstoves contributes significantly to climate change through emissions of short-lived climate pollutants like black carbon and methane. The Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves aims to address this by creating a market for clean and efficient cookstoves, which can reduce emissions by 25-50% compared to traditional stoves if widely adopted. The Alliance's goal is to reach 100 million households by 2020 through public-private partnerships to overcome barriers to clean cooking solutions.
Development of Indices for Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Technologies Imp...IJEAB
The history of economic development is on the cost of ecology rather than the sustaining environment and development. The countries that became centrally located in the stream of economic exchanges among people around the world impacted the environment in the long run. Newspapers and editorials include environmental horror stories almost on a daily basis and demand better management of natural resources (Jangu, 2014). But who is listening? The environment is not just lush green trees, threated plant and animal species. It is the entity on which humans primarily exist, and agricultural and industrial development depends. Development on the cost of the environment can never be sustainable rather it would take us to a point causing enormous ecological losses and human sufferings primarily because of the present rate of development in developing countries. In order to contribute to the overall development in India, access to modern energy and cleaner fuel for rural households is important. The Brundtland Commission in its 1987 report ‘Our Common Future’ coined the most quoted definition of the term sustainable development, i.e., development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs (Mathur and Goswami, 2016). Sustainable production and consumption of resources helps to satisfy necessities of life such as nutritious food, good health, clean water and sanitation, clean energy, education, employment creating sustainable communities while combating climate change. Having a negative energy balance for decades, India is forced to purchase energy from other countries to fulfil the needs of the entire country. Hence, energy access is an important component of poverty alleviation and an indispensable element of sustainable human development. Government of India has initiated numerous development programmes focussing on providing sustainable energy solutions to rural communities often deprived of clean and uninterrupted energy supply for their daily energy requirements. The study entitled ‘Renewable Energy Options among Rural Households’ was conducted in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh states. The outcomes of the study provide a roadmap for future programmes promoting the use of clean, efficient and modern energy technologies, to be implemented more effectively. Findings would further benefit the primary and secondary key stakeholders involved in research and development, formulation of policies and regulations, promoting sale and purchase and provide financial assistance to future energy programmes meant to popularize the use of Renewable Energy Technologies.
The document discusses the role of science in sustainable development. It explains that science is critical to addressing complex global challenges like climate change, pollution, and poverty. Science provides the foundation for new solutions in areas like agriculture, energy, biotechnology, and infrastructure to promote more sustainable practices. However, science alone is not enough and widespread adoption requires contributions from policymakers, business leaders, and citizens to achieve sustainable development goals.
This document reviews the suitability of pico-hydropower technology for addressing Nigeria's energy crisis. It discusses Nigeria's energy challenges including low electrification rates, reliance on biomass, and the need to develop sustainable decentralized energy solutions. Pico-hydropower is presented as a potentially important option that could provide cleaner energy to rural communities at an affordable cost while reducing environmental impacts. The technology could help power farms, small businesses and contribute to Nigeria achieving its development goals of universal energy access.
This document discusses the need for societies and economies to embrace environmental ethics as a driver for stable, just, and self-sustaining communities worldwide. It notes that current societies face challenges like climate change and ecosystem degradation. The paper recommends adopting ethical duties and virtues focused on positive environmental outcomes. Embracing environmental ethics could help address issues and create more humane and sustainable living conditions for future generations.
The document discusses a student project called "Our Common Future" that aims to raise awareness about environmental sustainability and climate change among youth. It describes plans to have five schools from different European countries participate in short-term exchanges to learn about topics like renewable energy and reducing waste. Students will also engage in local activities such as calculating their schools' carbon footprints and organizing recycling campaigns. The overall goal is for students to understand the importance of environmental protection and view themselves as part of the ecosystem through hands-on learning experiences.
The document discusses findings from studies of the implementation of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) in nine African countries. Some key points:
- Countries established different national structures to oversee the APRM process, such as focal points within government ministries and national commissions. However, many struggled to ensure independent and participatory processes.
- The APRM aimed to create an independent, participatory dialogue on governance reforms, but many countries closely controlled the process. Some countries did open more debate than otherwise would have occurred.
- Implementation of the APRM varied between countries in terms of roles of actors, research quality, and follow through on reform recommendations. Overall, the impact on actual governance
The document provides guidance for companies on developing and implementing an environmental and social management system (ESMS) to help integrate environmental and social concerns into core business operations. It outlines the key elements of an effective ESMS, including policy, risk assessment, management programs, training, emergency response, stakeholder engagement, and monitoring. The goal of the ESMS described in the guidance is to help companies reduce their impacts on the environment, workers, and communities while improving overall business effectiveness.
