Proponents believe that increase in cash flows could potentially increase the stock returns of consumer goods firms quoted in Nigeria Stock Exchange while opponents argue and equally criticize that fact. Hence, this study examined the effects of cash flow on stock returns of consumer goods firms for a period of 2010 2019. The study was anchored on agency theory. Panel data were gotten from the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE and the data collected were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed Cash flows from operating activities has no significant effect on stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria, cash flow from investing activities does not have significant effect on the stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria, Cash flows from financing activities has no significant effect on stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria, Free cash flow has positive and significant effect on stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. On the basis of the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that there is need for consumer goods industry to improve on their operating cash flow by making money available for this purpose for the general benefit of the economy. The management should embark on effective intermediation drive which will provide deep source of fund for this industry. Government should adopt a viable policy that will enable this industry to expand their scope of business and firm size of this industry should be improved. The study also revealed that if free cash flow will be well managed, it will affect the stock returns policy of a firm positively. Ojimba, Francisca | Okegbe, T. O. | Ifurueze, M. S. "Cash Flow Activities and Stock Returns: Evidence from Nigerian Consumer Goods Firms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47626.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47626/cash-flow-activities-and-stock-returns-evidence-from-nigerian-consumer-goods-firms/ojimba-francisca
Growth Implications of Managerial Finance in Business: Empirical Evidence fro...Premier Publishers
The effective management of business finance is critically dependent on the proper understanding of the interrelationships between different dimensions of financial management and growth performance of the business. This study examines the relationship between selected managerial finance functions and growth of business in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation model. The results show that all the managerial functions selected for the study are positively correlated with growth, but with varying levels of significance. The implication of the results is that, given the diversity and specialized nature of managerial finance, every dimension of management relating to financial resources should be taken seriously to ensure long-term sustainable growth of business.
Corporate Earnings, Dividend Payment, and Share Price Movements of Deposit Mo...Premier Publishers
This study sought to examine the dynamic relationship between corporate earnings, dividend payments and market prices of Nigerian deposit money banks’ shares. Time series and cross-sectional data covering seven years (2009-2015) were sourced from the selected banks published annual reports and accounts. Using both panel data regressions and granger causality tests, the static and dynamic relationships amongst corporate earnings, dividend information and market prices of shares were examined. Results from the study revealed that both corporate earnings and dividend payout have positive and significant impact on market price of shares. It was also discovered that corporate earnings and dividend information granger cause market prices of Nigerian banks shares. It is therefore recommended amongst others that management of Nigerian banks should place emphasis on profitability in all their operations; design appropriate dividend policy that should maximize stock returns and above all deposit money banks corporate managers should consider several other variables such as investment opportunities, available financing, tax and prevailing interest rates before declaring dividend to shareholders.
Analysis of the Influence of Bank Governance on Cash Holdings of Banks in Ghanaijtsrd
The purpose of current paper is to examine the impact of bank governance CG on cash holdings CH of universal banks in Ghana. Different characteristics of CG including board independence, board size, insider ownership and CEO duality were examined to check their impact on CH of banks. The panel data on 25 universal banks covering the period of 2009 2018 were used for the study. The panel least square repression model was utilized where the Eviews computer software version 11.0 was used for analysis of the data. The correlations analysis and Panel least square regression were used as the key analytical techniques. Findings from the study reveal that, Board size, working capital and Bank size constitute the predominant statistically significant factors that contributes to cash holdings among the universal banks. Hence Board size as significant corporate governance dimension has negative effect on cash holdings as it reduces cash holdings of the banks. The results show that CEO Duality has a positive but insignificant impact on Cash Holdings of the universal banks while board independent and insider ownership have negative but statistically insignificant influence on cash holdings of the universal banks. The study contributes to shaping the Bank governance policies for universal banks and the financial sector in the developing countries. Samuel Asubonteng | Yusheng Kong "Analysis of the Influence of Bank Governance on Cash Holdings of Banks in Ghana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38139.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38139/analysis-of-the-influence-of-bank-governance-on-cash-holdings-of-banks-in-ghana/samuel-asubonteng
Impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capital...inventionjournals
Panel data has been collected for 44 Middle Eastern banks that are operated during 2005 to 2014 in different Middle Eastern countries. Secondary data has been collected primarily through the DataStream database. The study is conducted to investigate the impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capitalization of the Middle Eastern banks. Results of Hausman test have explained that fixed effect model is appropriate for the analysis. The result of multiple regression have shown that market capitalization has positive relationship with ROI while negative relationship with credit risk, inflation, and year dummy for the Middle Eastern banks. Furthermore, no relationship has been observed between market capitalization and the ROA, ROE, growth and exchange rate for the Middle Eastern banks.
