This document summarizes a computerized clinical engineering management system (CCEMS) designed and implemented at the Ministry of Health in Jordan to manage over 30,000 pieces of medical equipment across various healthcare facilities. The CCEMS uses a network and web-based interface to connect different locations and allows for simultaneous access. It includes subsystems to manage maintenance, planning, purchasing, quality control and other clinical engineering activities. The system standardizes equipment and part coding, tracks inventory and services, generates reports, and aims to computerize all clinical engineering data collection and management in a customized way for the needs of the Jordanian health system. An evaluation found the CCEMS to be effective and unique compared to other international systems.
Bus Information Live Monitoring System software is a globally deployable, integrated, workflow based end-to-end system starting from searching bus routes to gathering entering details of the BUS. This is a complete application for Students as well as Transportation Staff. Vendors provide the information like, available routes, timings, etc. Students will have facility to view all the BUS details under college transportation. There is also scope to measure the user satisfaction regarding the BUS selection.
This is Just an overview how to present those slides which Describes Software Working....
its a General way of Representation....
Don't worry About Forms Shown inside...
Bus Information Live Monitoring System software is a globally deployable, integrated, workflow based end-to-end system starting from searching bus routes to gathering entering details of the BUS. This is a complete application for Students as well as Transportation Staff. Vendors provide the information like, available routes, timings, etc. Students will have facility to view all the BUS details under college transportation. There is also scope to measure the user satisfaction regarding the BUS selection.
This is Just an overview how to present those slides which Describes Software Working....
its a General way of Representation....
Don't worry About Forms Shown inside...
Taking into consideration the drivers’ state might be a serious challenge for designing new advanced driver
assistance systems. During this paper we present a driver assistance system strongly coupled to the user. Driver
Assistance by Augmented Reality for Intelligent Automotive is an augmented reality interface informed by a several
sensors. Communicating the presence of pedestrians or bicyclists to vehicle drivers may end up in safer interactions
with these vulnerable road users. Advanced knowledge about the presence of these users on the roadway is
particularly important when their presence isn't expected or when these users are out of range of the advanced safety
systems that are becoming a daily feature in vehicles today. For example, having advanced knowledge of a pedestrian
walking along a rural roadway is important to increasing driver awareness through in-vehicle warning messages that
provide an augmented version of the roadway ahead. Voice recognition system through an android platform adds
some good flavour during this project. The strategy of voice recognition through this platform is achieved by
converting the input voice signal into text of string and subsequently it's transmitted to embedded system which
contains an arduino atmega328 microcontroller through Bluetooth as a technique of serial communication between an
android application and a control system. The received text string on an arduino is also displayed on the AR Glass. As
connected vehicles start to enter the market, it's conceivable that when the vehicle sensors detect a pedestrian on a
rural roadway, the pedestrian presence is also communicated to vehicles upstream of the pedestrian location that
haven't reached the destination. This paper presents a survey of studies related to perception and cognitive attention
of drivers when this information is presented on Augmented Reality
IMPLEMENT FINGERPRINT AUTHENTICATION FOR EMPLOYEE AUTOMATION SYSTEMAM Publications,India
The project work is concerned with the implementation of biometric fingerprint authentication system which is an automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints for validating identity. The modern computer security is a battle between high security and low friction. Developers want users to use unique, complicated passwords for their apps to increase security. Employee Automation System is designed to ensure that the organization is equipped with the right level of human resource tracking for each separate department of the organization. The main feature of Employee Automation System is time tracking for employees. The system is implemented based on biometric fingerprint features that identifies certain or specific employee. The system can be accessible from remote network. The developed system also includes the employee fingerprint verification, employee attendance, employee tracking, employee leave, and salary payment and promotion modules. The operational activities of the system are accessed or controlled by three users, like Admin, Operator and Employee. The admin can access all the features, whereas the operator panel is designed to run the software in office time and takes fingerprint attendance. The employee panel is accessible by employee that shows profile information, last fingerprint attendance access, leaving/absent status of that month. The system is designed with client-server model and software methodology.
SRS for Online Medicine Ordering SystemUmmeKalsoom11
The purpose of this document is to deliver a detailed depiction of the Online Medicine Ordering System. It will explain the function and characteristics of the system, the boundaries, and purpose of the system, and all the external environment restrictions under which the system must operate and react successfully. Both the investors and the developers of the system will use this document for understanding and approval, respectively.
