1) Germany began openly rearming in 1935 in violation of the Treaty of Versailles, while Italy invaded Ethiopia, testing the resolve of the League of Nations which took no action. 2) In 1936, Germany remilitarized the Rhineland and signed an alliance with Italy, while a civil war broke out in Spain between nationalists backed by Germany and Italy and republicans. 3) Germany continued expanding by annexing Austria in 1938 and demanding the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia, which Britain and France acquiesced to in the Munich Agreement hoping to appease Hitler, despite recognizing this would not satisfy German ambitions for long.