A Study on Ratio Analysis at Accord Puducherryijtsrd
The main aim of the study is to investigate the ratio analysis of ACCORD, Puducherry. The financial decision plays a vital role in improving the growth of any organization. The main goal of the accounting department in the firm is to measuring the performance of the organization to its profitability and also measuring the relationship between the net incomes to equity. The data in the present study is fully based on secondary data and it is collected from the past and present performance of ACCORD Puducherry providing financial assistant to entrepreneur. In order to analyze the financial performance of the organization, the ratio analysis, and trend analysis is used. The result clearly shows that there is high degree of current ratio between the net income and equity, and satisfactory level of trend analysis is high in the present year Pramodh. V | Abinayaselvan. V | Sindhuja. K "A Study on Ratio Analysis at Accord Puducherry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29172.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29172/a-study-on-ratio-analysis-at-accord-puducherry/pramodh-v
Insider Trading in Capital Market A Legal PerspectiveYogeshIJTSRD
The term insider trading is popularly used in the negative sense as it is perceived that the persons having access to the price sensitive and unpublished information used the same for their personal gains. However insider trading per se does not mean any illegal conduct. It encompasses both legal as well as illegal conduct. Ms. Garima Dhaka Sangwan "Insider Trading in Capital Market: A Legal Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43877.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/43877/insider-trading-in-capital-market-a-legal-perspective/ms-garima-dhaka-sangwan
Impact on NPAs on the performance of UCO Bank: A Studyijtsrd
Indian banking sector has been facing terrible problem due to the deterioration quality of assets which is increasing gradually. The growth of NPA has a direct impact on the overall performance of the bank. The problems of NPAs not only affecting the bank but also affect the entire economy. The present study is analytical in nature and completely based on secondary data analysed by using accounting and statistical tools. The UCO Bank was established before the independence and worked successfully, but now facing various problems due to NPAs. In this above background the present study assess the financial strength, quality of loan assets and NPA management and also discussed the impact of NPAs on the performance of UCO Bank as well as the recovery performance of NPAs. Sanjay Dawn | Dr. Subhas Chandra Sarkar"Impact on NPAs on the performance of UCO Bank: A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18218.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/18218/impact-on-npas-on-the-performance-of-uco-bank-a-study/sanjay-dawn
This study brings to an academia table the discussion on whether investment incentives are a
motivator or a gift and also explores the moderating effects of Investors‟ Perceptions on Stock market
Performance. By use of key word characters the search initially identified 93 published and unpublished research
papers and after a tentative scrutiny, 66 papers were selected in a random sampling manner in order to give the
birth to this discussion paper. Exploratory research design was used. The key objective of this article was to
investigate on the question as to whether incentives are a gift or a motivator. The study findings reveal than
investor perceptions affects stock market performance more than incentives do. The paper concludes that the
availability, adequacy, and timeliness of relevant information about marketable securities are important for both
pricing efficiency and market confidence. Investment incentives work well in an ideal world to promote
investment while investors‟ perceptions are relevant in the real world. Hence, stock market incentives were
concluded as being a gift and not a motivator for investors to make investment decisions at the stock market.
Growth Implications of Managerial Finance in Business: Empirical Evidence fro...Premier Publishers
The effective management of business finance is critically dependent on the proper understanding of the interrelationships between different dimensions of financial management and growth performance of the business. This study examines the relationship between selected managerial finance functions and growth of business in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation model. The results show that all the managerial functions selected for the study are positively correlated with growth, but with varying levels of significance. The implication of the results is that, given the diversity and specialized nature of managerial finance, every dimension of management relating to financial resources should be taken seriously to ensure long-term sustainable growth of business.
Corporate Earnings, Dividend Payment, and Share Price Movements of Deposit Mo...Premier Publishers
This study sought to examine the dynamic relationship between corporate earnings, dividend payments and market prices of Nigerian deposit money banks’ shares. Time series and cross-sectional data covering seven years (2009-2015) were sourced from the selected banks published annual reports and accounts. Using both panel data regressions and granger causality tests, the static and dynamic relationships amongst corporate earnings, dividend information and market prices of shares were examined. Results from the study revealed that both corporate earnings and dividend payout have positive and significant impact on market price of shares. It was also discovered that corporate earnings and dividend information granger cause market prices of Nigerian banks shares. It is therefore recommended amongst others that management of Nigerian banks should place emphasis on profitability in all their operations; design appropriate dividend policy that should maximize stock returns and above all deposit money banks corporate managers should consider several other variables such as investment opportunities, available financing, tax and prevailing interest rates before declaring dividend to shareholders.