The project “Passport Automation System” is used in the effective dispatch of passport to all of the applicants. This system adopts a comprehensive approach to minimize the manual work and schedule resources, time in a cogent manner. The core of the system is to get the online registration form (with details such as name, address etc.,) filled by the applicant whose testament is verified for its genuineness by the Passport Automation System with respect to the already existing information in the database.
It aims at improving the efficiency in the Issue of Passport and reduces the complexities involved in it to the maximum possible extent.
231
Information
Systems Changes:
The Manager’s
Challenge
20
C H A P T E R
OVERVIEW: THE MANAGER’S CHALLENGE
Information systems changes are both a challenge and
an opportunity for the manager. Chapter 19 described
the overall healthcare system changes that are occurring
right now. This chapter follows up by discussing the tech-
nical aspects of both ICD-10, e-prescribing, and what you
need to know about implementing them. These changes
are expected to transition over a period of years (see Fig-
ure 19-1 in the preceding chapter for an overview of
compliance dates). During this transition period a man-
ager who understands the underlying technology issues
can develop and/or strengthen needed skills. Then, he
or she is in a position to support the implementation
plan and work to assist change within the organization.
SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS AFFECTED BY
THE ICD-10 CHANGE
The ICD-10 technology changes that we will discuss in
the following section impact a broad variety of systems
and applications. It is important for the manager to fully
understand the breadth and depth of change that is re-
quired by the technological transition from ICD-9 to
ICD-10. Figure 20-1 illustrates the types of systems and
applications that must change.
Twenty-five different examples of various systems and
applications are contained in Figure 20-1, divided into
three categories as follows:
1. Necessary revisions to vendor software and systems
2. Systems used to model or calculate that are impacted
3. Specifications that will need to be revised1
After completing this chapter,
you should be able to
1. Understand why the change to
ICD-10 codes is a technology
problem.
2. Compute ICD-10 training
costs.
3. Define lost productivity costs.
4. Understand the three
categories of “eligible
professionals” within the
e-prescribing incentive
program.
5. Understand the five
requirements for a qualified
e-prescribing system.
6. Understand why claim form
inputs are required to receive
e-prescribing incentive
payments.
P r o g r e s s N o t e s
ICD-10 TECHNOLOGY CHANGE
DETAILS
Examining the details of ICD-10 code set
changes will help you more fully understand
the technological problems that manage-
ment will face in this transition.
Understand Technology Issues and
Problems
The scope of change is illustrated in the
next three exhibits as follows.
Comparison of ICD-9-CM and
ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes
There were approximately 13,000 ICD-9-CM
diagnosis codes; now ICD-10-CM has ap-
proximately 68,000 diagnosis codes, or
more than a five hundred percent increase.
ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes had three to five
characters in length, while ICD-10-CM’s
characters are three to seven characters in
length. This generally means input fields
have to be lengthened in order to accom-
modate seven characters. In addition, ICD-
9-CM’s first digit may be alpha (E or V) or
numeric, and digits two to five are numeric,
while ICD-10-CM’s first digit is alpha, digits
two and.
Introduction to Embedded System Architecture and Design.docx.pdfArshak28
Embedded system architecture and design refers to the process of developing hardware and software components that are specifically designed to perform dedicated functions within a larger system. The architecture of an embedded system includes the selection and integration of microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory, and various peripherals to meet specific requirements. Embedded system design involves the creation of software algorithms and coding methodologies that enable the system to perform its intended tasks efficiently and reliably. This field encompasses various disciplines, including electronics, computer architecture, and software engineering, and plays a vital role in the development of a wide range of devices, from smartphones and appliances to automotive systems and industrial equipment.
