The document discusses the four seasons and explains that the seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis, not its distance from the Sun. It notes that when it is winter in the Northern hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern hemisphere. The tilt of the Earth's axis means the sunlight strikes the ground more vertically in summer, heating the ground better for a longer period each day.

1. The Four Seasons

2. Spring Summer Autunm Winter There are four seasons:

3. Many people think that the seasons are due to the distance of the Earth from the Sun. But consider the following facts: The Earth’s orbit around the Sun is nearly a perfect circle. The Earth is slightly closer to the Sun in January and farther away from the Sun in July. Read the text below

4. While it is winter in the Northern hemisphere it is summer in the Southern hemisphere. If the seasons were due to our distance from the Sun both hemispheres would have the same seasons at the same time. In fact, the seasons are due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis. In summer the sunlight strikes the ground more vertically than in winter and heats the ground better. The sun is above the horizon for a longer period of time

6. Listen and fill in the gaps

8. The s__ shines more and the d___ begin to get warmer. S____g is a time when p____s and __ ees wake up after a long w____ nap. You can see many flower bl_____s and lots of i______s visiting them to collect n____r and __llen . There is a relationship be_____en plants and insects called mutualism: p______s get pollinated and insects get their f____ . Some plants are pollinated by birds, m________als or by the w_____. Spring

10. Summer The of pollinated flowers becomes a fruit. Inside the fruit are the Each one comes from an egg called . When fruits are completely they open and spread the seeds. Fill in the gaps with proper words from the list: ripened—ovary—seeds—ovule

12. Fill in the gaps with proper words from the list: root—embryo—minute—germinate—leaves—conditions—photosynthesis—wet Fall After some rains the ground becomes and seeds Inside the seed there is an that is, a plant waiting for favourable environmental The new plant produces a and a and the begin to make

14. When the turns cold plants . The doesn’t flow through the . are protected from freezing in special buds. This is the time to the fruit trees. Choose one wordfrom the list to fill in each gap: Sap Stems Hibernate Prune Leaves Weather Winter

15. Reproduction of plants and animals

16. Listen

17. Complete using words from the list: fspermatozoa—zygote—ovum—male—emale

19. Complete using words from the list: sepals—pollen grains—stigma—filament—ovules—pistil—style—anther—ovary—stamen.

20. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Write 4 sentences describing the numbered processes

21. Say the names of this part of the flower 1 2 5 3

22. Label the pictures

23. Label the part indicated by the arrow

24. Label the parts indicated by the arrows

26. What do you think this bee is doing? Resting Waiting for a mate Taking nectar Taking pollen Nothing Pollination

27. Describe what you see

28. Look carefully at the next picture and try to discover what is happening

30. Hints: 1. The bee is not looking for food 2. It is not taking a rest either 3. The bee is confused 4. The bee is in love with the flower. 5. It is a male bee 6. “He” thinks the flower is a she-bee

32. The bee is copulating with the flower. The bee is performing a pseudocopulation

33. Look carefully at the next picture and try to discover what is happening

35. Hints: 1. The bee is not looking for food 2. It is not taking a rest either 3. The bee has been deceived by the flower 4. The bee is drunk 5. The bee is an alcoholic

36. This flower attracts insects offering a strong substance that intoxicates them. The bee is very fond of this strong smell because...

37. The bee gathers this smell and uses it to attract females . The bee is getting dressed up. It is a male. It’s very vain

38. Birds and bats can also pollinate flowers

39. Even you can do it by yourself...

40. And the wind...

41. Look carefully at the next picture and try to discover what these pointy balls are

43. A microscopic view of some pollen grains. The picture was made with a scanning electronic microscope.

44. More pollen grains Pollinic tube

45. Fruits and seeds

47. Name these fruits

49. The End

50. Describe what you see in the next picture