This document summarizes the proceedings of a conference on the mental health of indigenous peoples. It discusses how colonization has negatively impacted indigenous communities through cultural disruption, oppression, and high rates of issues like depression, suicide, and violence. However, it also notes that many communities have shown resilience. The document contains several chapters that explore the social origins of mental health problems, individual and community responses to suffering, transformations of identity and community, and models for collaborative research and services.
This document discusses climate change, gender, and human development in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). It examines how climate change disproportionately impacts women in the region due to gender roles. The paper reviews climate change policies in ECOWAS member states and analyzes policies addressing gender and climate change in Senegal and Nigeria. It concludes with recommendations to better integrate a gender perspective into climate change adaptation and development policies in ECOWAS and its member states.
Enhancing Women’s Access to Markets: An Overview of Donor Programs and Best ...Dr Lendy Spires
“It is necessary to take a multi-dimensional perspective on poverty reduction. This includes ‘bottom-up growth strategies’ to encourage the broad-based rise of entrepreneurial initiatives” (UNIDO 2003:9). Women are a significant economic entrepreneurial force whose contributions to local, national and global economies are far reaching.
Women produce and consume, manage businesses and households, earn income, hire labor, borrow and save, and provide a range of services for businesses and workers. Women also produce more than 80 percent of the food consumed in Sub-Saharan Africa, 50-60 percent of all staples in Asia, and generate 30 percent of all food consumed in Latin America (see Annex 2, Box 8).
Women represent an increasing proportion of the world’s waged labor force and their activity rates are rising. In Africa, Asia, and Latin America, they are over one third of the officially enumerated workforce (WISTAT 2000). Women-run businesses can be found in emerging sectors such as the production and marketing of consumer goods, commercial banking, financial services, insurance, information services, communications, and transport.
As owners of SMEs, women furnish local, national and multinational companies with ideas, technology, supplies, components, and business services (Jalbert 2000). These activities are likely to prove fundamental as developing economies transition from primarily agricultural to industrial production and become more urbanized. Furthermore, as economies liberalize and open their borders, women-owned and operated SMEs are engaging in international trade—enhancing the prominence and visibility of women entrepreneurs globally.
Understanding how women access markets as producers and wage laborers is likely to prove critical for fostering pro-poor and inclusive economic growth. Analyzing where women are in the global supply chain and documenting the resources they use and transform will provide information about how to strengthen local economies and maximize forward and backward linkages.
Finally, reducing barriers to market access and enhancing women’s productivity will necessarily benefit both economies and households. Entrepreneurship and investment influence the rate and pattern of growth, the types of forward and backward linkages that develop in an economy, the labor demanded, and the human capital investment required to meet these labor demands (Ravallion 2004; Ranis, Stewart, and Ramírez 2000). Rapid growth can contribute to poverty reduction where that growth is broad-based and inclusive (OECD 2004).
This document presents South Africa's National Climate Change Response White Paper. It outlines two objectives for South Africa's climate change response: 1) effectively manage inevitable climate change impacts through building resilience, and 2) make a fair contribution to stabilizing global greenhouse gas concentrations. The response is guided by constitutional and international principles. Key elements of the strategy include prioritizing adaptation, using a national emissions trajectory range to guide mitigation efforts, implementing flagship programs, and mainstreaming climate-resilient development across all sectors of society. Monitoring and evaluation systems will track climate impacts and the effectiveness of the response.
This document summarizes lessons learned from food companies' experiences with sustainable sourcing initiatives involving large-scale agriculture. Key lessons include:
1) Engage producers as partners by focusing on continuous improvement and outcomes over time rather than annual comparisons or prescriptive checklists.
2) Recognize the limits of demand-driven requirements, as sustainability goals must fit individual farms and allow for adaptation over time.
3) Collaboration is needed across companies, farmers, and other stakeholders to effectively measure impacts and track progress in complex agricultural systems.
Financial Inclusion and its Determinants - IndiaDr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the determinants of financial inclusion in India using state-level panel data from 1995 to 2008. The study finds that increasing bank branch networks, as measured by average population per branch, has a beneficial impact on deposit penetration but a weaker impact on credit penetration. Higher state income levels are also found to have a positive impact on both credit and deposit penetration. Additionally, states with higher proportions of factories and employees tend to have greater banking activity and financial inclusion. The study concludes that policy attention should focus on low-performing regions to help close gaps in financial inclusion compared to better-performing regions.
The document summarizes the proceedings of the 4th Ordinary Session of the African Union Conference of Ministers in Charge of Youth. Key points include:
- 37 Member States were represented along with various organizations to discuss issues concerning youth development in Africa.
- A new bureau was elected to lead the conference, with representatives from different regions of Africa.