For more visit : https://iies.in/
A Framework for Dead stock Management System for in-house computer engineerin...theijes
Equipment management is an important issue for the safety and cost in an institute. In addition, the use of an efficient information system effectively promotes the processing performance. The maintenance of deadstock’s information using paperwork is very difficult in terms of time. Deadstock management system to be used for in-house computer engineering department. The system is web based and uses intranet approach for communication between different users of the system. Through the related application, it has efficiently improved operation such as addition, modification and deletion of dead stock information. The system also generates report useful for arranging equipment’s for different purpose like practical exam and workshops. System also sends notification to users for effective and consistence maintenance of data. The system can be used to improve the work quality, reduce the maintenance cost and promote the safety of all equipment
Taking into consideration the drivers’ state might be a serious challenge for designing new advanced driver
assistance systems. During this paper we present a driver assistance system strongly coupled to the user. Driver
Assistance by Augmented Reality for Intelligent Automotive is an augmented reality interface informed by a several
sensors. Communicating the presence of pedestrians or bicyclists to vehicle drivers may end up in safer interactions
with these vulnerable road users. Advanced knowledge about the presence of these users on the roadway is
particularly important when their presence isn't expected or when these users are out of range of the advanced safety
systems that are becoming a daily feature in vehicles today. For example, having advanced knowledge of a pedestrian
walking along a rural roadway is important to increasing driver awareness through in-vehicle warning messages that
provide an augmented version of the roadway ahead. Voice recognition system through an android platform adds
some good flavour during this project. The strategy of voice recognition through this platform is achieved by
converting the input voice signal into text of string and subsequently it's transmitted to embedded system which
contains an arduino atmega328 microcontroller through Bluetooth as a technique of serial communication between an
android application and a control system. The received text string on an arduino is also displayed on the AR Glass. As
connected vehicles start to enter the market, it's conceivable that when the vehicle sensors detect a pedestrian on a
rural roadway, the pedestrian presence is also communicated to vehicles upstream of the pedestrian location that
haven't reached the destination. This paper presents a survey of studies related to perception and cognitive attention
of drivers when this information is presented on Augmented Reality
IMPLEMENT FINGERPRINT AUTHENTICATION FOR EMPLOYEE AUTOMATION SYSTEMAM Publications,India
The project work is concerned with the implementation of biometric fingerprint authentication system which is an automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints for validating identity. The modern computer security is a battle between high security and low friction. Developers want users to use unique, complicated passwords for their apps to increase security. Employee Automation System is designed to ensure that the organization is equipped with the right level of human resource tracking for each separate department of the organization. The main feature of Employee Automation System is time tracking for employees. The system is implemented based on biometric fingerprint features that identifies certain or specific employee. The system can be accessible from remote network. The developed system also includes the employee fingerprint verification, employee attendance, employee tracking, employee leave, and salary payment and promotion modules. The operational activities of the system are accessed or controlled by three users, like Admin, Operator and Employee. The admin can access all the features, whereas the operator panel is designed to run the software in office time and takes fingerprint attendance. The employee panel is accessible by employee that shows profile information, last fingerprint attendance access, leaving/absent status of that month. The system is designed with client-server model and software methodology.
SRS for Online Medicine Ordering SystemUmmeKalsoom11
The purpose of this document is to deliver a detailed depiction of the Online Medicine Ordering System. It will explain the function and characteristics of the system, the boundaries, and purpose of the system, and all the external environment restrictions under which the system must operate and react successfully. Both the investors and the developers of the system will use this document for understanding and approval, respectively.
The project “Passport Automation System” is used in the effective dispatch of passport to all of the applicants. This system adopts a comprehensive approach to minimize the manual work and schedule resources, time in a cogent manner. The core of the system is to get the online registration form (with details such as name, address etc.,) filled by the applicant whose testament is verified for its genuineness by the Passport Automation System with respect to the already existing information in the database.
It aims at improving the efficiency in the Issue of Passport and reduces the complexities involved in it to the maximum possible extent.
231
Information
Systems Changes:
The Manager’s
Challenge
20
C H A P T E R
OVERVIEW: THE MANAGER’S CHALLENGE
Information systems changes are both a challenge and
an opportunity for the manager. Chapter 19 described
the overall healthcare system changes that are occurring
right now. This chapter follows up by discussing the tech-
nical aspects of both ICD-10, e-prescribing, and what you
need to know about implementing them. These changes
are expected to transition over a period of years (see Fig-
ure 19-1 in the preceding chapter for an overview of
compliance dates). During this transition period a man-
ager who understands the underlying technology issues
can develop and/or strengthen needed skills. Then, he
or she is in a position to support the implementation
plan and work to assist change within the organization.
SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS AFFECTED BY
THE ICD-10 CHANGE
The ICD-10 technology changes that we will discuss in
the following section impact a broad variety of systems
and applications. It is important for the manager to fully
understand the breadth and depth of change that is re-
quired by the technological transition from ICD-9 to
ICD-10. Figure 20-1 illustrates the types of systems and
applications that must change.
Twenty-five different examples of various systems and
applications are contained in Figure 20-1, divided into
three categories as follows:
1. Necessary revisions to vendor software and systems
2. Systems used to model or calculate that are impacted
3. Specifications that will need to be revised1
After completing this chapter,
you should be able to
1. Understand why the change to
ICD-10 codes is a technology
problem.
2. Compute ICD-10 training
costs.
3. Define lost productivity costs.
4. Understand the three
categories of “eligible
professionals” within the
e-prescribing incentive
program.
5. Understand the five
requirements for a qualified
e-prescribing system.
6. Understand why claim form
inputs are required to receive
e-prescribing incentive
payments.
P r o g r e s s N o t e s
ICD-10 TECHNOLOGY CHANGE
DETAILS
Examining the details of ICD-10 code set
changes will help you more fully understand
the technological problems that manage-
ment will face in this transition.
Understand Technology Issues and
Problems
The scope of change is illustrated in the
next three exhibits as follows.
Comparison of ICD-9-CM and
ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes
There were approximately 13,000 ICD-9-CM
diagnosis codes; now ICD-10-CM has ap-
proximately 68,000 diagnosis codes, or
more than a five hundred percent increase.
ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes had three to five
characters in length, while ICD-10-CM’s
characters are three to seven characters in
length. This generally means input fields
have to be lengthened in order to accom-
modate seven characters. In addition, ICD-
9-CM’s first digit may be alpha (E or V) or
numeric, and digits two to five are numeric,
while ICD-10-CM’s first digit is alpha, digits
two and.
Introduction to Embedded System Architecture and Design.docx.pdfArshak28
Embedded system architecture and design refers to the process of developing hardware and software components that are specifically designed to perform dedicated functions within a larger system. The architecture of an embedded system includes the selection and integration of microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory, and various peripherals to meet specific requirements. Embedded system design involves the creation of software algorithms and coding methodologies that enable the system to perform its intended tasks efficiently and reliably. This field encompasses various disciplines, including electronics, computer architecture, and software engineering, and plays a vital role in the development of a wide range of devices, from smartphones and appliances to automotive systems and industrial equipment.
For more visit : https://iies.in/
A Framework for Dead stock Management System for in-house computer engineerin...theijes
Equipment management is an important issue for the safety and cost in an institute. In addition, the use of an efficient information system effectively promotes the processing performance. The maintenance of deadstock’s information using paperwork is very difficult in terms of time. Deadstock management system to be used for in-house computer engineering department. The system is web based and uses intranet approach for communication between different users of the system. Through the related application, it has efficiently improved operation such as addition, modification and deletion of dead stock information. The system also generates report useful for arranging equipment’s for different purpose like practical exam and workshops. System also sends notification to users for effective and consistence maintenance of data. The system can be used to improve the work quality, reduce the maintenance cost and promote the safety of all equipment
ANALYSIS OF SECURITY REQUIREMENTS OF FUTURISTIC MOBILE APPLICATIONSijistjournal
Advent of smart phones has brought with it revolution in mobile applications that are available for everyday functions. In this paper we review security requirements for apps from different domains that are communicating sensitive information over insecure network. Some of these apps are already available and some are expected to be introduced in future. We find that there are many parameters that affect security of apps but some are prominent compared to others based on domain of the app. Based on analysis of security requirements we determine the application domain most suitable for implementation of our proposed protocol.
Identifying an Appropriate Model for Information Systems Integration in the O...Eswar Publications
Nowadays organizations are using information systems for optimizing processes in order to increase coordination and interoperability across the organizations. Since Oil and Gas Industry is one of the large industries in whole of the world, there is a need to compatibility of its Information Systems (IS) which consists three categories of systems: Field IS, Plant IS and Enterprise IS to create interoperability and approach the
optimizing processes as its result. In this paper we introduce the different models of information systems integration, identify the types of information systems that are using in the upstream and downstream sectors of petroleum industry, and finally based on expert’s opinions will identify a suitable model for information systems integration in this industry.
Master Data, From Inspection to Analytics to Business DecisionPreston Johnson
Machinery inspection data comes in a variety of forms, from vibration to ultrasound to infrared and oil analysis to motor current and human observations.
Each data set has its own characteristics, its own ability to detect defects in our equipment, and its own data formats.
Unifying these data items into a collaborative system is a multi-step process, yielding a trans-formative life of data and resulting information.
This presentation describes the data types, initial meta data, and equipment conditioning indicating features we can extract from the data.
From this point, condition indicating features combine in new forms to provide a holistic view of equipment health when combined with domain knowledge.
The presentation describes the fusion of inspection data sources with encapsulated domain knowledge that facilitates rapid assessments of machine health.