- Progress reports were presented highlighting achievements in youth programs over the last two years by the AU Commission, Pan African Youth Union, and previous bureau.
- Ministers discussed how to leverage Africa's growing youth population as a demographic opportunity through job creation and skills training, rather than a threat, to support sustainable development.
This document discusses the linkages between gender and climate change in Asia and the Pacific region. It finds that women are disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to social, economic and political barriers that constrain their opportunities. Women often have less access to resources, participation in decision making, and mobility, making it difficult for them to cope with or adapt to climate changes. However, women also play important roles in environmental management and have knowledge that could contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts. The document calls for integrating gender perspectives into climate policies and programs in order to address both women's and men's needs, ensure women's participation, and support women's empowerment.
Regulatory Reform Post Global Financial Crisis overview paperDr Lendy Spires
Introduction The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) was the greatest shock to the world financial system since the Great Depression eight decades earlier, and although it created problems globally, the main effects were felt in the financial markets of the USA and Europe. It has resulted in a plethora of studies examining its causes, and while there is general agreement on a list of contributing factors, there is less agreement on which of these were most important and the consequent implications for desirable or needed regulatory changes. The global nature of the crisis has seen an attempt at harmonized global regulatory responses overseen by the G20 and prompting some changes to the structure and responsibilities of international agencies to achieve that outcome. There is a wide and sweeping range of regulatory responses in progress or under consideration, making the task of assessing the likely consequences and merits of individual measures that much more difficult. There are also questions as to whether (given differences of opinion on underlying problems) all proposed regulatory changes are well-founded, and whether regulatory changes across the broader financial sector will prove to be mutually consistent. Also open to question is the suitability of regulatory changes emanating out of problems in advanced Northern Hemisphere financial sectors to emerging market (and other) financial sectors where the same scale of problems did not occur. In some ways, that is paradoxical. The regulatory responses being driven internationally, and applied individually, by nations with highly developed financial systems involve a movement away from minimalist regulation and reliance on “light touch supervision” and market discipline, towards a more interventionist approach which many emerging markets tended to favor. Examples can be seen in a willingness to consider capital controls as part of macro-prudential policy and new requirements for minimum holdings of liquid assets by banks.
This document presents ten case studies that illustrate how businesses are responding to climate change risks and impacts in developing countries. It aims to inspire further business action on adaptation, engage policymakers, and encourage partnerships. The case studies highlight approaches companies are taking within their own operations, in developing climate-resilient products and services, and through stakeholder engagement. While business adaptation efforts are still emerging, the cases demonstrate benefits including risk management, cost reductions, and new market opportunities. Success factors include considering long-term returns on adaptation investments. Effective solutions will require partnerships across multiple sectors.
Financial inclusion refers to ensuring access to financial services like savings accounts, loans, insurance, and remittance facilities for all sections of the population without discrimination. The Reserve Bank of India has advised banks to provide banking services in unbanked villages with populations over 2,000 people. Indian Overseas Bank is using smart card banking with business correspondents to extend services to allotted unbanked villages. Smart card banking allows account holders to access their accounts in their villages without visiting branches, using biometric smart cards and point-of-sale machines operated by business correspondents. Business correspondents are individuals or entities engaged by banks to provide banking services in unbanked areas and can include NGOs, retail shops, petrol
UNDP: ADVANCING DEVELOPMENT THROUGH AN INTEGRATED GENDER PERSPECTIVE Dr Lendy Spires
The Africa Adaptation Programme (AAP) is pleased to present the first edition of its Discussion Paper Series. Each paper in this series will focus on one issue related to climate change adaptation and sustainable development.
These papers are intended to stimulate intellectual discussions as well as share early lessons learned from the design and initial implementation stages of the AAP with adaptation and development practitioners. This first paper in the Discussion Paper Series focuses on the links between gender and climate change adaptation. The AAP has made gender equality an important goal in each of its 20 participating countries. To promote equitable and gender-sensitive adaptation to climate change, the AAP is actively supporting countries to increase their capacities to integrate gender perspectives into both the design and implementation of climate change strategies and national development plans.
This is in line with Millennium Development Goal 3 – promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women. The AAP is a strategic climate change adaptation initiative designed to help create more informed adaptation decision-making and more e ective implementation of those decisions in the 20 participating African countries. The AAP supports the long-term e orts of targeted countries to further develop their capacity to successfully identify, design and implement holistic climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction programmes.