Case studies and a review of commercial systems supporting these concepts are provided to illustrate data management concepts described.
As information technology continues to open new pathways in clinical diagnostics and broaden how we measure and define success, lab directors must consider how IT can complement their investment in automation. In fact, automation and IT systems can no longer be regarded as separate laboratory solutions, but rather must be viewed as a single entity that exists to maximize input and output across the laboratory continuum. With automation serving to centralize testing and tube throughput and IT to aggregate and display testing data quickly and accurately, the benefits of the whole clearly become more important than the sum of its parts.
That is why it is paramount to research the availability and capabilities of an IT system that can enhance an automation solution. When automation and IT functionality combine, the closed-system loop provides seamless, total process management at a magnitude far greater than can be achieved by an automation solution that lacks adequate IT support.
The water to be used for the preparation of haemodialysis fluids needs treatment to achieve the appropriate quality. The water treatment is provided by a water pre-treatment system which may include various components such as sediment filters, water softeners, carbon tanks, micro-filters, ultraviolet disinfection units, reverse osmosis units, ultrafilters and storage tanks. The components of the system will be determined by the quality of feed water and the ability of the overall system to produce and maintain appropriate water quality.
Daily a huge number of inpatient and outpatient surgical and non-surgical procedures are performed by using Reusable Medical Devices
One of the important measures that must be reliably performed is the appropriate cleaning of the reusable medical devices which come into contact with patient skin, blood and other body fluids and tissues.
In general and following a procedure, a medical device is contaminated with both visible and hidden bioburden. This bioburden or soil may contain hundreds if not millions of potentially infectious organisms. Any soil left on a device following cleaning can pose a risk to the patient.
Therefore, it is imperative that appropriate steps be taken to ensure a thorough cleaning process.
This manuscript describes the tools and programs used by the Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA&QC) department to monitor, control and evaluate activities carried out by the Directorate of Biomedical Engineering (DBE) at Jordanian Ministry of health (MOH) (30 hospital, 712 medical centers). The implemented QA&QC programs and procedures include measurement and monitoring of several performance indicators for services provided by DBE. The local designed Computerized Clinical Engineering Management System (CCEMS) is used to implement QA&QC procedures to monitor , analysis and evaluate different CE activates within DBE . The results of the implemented QA&QC tools and programs prove significant improvement of DBE activities for last three years.
Certified Expert Engineer in the fields of Design, Supervision and Consultation in Biomedical Engineering Projects ( certificate issued
Jordanian Engineering association (JEA), License certificate # 327)
1. Forth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems
March 19-22, 2009, Cairo, Egypt
202
Computerized Clinical Engineering Management System
Walid Tarawneh
Ministry of Health
Amman Jordan
P.O.Box 1438
00962799049449
walidst@gmail.com
Majeda Ghannam
Ministry of Health
Amman Jordan
P.O.Box 1438
00962799049288
yaqout11@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
This article describes a unique Computerized Clinical
Engineering Management System (CCEMS) designed, developed
and implemented at the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Jordan. The
system covers the automation of all related to medical equipment
(more than 30000 pieces of equipment) technical issues in 30
hospitals, 700 health centers, 420 dental clinics, 348 pediatrics
and mother care clinics, and 23 blood banks. Every medical
equipment was assigned an identity code that can be recognized
through a bar code scanning system, and similarly all other
involved parameters, such as hospitals, personnel, spare parts,
workshops, and others, are also coded comprehensively. The
system presents a powerful software package designed based on
Oracle and implemented using a network covering different
locations of the Directorate of Biomedical Engineering (DBE) at
the MOH all over Jordan (20 location including the DBE- center)
and through Web-based interactive connection. The CCEMS
includes major subsystem regarding the Clinical Engineering
(CE) activities such as; maintenance management, planning
management, contract management, purchasing and material
(spare parts) management and quality control management. The
system proves to be invaluable tool to manage, control, and report
all different parameters concerning the CE activities. The system
can read and report in both Arabic and English languages. All
system components were designed based on system requirement,
international standards [4] and MOH regulations in Jordan. The
system is implemented since 2004 and was evaluated and found to
be reliable effective, and unique compared with internationally
available systems.
Categories and Subject Descriptors
J.2 [Computer Applications]: Physical Sciences and Engineering
- Engineering
General Terms
Management and Design.
Keywords
Computerized Clinical Engineering Management System
(CCEMS), Ministry of Health (MOH), Directorate of Biomedical
Engineering (DBE), Clinical Engineering (CE).