It was established under the Japan-UNDP Joint Framework for Building Partnership to Address Climate Change in Africa, which was established at the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on Africa Development (TICAD IV) organized in Yokohama, Japan (May 2008). The AAP was launched in 2008 by UNDP in partnership with UNIDO, UNICEF and WFP, with funding of US$92 million from the Government of Japan. This discussion paper consists of three sections. The first section, ‘Key Challenges for Reducing Gender-Based Vulnerability’, provides a background on the relationship between climate change and gender, and presents three key factors contributing to the disproportionate effects of climate change upon women.
The second section on ‘Gender-Sensitive Approaches in the AAP’ outlines some of the methods the AAP is using to main-stream gender into climate change adaptation planning and decision-making to ensure equal participation and benefits.
The document summarizes key findings from CGAP's 2009 survey of Microfinance Investment Vehicles (MIVs). It finds that MIVs grew by 31% in 2008 and continued growing in early 2009 despite the financial crisis. However, overall MIV performance is expected to deteriorate in 2009 due to increasing credit risks facing microfinance institutions. The survey also revealed that over 60% of MIVs now report on environmental, social and governance considerations in their investments.
The document is a transcript of a speech by Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Secretary General of NATO, given at Chatham House on June 19, 2014. In the speech, Rasmussen outlines three key issues that NATO leaders will address at their upcoming summit in Wales in September 2014: 1) completing the combat mission in Afghanistan and launching a new non-combat training and advisory mission; 2) strengthening NATO's collective defense in response to threats like Russian aggression and terrorism; and 3) remaining engaged globally through partnerships and initiatives like a new Defense Capacity Building program to assist other countries.
This document summarizes a report from the OECD on private sector engagement in adaptation to climate change. It analyzes case studies of 16 companies and responses to the 2009 Carbon Disclosure Project questionnaire. The summary finds:
1) Companies show a high level of awareness of climate change risks but not all conduct risk assessments. Assessments often focus on current risks rather than long-term impacts.
2) Risk assessments do not always lead to risk management actions. Few companies implement infrastructure investments or "hard" adaptation measures despite identifying risks.
3) Factors like capacities, incentives, and perspectives influence companies' engagement in adaptation. Public sector actions could help overcome barriers to private sector investment in adaptation.
The document discusses sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as an approach to economic development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It discusses the objectives, pillars and importance of sustainable development. Examples provided include using renewable energy sources like wind and solar power. Barriers to sustainable development include the higher initial costs and lack of widespread acceptance of the need for sustainability.
Using Microfinance to Ensure Food Security, While Mitigating Global WarmingZ3P
The document discusses three interrelated crises facing the world's poor: 1) energy poverty which limits economic opportunities and health, 2) climate change which disproportionately impacts the poor, and 3) limitations of current microfinance approaches. It proposes addressing these issues by having microfinance institutions and energy companies work together using solutions that have succeeded in diverse countries. These include providing affordable, clean energy and helping clients prepare for climate change impacts. The document analyzes each crisis in more detail and their interactions, arguing for an integrated approach to make meaningful progress on all three issues.
Understanding Renewable Energy in KenyaGrace Mwaura
Presentation at the annual fundraising dinner of the Rotaract of Milimani in Nairobi. Proceeds from this dinner will go towards installing a biogas plant at a Childrens Home in one of the Nairobi slums. Totally humbled by the commitment of these young professionals,and sharing with them my insights tonight!
1. Climate change is a complex, long-term problem involving interactions between climatic, environmental, economic, political, social and technological processes. There is still uncertainty around fully understanding climate change.
2. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, known as mitigation, involves transitioning away from fossil fuels to low-carbon energy sources. Many technologies exist now but are not fully utilized, and all economic sectors can pursue energy efficiency.
3. Equity issues around distribution of resources between countries, regions, and generations must be considered in climate policies and solutions. Developing countries have no emissions targets but are expected to pursue low-emissions development paths.
This document discusses sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as economic development without compromising the environment for future generations. It discusses the objectives, pillars and goals of sustainable development, as well as its importance. Examples provided include sustainable agricultural methods and renewable energy like wind power. Challenges to sustainable development are that it can initially be more expensive and some do not see the need for it. The conclusion restates that sustainable development considers long-term environmental, social and human impacts over short-term gains.
Why access to modern Energy is a necessary condition for Human Development?
MATIKE NGONG ROLLIN
Chairman of Global actions for local development Organizations,
Environmental Sustainability by Dr. Vinayak Chavan.pptxvinayak665840
The document discusses environmental sustainability, carbon footprints, and carbon sequestration. It defines key terms like sustainable development, environmental sustainability, carbon footprint, and carbon sequestration. It discusses how carbon footprints can be reduced through strategies like using renewable energy, public transportation, waste reduction, and carbon offsetting. Reducing carbon footprints is important for mitigating climate change and protecting the environment.