1. INTRODUCTION
During the medical equipment life cycle an enormous amount of
data needs to be collected, stored, recovered, analyzed, followed
up and used to improve all related to medical equipment issues
and activities. Just gathering data for medical equipment will not
serve any purpose. In healthcare facilities the clinical engineers
are swimming in data, exerting great effort to get information,
knowledge and to perform action in base of medical equipment
data. Figure 1 shows the different sources of medical equipment
data, where too many data needs to be collected, managed,
analyzed and used. The computerization of medical equipment
data can save time, money and can minimize the human errors.
The rapid development in information technology and computer
science offers many solutions, programs, systems to computerize
the medical equipment data and information [1]. In the market,
there is a wide range of ready-made software packages that are
flexible enough for different clinical engineering management
systems [2]. Most of these systems present a complete solution to
all issues associated with a certain clinical engineering system.
Those packages mainly concentrate on equipment maintenance,
spare parts management, can't be customized to certain clinical
engineering needs and apply single language. Our aim was to
design a CCEMS that cover all aspects related to the CE
management system in Jordan MOH.
Figure 1. Sources of medical equipment data
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Figure 2 shows the main component handled by the system. The
whole software system was constructed using Oracle 8i, 1.7,
Developer 6 on the operating system windows 2000 NT. The
system is basically constructed from 63 interlinked data entry
screens distributed as shown in Table 1. The screens were
designed and interlinked according to actual workflow after
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for
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not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that
copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy
otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists,
requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.
Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and
Information Systems, March 19-22, 2009, Cairo, Egypt.
2. Forth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems
March 19-22, 2009, Cairo, Egypt
203
detailed analysis of the implemented at DBE - CE procedures.
The web based application of the system is done by using ASP
NET, which read / write from the same date base using SQL. As
shown in Figure 3, which represents the complete configuration of
the designed and implemented CCEMS, it covers all DBE
locations all over the country (departments and workshops),
where all CE departments have multiuser with simultaneous
access to the system. The system generates more than 90 reports
regarding all related to medical equipment matters and CE
activities. This reporting mechanism can be extended to cover
wider range of reports according to demand.
Figure 2. Main system components
Table 1. System data entry screens
No Screen Type No. Screens
1 Coding screens 15
2 Equipment inventory and tracking 3
3 Preventive and Corrective Maintenance 6
4 Purchase operations 5
5 Equipment planning 6
6 Spare parts control 4
7 Contract management 4
8 Equipment warranty 3
9 Training control 2
10 Quality control 4
11 Manuals and test equipment control 2
12
Personnel control Archiving and
document follows
9
Figure 3. The complete configuration of CCEMS
3. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
3.1 Standardizations and Coding
As an important factor in data collection we paid high attention to
standardizations and coding. All key data has been codified
instead of using hand writing text to avoid any sort of typo errors.
The following data has been coded: equipment names,
manufacturers, suppliers, equipment locations, models,
employees, equipment service priorities, spare parts, equipment
groups, technical groups, workshops, test equipments, DBE
stores, medical departments & units, countries and towns, files
and document references, document locations. Every piece of
medical equipment is assigned with 2 types of codes, the
inventory number and the class number. The inventory number is
an identity number that assign each unit in the medical equipment
inventory list, which shall be identified by the information
system. This was set to be a 6-digit number starting with letter M.
The first equipment is then given the inventory number M00001.
Within the software, the inventory number is assigned as a
primary key that is linked to basic equipment information. The
basic equipment information screen contains all basic information
about any equipment in the system (Figure 4). In addition to these
information's the screen shows the working condition, service
responsibility and priority, availability of manuals, current
running parts orders, the local agent of manufacturer, warrantee
status and the current unit price. For the class number (code
assigned to every type of medical equipment) the Universal
Medical Devices Nomenclature System (UMDNS) code from
ECRI [3] was adjusted and implemented. Every spare part was
assigned a unique 3-part code that is linked with store location,
equipment model number, and type of spare part. The code for
every spare part looks like the following model:
Spare part code = AA /BB / CCC
, where AA represents the location (store code); BB represents the
equipment group that part belong to (x-ray, sterilizer, dental,
suction …etc) and CCC, the serial number of part in the group.
Also every personnel working within DBE departments was
assigned with a unique 5-digit code, which is a serial number
starting with a ‘‘1’’ for biomedical engineers, ‘‘2’’ for biomedical
technicians, and ‘‘3’’ for others. The location coding is done
3. Forth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems
March 19-22, 2009, Cairo, Egypt
204
according to national geographical standard code and the assigned
by MOH coding tables, where every health facility is also
assigned with a 5-digit code. The coding system has also included
all other related parameters, including technical groups,
manufacturers, local representatives for manufacturers, and so on.
Figure 4. Basic information screen
3.2 Logging into System
Each employee was assigned a user name and pass word through
which he could enter to the system (Figure 5). According to the
job descriptions, some limitation has been implemented for
entering, changing and viewing data. The electronic signature is
made active according to the individual staff logged into the
system.
Figure 5.Employees coding screen
3.3 Users' Screens
The system, similar to other international systems, comprises
several users' screens. Some users' screens consist of sub screens.
All data entry screens are constructed as simple oracle forms with
fields linked to database system tables. Each screen depends on
the type of the procedure performed by the CE employees. As
mentioned before these screens were designed in accordance to
certain CE-procedures. For example a typical corrective
maintenance procedure is shown in Figure 6. The main
requirements to these users screen are to be: easy for use data
entry screens, have help menu, generate error messages/screens,
have on-line indicators that shows which fields can or can’t be
edited, "Pop-up" users facilities and that system should generate
some sub screens and messages to help the user for quick, correct
, better usage of the system. The help screens are obtained by
clicking F9 button while searching for certain code of equipment
type, location, part manufacturer, supplier, employee, model
…etc. The help messages are obtained: when a certain sequence is
needed, some fields are not allowed to be used by some users, or
when certain format of data is needed, information about some
fields...etc.
Figure 6. Typical maintenance procedure
The working order data entry screen is illustrated in Figure 7. The
screen allows the user to identify facility requesting equipment
service, type of service requested, whether the equipment
warranted or under contract, if so the user can contact the local
vendor or contractor via his fax or e-mail address. After finishing
certain maintenance job, the user writes the technical report, time
spend on job (including transport time) and sign
Figure 7. Working order data entry screen
electronically for completing the job. To follow up all incoming
working orders the CE open the shown in Figure 8 follow up
screen, which allows users the see pending jobs, clicking on
4. Forth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems
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certain job number will transfer the user to the working order
screen. The quality control approval of each job is done after
completing and if approved the job will disappear from the follow
up screen, if not the quality control staff had to write reason for
not approving in the quality control field in the working order.
The spare parts used in certain job are discharged via anther user
screen (Figure 9) where the job number is used as a primary key.
Any jobs done by vendors or contractors engineers are filled in
the same manner. The preventive maintenance users' screen are
divided to two type: one for scheduling the time of inspection for
certain type of medical equipment in different location within a
year (Figure 10.) and one to control the performed periodic
preventive maintenance jobs. All jobs and activities performed on
certain equipment are summarized on so called history card
screen (Figure 11), which analysis the time break for certain
equipment ,the repair cost, type of failure ,spare parts used
repairing time and preformed preventive maintenance jobs for
certain equipment. In the planning process the user receive all the
requests for new equipment form certain location in the screen
illustrated in Figure 12. After technical evaluation in respect to
the available units within that location and after
Figure 8. Working order follow up screen
Figure 9. Parts discharge screen
Figure 10. Preventive maintenance scheduling screen
Figure 11.History card screen
Figure 12. Registration screen for new requested equipment
approving the request, the system calculates the estimated cost of
such request and auto planned it for purchasing depending on
predetermined criteria (priority, available yearly budget and
others). The system also provide the responsible CE-department
to plan the location of each piece of equipment within certain
medical department or hospital as shown in Figure 13.and to
extract the technical specifications and purchasing condition from
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the data base for each item in the project. The purchasing users'
screens are divided to two general types: equipment purchasing
screens and spare parts purchasing screens. Each of these screen
consist of sub screens, which allows the user to follow up the
purchasing processes at each stage. The ordering of certain set of
spare part is performed by e-mail or fax messaging the local or
international vendors (figure 14). The illustrated in Figure 15 user
screen represent the final result of a purchasing process from
certain tender. The system contain many other user screens that
deal with different CE tasks and activities, but one of the most
interested applications toward the paperless work ,
communication, document flow tracking is the screen shown in
Figure 16, which present the documents archiving screen based on
a pre-scanned documents. The system codes these documents,
saves them in jpg file form, where they can be use later in CE
electronic messages/memos or communications via other screen.