This document summarizes the shifting paradigms around environmental management and sustainable development. It discusses how early human societies lived in harmony with nature, but industrialization led to increased pollution problems. International conferences like the 1972 Stockholm Conference and 1992 Rio Earth Summit addressed these issues and promoted sustainable development. Effective environmental management requires setting pollution standards, using best practices, allowing flexibility based on economic conditions, generating technical solutions, and incentivizing industries below standards while penalizing excessive pollution. The document also discusses dividing areas into red, yellow and green zones based on pollution levels and assimilation capacities to guide industrial development.
The document discusses sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as economic development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It discusses how sustainability encourages long-term decision making over short-term gains. Examples of sustainable development practices given include renewable energy sources like wind and solar, preserving green spaces, and crop rotation. The document also notes that upfront costs and lack of education can prevent wider adoption of sustainable development.
Completing the picture_ How the circular economy tackles climate change.pdfAliyaAmani2
This document is a republication of a 2019 paper that argues the circular economy is crucial for addressing climate change. It summarizes the original paper's key points:
1) Adopting circular economy principles like eliminating waste, circulating materials and products, and regenerating nature could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, eliminating food waste alone could reduce annual emissions by 1.4 billion tons by 2050.
2) Business leaders and policymakers need to integrate efforts to transition to a circular economy with responses to climate change. The circular economy offers opportunities to decarbonize industry and food systems while increasing economic resilience.
3) Multiple organizations and political figures express support for the paper and its argument that the
Running Head COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT1COMMITMENT.docxsusanschei
Running Head: COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT 1
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COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT
Danielle Schummer
G328/EVR3410 Human Uses of the Environment
According to my thinking, the United States of America should commit itself to the Paris agreement. It will enable the country to contribute the maximum to environmental conservation. The country should make efforts in committing itself to the Paris agreement as it has brought nations from the entire world into a common cause. Thus undertaking the needed ambitions for combating the climatic change and accordingly adapting the possible effects and challenges experienced by each country and coming up with solutions to help the developing countries to withstand the problems encountered.
The agreement will, therefore, chart a new course in the global climate efforts which will help in safeguarding the welfare of the people's health (Maslin, 2007). The United States of America should, again, commit itself to the agreement as its made to strengthen the global responses to the threats brought by adverse climatic changes by developing favorable global temperature rise in the century, for the world to experience a 2 degrees Celsius decrease in the industrialized areas. According to the Paris agreement, the countries, as a whole, should develop different efforts to ensure that the nations experience a 2 degrees Celsius temperature drop. The deal is significant in that it will strengthen countries’ abilities to deal with the results brought by climatic changes as it is realized that it is changing in every century.
The United States committing itself to the deal will again enable it to oversee more developments in the country as a specific financial flow should be witnessed, new technologies developed, and an enhanced capacity building framework brought into existence which will support the actions of the nation by promoting them invulnerable and reliable nations, thus meeting their set objectives (NSTC, 2008). The Paris deal has again provided enough transparency of the efforts by each state and developed a very clear framework for the nations to fight the effects of climate change within a set period.
According to my understanding, we can experience global warming as a result of continued air pollution and increased industrialization by many countries in the world. As the days go by, many industries are constructed and a mechanism is not put in place to protect the polluted air from entering the atmosphere. On the other hand, the Paris agreement has impacted my stand on global warming as it has enabled me to realize that different countries can come together thus developing mechanisms objectively to reduce the occurrence of global warming.
As a result of global warming water resources have been affected, leading to a decline in irrigation supplies. This occurs due to the loss of the mountain snowpack hence reducing the amounts of water for the ir ...
This document discusses energy efficiency policies and sustainable energy. It notes that many countries are implementing energy efficiency policies to address issues like global warming and dependence on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are seen as key to sustainable energy policy. The document then discusses several countries' and regions' policies around energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and renewable energy development, including the European Union, China, and the United States. It also discusses the Kyoto Protocol and concepts like the environmental Kuznets curve and carbon capture and storage.
The document outlines homework instructions for a Sustainable Development project. Students are asked to prepare a 4-5 minute PowerPoint presentation on a topic related to their roll number. The PowerPoint must include pictures, maps, graphs and elaborate on the topic. It should not include copy-pasted content and should be creative. The document then provides an example PowerPoint on Sustainable Development, which defines it, discusses its objectives, pillars, importance and examples like wind and solar energy. It also addresses barriers to sustainable development and concludes by emphasizing sustainable development's role in supporting people's well-being.
The document discusses environmental sustainability and sustainable development goals. It provides information on key goals like affordable clean energy, no poverty, climate action, zero hunger, and the Paris Agreement. Case studies on the environmental management systems of Panasonic and McKinsey & Company are presented. The importance of environmental sustainability to businesses is discussed. Ways individuals can contribute to sustainability are listed as planting trees, supporting sustainability organizations, carpooling, recycling, and minimizing waste.
The document is a seminar report on green energy that discusses various renewable energy sources including biomass energy. It provides an overview of green energy and why it is important to use. It then discusses biomass energy in detail. Biomass energy is the conversion of organic material from plants and crops into useful forms of energy. It notes that biomass was the first energy source harnessed by humans. While biomass accounts for a large portion of energy in developing countries, modernized biomass technologies can help biomass play a more significant role worldwide in a cleaner, more efficient manner.
The WWF report identifies solutions to meet growing global energy demand through 2050 without exceeding a 2-degree Celsius temperature rise. It finds that existing sustainable energy technologies could meet demand if deployed rapidly and at scale. However, urgent action is needed in the next 5 years to set policies driving this transition, as delays will increase costs and risks. Key solutions identified are improving energy efficiency, stopping deforestation, developing renewable technologies concurrently, building infrastructure for flexible fuels, replacing coal with gas in the near-term, and implementing carbon capture and storage. Global cooperation and leadership are imperative to guide investment towards sustainable options.
Sustainable Energy for All: Addressing Energy Poverty through InnovationChristo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Rajini K R Karduri, "Sustainable Energy for All: Addressing Energy Poverty through Innovation", International Journal of Advanced Research in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology (IJARBEST), Volume 8,Issue 5,May 2022,pp 25-38
RC&D analytical report on human rights and climate chagerac_marion
Climate change is a threat to people's rights, especially those who are already among the most vulnerable in society. Moreover, various projects and investments, including some presented as solutions agaients climate change, generate social, health and food problems for the population. The analytical report presents the links between human rhights and climate change as well as the recommmendations of the French-speaking african civil society network Réseau Climat & Développement.
This document discusses the need for climate-responsive technologies due to the serious threat of climate change. It defines inclusive growth as development that benefits the largest section of society and sustainable development as meeting human needs while preserving the environment. It questions whether inclusive growth can be achieved without compromising sustainable development. The document then analyzes appropriate climate-responsive technologies for major sectors like power, domestic, industrial, transport, and construction that could help reduce their carbon emissions and move towards more sustainable and inclusive development.
Running Head PARIS AGREEMENT 1PARIS AGREEMENT .docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: PARIS AGREEMENT
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PARIS AGREEMENT
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Paris Agreement
Weltee Wolo
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This paper is being submitted on December 04, 2017 for Jaime Farrow’s
Human Uses of the Environment
G328/EVR3410 course
Paris Agreement
Do you believe that the United States should commit to the Paris Agreement? What arguments most influenced your decision?
The Paris agreement also referred to as the Paris climate agreement is an agreement made to reduce the level of climate change in the lobe today by mitigating the level of greenhouse gases that are emitted across the globe (Klein, Carazo, Doelle, Bulmer & Higham, 2017). However, the United States under the rule of Donald Trump expressed their intentions to leave this agreement in June this year. In this section will look at the reasons why the United States needs to stay committed to the agreement.
I believe that the United States needs to stay committed to this agreement for one major reason. This is because this agreement will help push the country to better and more effective climate change policies. Research in the United States shows that the policies that the country has put in place to control climate change greatly fall short of the Paris agreement requirements. This is because they have not been very effective in mitigating the level of greenhouse gases.
Without a commitment to this agreement, the policies that are in place in the United States show less commitment to climate change, and it is for this reason that the country has continued to suffer a lot of great natural disasters year after year. Staying committed to the Paris agreement is a good thing for the country since it will force them to be more, dedicated, more committed and also effective in fighting climate changes. The agreement will push them to do this by forcing them to put in place new measures to curb greenhouse emissions, and this is better for everyone in the globe and the country.
Do you believe that we will experience significant global warming during this century due to air pollution?
Yes, the emission of the greenhouse gases is the single leading cause of global warming. This is as a result of emission of more greenhouse gases for example from the burning of fuel will continue to make to worsen the state of global warming by trapping more and more heat from the sun. This will especially be the case in the current century since there is a rapidly growing demand for energy 80% of which is being derived from fossil fuel which leads to the emission of more and more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (Schneider, 1998).
In what way would the Paris Agreement impact your position on global warming?
First, the Paris agreement affirms the fact that global warming is a major world problem today. This is the reason why many world leaders were willing to be part of this agreement. Further, the Paris agreement affirms to me that ending global warming is not a one-man war t ...
5. 3
United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change
CDM and Women
Introduction
The Clean Development Mechanism has the potential to help the
empowerment of women through its various methodologies.