Each user has a mail box to view the incoming messages /
memos, the attached documents to each message, to write his
comments and to follow up actions taken by others.
Figure 13.Equipment planning screen
Figure 14. Spare parts ordering screen
Figure 15.Equipment purchasing order registration screen
Figure 16. Documents archiving screen
4. SYSTEM'S REPORTS AND MESSAGES
The reporting capability of any system is a major indicator as to
the overall system performance. The CCEMS generate More than
90 reports. These reports can be classified to the following
categories : assets inventory reports (equipment, spare parts, test
equipment, maintenance tools, manuals and accessories available
within certain location), equipment status reports (faulty,
warranted, scraped, new installed, requested and planned for
purchasing equipment, equipment needs to be replaced next year
or during the next three year and equipment required to be
transfer to central workshop), equipment performance reports
(equipment up time and down time , mean time between failures,
failure analysis, equipment load, equipment level of utilization
used parts in certain equipment and others ), CE performance
reports (mean time to repair, the preventive maintenance
compliance, CE man hours analysis, CE work load analysis, jobs
and tasks performed by certain clinical engineer, technician,
working group or department during certain period of time,
pending jobs and others), cost analysis reports (cost effectiveness,
total cost of ownership, maintenance cost, parts cost,
transportation and man hours cost, contract cost, penalties
implemented to certain contractors or vendors, available or
released warranty bank security and performance bank security,
completed equipment or parts tenders and purchasing
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orders…etc), training reports (CE training programs, medical
staff training schedule, manufacturer training programs, user
faulty equipment training program, preformed service or user
training in certain model , type equipment) quality assurance and
control reports(pending jobs, frequently faulty equipment,
equipment safety, delays in jobs, performance working analysis of
certain engineer, working group or department, engineering down
time, customer complaints and satisfaction analysis ,quality
control yearly inspection plan, spare parts, manuals and test
equipment monitoring reports…etc), administrative and personal
reports(incoming or outgoing letters memos in certain subject,
waiting mails, vendors, local agent companies , service providers
and manufacturers address and field of work, staff assessment
staff vacations, leaves, sickness, salary, allowances, incentives
and position …etc). Figures 17 & 18 illustrate some example of
the system reports. On the other hand the system generates a
number of messages to warn and help user for further actions. The
help massages are obtained when a certain sequence is needed,
some fields are not allowed to be used by some users, certain
format of data is needed, information about some fields….etc,
while the warning messages are obtained to inform the user for
certain condition (time to perform preventive maintenance plan,
reaching the minimum stock level for certain spare part or group
of parts, exceeding certain time for an equipment without
servicing, equipment that will be out of warranty within one
month, exceeding the acceptable maintenance cost percentage,
purchasing of available in stock parts, warning when in-house CE
intends to service warrantees or contracts equipment and many
others messages. Figure 19 shows an example of these warning
messages.
Figure 17. Equipment failure analysis report
5. CONCLUSIONS
The CCEMS is implemented since July 2004 and was evaluated
and found to be reliable effective and unique tool for in-house CE
departments compared with internationally available systems. It is
a tailor made (designed) software system in accordance to DBE
procedures, activities and rules. It exactly match the requirements,
processes and terminology, which in-house staff and departments
know better than the outside vendors, more easy to be
customized, implementation the CCEMS was developed and
continue to be developed. Screens and reports are formed with
aesthetic look, user friendliness, and easy for use. Since the first
time of system developed upon the request of the DBE-
departments and staff. The system implementation has shown the
following results: achieving the ISO 9000/2001 certifications to
perform all different activities of CE by a computerized system, it
shows simplicity and immediate adaptation by all employees, it
has the ability to deal with the huge data and parameters
associated to CE.
Figure 18. Down time equipment report
Figure 19. Example of warning messages
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Our thanks to all DBE clinical engineers, technicians and others
employees for their help and support.
7. REFERENCES
[1] Cram N. Computerized maintenance management systems: a
review of a available products. J Clin Eng. Spring 1998.
[2] Cohen T. Computerized maintenance management systems.
J Clin Eng. Summer 2001.
[3] Emergency Care Research Institution (ECRI), Universal
Medical Device Nomenclature System, 2003 and 2007
Product Categories Thesaurus.
[4] Association for the Advancement of Medical
Instrumentation, Medical device software- Software life cycle
processes American National Standard ANSI/AAMI
SW68:2001