While these methodologies may not have started out to be gender-friendly
per se, their application has improved women’s lives and
by extension the lives of their communities.
This publication will highlight some of these gender-friendly
methodologies, as well as further work being done by the
secretariat to enhance gender equality through ensuring that gender
is a consideration in the CDM process. This publication also aims
to encourage potential developers to consider this mechanism when
planning projects to help empower and improve women’s lives.
6.
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United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change
CDM and Women
Background
Climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions threatens everyone,
but women and men will experience it differently. Discriminatory
gender norms mean that women often have fewer social and economic
resources than men, which reduces their resiliency to natural disasters
and other fallout from climate change. In many countries, women are
the primary managers of household resources, such as water and fuel,
which may be in increasingly short supply. In addition many women
make their living in ways that are highly vulnerable to climatic
variations, such as agriculture.
Consider that:
• Women and children make up the majority of the world’s
rural poor living in developing countries;
• Most rural poor rely on agriculture for their livelihoods;
• Women are 43 percent of the agricultural workforce in
developing countries;
• Changing climatic conditions have most seriously affected
those who make their living from the land, due to exacerbating
drought conditions or inundation.
However, women are not just the victims of climate change; they represent,
in the words of UNFCCC Executive Secretary Christiana Figueres, “the
strongest key agents to adaptation – as they represent both the problem and
the solution.” Providing women with access and the ability to make
climate friendly changes enables them to not only improve their lives
but also the lives of their families and communities.
8. United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change
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CDM and Women
The CDM aims to promote greenhouse gas emission reduction through
projects in developing countries, while assisting in sustainable development
in those host countries. It is the latter aim of the CDM – that of sustainable
development – that has shown the mechanism to be a powerful tool for
gender equality and specifically in the empowerment of women and for
improving their daily lives. Gender equality and sustainable development
are widely recognized as interdependent. The CDM is said to have
brought about “the most tangible advance on gender to date.” The link
between gender equality and sustainable development provides strong
justification for an explicit focus on women and their active participation
in the CDM project cycle. 1
CDM Methodologies
Methodologies are the lifeblood of CDM projects. They are used to set
the baseline emissions and then measure emissions once a project has
begun. Registered projects are eligible to earn saleable certified emission
reduction (CERs) equivalent to the difference between the two – baseline
and post-project emissions. CERs can be used by industrialized countries to
meet part of their emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol.
There-in lies their value.
Currently, there are nearly 200 methodologies available to allow
developers to implement projects under the CDM. These methodologies
are classified by scale and sectoral scope. An overview of the
CDM methodologies can be found in the CDM Methodology Booklet,
which is available for download from the secretariat website:
<http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/index.html>.
1 Greenstream. 2010. Gender and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Opportunities for CDM to Promote Local
Positive Gender Impacts. pg. 17.
9. 7
United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change
CDM and Women
In addition to contributing to sustainable development, a large number
of project types under the CDM also generate gender-positive impacts.
The secretariat has labelled these methodologies with a “Women and
children” icon in the methodology booklet. The methodologies have
received this label because of their potential to:
• Utilize community-based participatory approaches, that give
women and children an opportunity to learn about the projects
and contribute to decision making processes;
• Improve the living environment of women and children
(e.g. better air quality, heating, lighting);
• Optimize tasks typically undertaken by women or children
(e.g. fuel wood gathering, cooking, water purification);
• Increase access to affordable household fittings and appliances
(e.g. light globes, refrigerators). 2
In the case of afforestation/reforestation CDM activities, the generation of
new local employment opportunities was also used as a criterion because
many of these new positions are filled by women.
“Women and children” methodologies can roughly be divided into two
categories: technologies that improve livelihoods at a household level
and those that improve lives more broadly. This publication explores a
methodology type from each category to illustrate their benefit.
2 UNFCCC. 2012. CDM Methodologies Booklet. pg. 11.
10.
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Climate Change
CDM and Women
I. Household-level Improvements
Fuel Efficient Cook Stoves
(Methodologies AMS I.E/II.G)
The use of fuel – either gathering firewood or purchasing fuel such as
charcoal or kerosene – for cooking and water boiling can represent a
significant portion of women’s time and household budget. In addition,
using these fuels indoors causes air pollution and fire hazards that
threaten the health and safety of those responsible for the cooking
(usually women and girls). Unsustainable firewood collection causes
deforestation and degradation, increasing risks such as soil erosion.
Finally, families can spend nearly a third of their household income on
fuel, keeping many locked in poverty.
Fuel efficient cook stoves improve the lives of women and girls in a
variety of ways. First, they increase free time through the reduced need
for firewood collection. This additional free time can be spent on
education or income generating activities. Using less wood for fuel also
means forests are preserved. In addition, the stoves produce less indoor
smoke, improving air quality and lessening the associated respiratory
problems. Finally, the stoves help households save money through lower
fuel use.
For example, in the project Efficient Fuel Wood Stoves for Nigeria
(CDM Project 2711), approximately 12,500 fuel efficient wood burning
stoves were distributed in the Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria.
The SAVE80 type stoves, so-called because they are 80 percent more
efficient in wood usage, replaced traditional stoves. The households
in the project zone saved roughly a quarter of their annual income
through reduced firewood costs. The stoves themselves created local
employment opportunities as community members, including women,
were engaged in their assembly, maintenance and distribution.
12.
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United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change
CDM and Women
II. Broad-level Improvements
Rural Electrification
(Methodologies AMS-III.AW/AMS-I.L, AMS-I.A, AMS-III.BB)
Providing access to clean sources of power – to run household appliances,
provide lighting, etc. – has long been viewed as a key means of helping
communities along the path to sustainable development. In 2012, the
CDM Executive Board approved new methodologies that take into account
unmet demand for energy and that allow renewable energy electricity
generation technologies – such as solar panels for lighting or micro hydro
power – to qualify for CERs, provided that 75 percent of the beneficiaries
are households.
Lack of access to reliable sources of electricity can create many problems
for rural households and the women who run them. Time spent
collecting firewood for fuel as well as the cooking and related cleaning
activities are a drain on the time of the women and girls primarily
responsible for these tasks. Thus, lack of access to electricity can limit
income generation opportunities. The lack of reliable and safe lighting
also limits evening activities, including school work. Finally, spending for
fuel – on items such as coal or kerosene – places a significant drain on
household income, which could otherwise go toward food, medicine and
other needs.
The availability of regular electricity frees more time for women. Regular
electricity supply, particularly for lighting, allows women to engage in
income-generation activities and to pursue educational opportunities.
There is also an accompanying income savings, as fuel costs are lowered,
as well as an upgrade in appliances (often women will purchase other
energy efficient and cost saving technologies for the household).
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Climate Change
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CDM and Women
An example of how rural electrification projects can improve the lives
of women and children is the E7 Bhutan Micro Hydro Power Project
(CDM Project 62). A small run-of-river hydropower turbine provides
clean electricity to the village of Chendebji in Bhutan, the surrounding
topography of which makes connection to the electricity grid virtually
impossible. Access to the low-cost electricity from the micro hydro
project has had a large impact on the households that have so far been
connected. Women have more free time, which has resulted in greater
uptake in other income-generating activities such as weaving and cattle
tending. Light bulbs have replaced traditional kerosene lamps, and
energy-efficient appliances, such as electric rice and curry cookers, have
replaced traditional stoves, providing significant improvement in the
household indoor air quality. In addition, indoor lighting has meant
longer study hours for children: from 30 minutes a night when having
to use kerosene lamps to now nearly 90 minutes.
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CDM and Women
Future gender sensitive work
The secretariat is committed to improving the operation of the CDM in
order to make it both more flexible and robust.
Next to the gender-sensitive analysis of the CDM methodologies that
continues, strategic planning, both at the level of the UNFCCC secretariat
and the CDM Executive Board, has led to the formulation of a set
of activities dedicated to the enhancement of gender mainstreaming
through the CDM process.
These activities include:
• Enhancing the geographical reach of the CDM, which translates
into increased participation by vulnerable social groups, including
women and children;
• Ensuring operationalization of a loan scheme (CDM Loan Scheme);
• Assisting project development in least developed countries and
small island developing States;
• Developing top-down standards and standardized emissions
baselines, which could benefit the livelihoods of vulnerable
social groups;
• Implementing an e-learning course that covers the main aspects
of gender and the CDM.
16. United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change
14
CDM and Women
Conclusion
The CDM has already shown itself to have the potential to positively
impact the lives of women and children – by improving livelihoods and
health and allowing time for the pursuit of additional opportunities.
The mechanism is becoming more streamlined and efficient, with an
aim to improve uptake of these sorts of methodologies.
However, the methodologies and the benefits to women and children
that they bring only occur with the implementation of projects. It is
hoped that through this general overview of the female-friendly benefits
of some of the CDM methodologies, NGOs, project developers and others
will look to the mechanism as a way to help achieve their aims of
sustainable development and support for women and children. In
supporting access to renewable energy sources, as well as cleaner, more
efficient domestic appliances, it is clear that the CDM translates into
support for women, both in terms of health and overall quality of life.
17. 15
United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change
CDM and Women
References
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