Analysis of the Influence of Bank Governance on Cash Holdings of Banks in Ghanaijtsrd
The purpose of current paper is to examine the impact of bank governance CG on cash holdings CH of universal banks in Ghana. Different characteristics of CG including board independence, board size, insider ownership and CEO duality were examined to check their impact on CH of banks. The panel data on 25 universal banks covering the period of 2009 2018 were used for the study. The panel least square repression model was utilized where the Eviews computer software version 11.0 was used for analysis of the data. The correlations analysis and Panel least square regression were used as the key analytical techniques. Findings from the study reveal that, Board size, working capital and Bank size constitute the predominant statistically significant factors that contributes to cash holdings among the universal banks. Hence Board size as significant corporate governance dimension has negative effect on cash holdings as it reduces cash holdings of the banks. The results show that CEO Duality has a positive but insignificant impact on Cash Holdings of the universal banks while board independent and insider ownership have negative but statistically insignificant influence on cash holdings of the universal banks. The study contributes to shaping the Bank governance policies for universal banks and the financial sector in the developing countries. Samuel Asubonteng | Yusheng Kong "Analysis of the Influence of Bank Governance on Cash Holdings of Banks in Ghana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38139.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38139/analysis-of-the-influence-of-bank-governance-on-cash-holdings-of-banks-in-ghana/samuel-asubonteng
Impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capital...inventionjournals
Panel data has been collected for 44 Middle Eastern banks that are operated during 2005 to 2014 in different Middle Eastern countries. Secondary data has been collected primarily through the DataStream database. The study is conducted to investigate the impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capitalization of the Middle Eastern banks. Results of Hausman test have explained that fixed effect model is appropriate for the analysis. The result of multiple regression have shown that market capitalization has positive relationship with ROI while negative relationship with credit risk, inflation, and year dummy for the Middle Eastern banks. Furthermore, no relationship has been observed between market capitalization and the ROA, ROE, growth and exchange rate for the Middle Eastern banks.
A Study on Ratio Analysis at Accord Puducherryijtsrd
The main aim of the study is to investigate the ratio analysis of ACCORD, Puducherry. The financial decision plays a vital role in improving the growth of any organization. The main goal of the accounting department in the firm is to measuring the performance of the organization to its profitability and also measuring the relationship between the net incomes to equity. The data in the present study is fully based on secondary data and it is collected from the past and present performance of ACCORD Puducherry providing financial assistant to entrepreneur. In order to analyze the financial performance of the organization, the ratio analysis, and trend analysis is used. The result clearly shows that there is high degree of current ratio between the net income and equity, and satisfactory level of trend analysis is high in the present year Pramodh. V | Abinayaselvan. V | Sindhuja. K "A Study on Ratio Analysis at Accord Puducherry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29172.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29172/a-study-on-ratio-analysis-at-accord-puducherry/pramodh-v
Insider Trading in Capital Market A Legal PerspectiveYogeshIJTSRD
The term insider trading is popularly used in the negative sense as it is perceived that the persons having access to the price sensitive and unpublished information used the same for their personal gains. However insider trading per se does not mean any illegal conduct. It encompasses both legal as well as illegal conduct. Ms. Garima Dhaka Sangwan "Insider Trading in Capital Market: A Legal Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43877.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/43877/insider-trading-in-capital-market-a-legal-perspective/ms-garima-dhaka-sangwan
Impact on NPAs on the performance of UCO Bank: A Studyijtsrd
Indian banking sector has been facing terrible problem due to the deterioration quality of assets which is increasing gradually. The growth of NPA has a direct impact on the overall performance of the bank. The problems of NPAs not only affecting the bank but also affect the entire economy. The present study is analytical in nature and completely based on secondary data analysed by using accounting and statistical tools. The UCO Bank was established before the independence and worked successfully, but now facing various problems due to NPAs. In this above background the present study assess the financial strength, quality of loan assets and NPA management and also discussed the impact of NPAs on the performance of UCO Bank as well as the recovery performance of NPAs. Sanjay Dawn | Dr. Subhas Chandra Sarkar"Impact on NPAs on the performance of UCO Bank: A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18218.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/18218/impact-on-npas-on-the-performance-of-uco-bank-a-study/sanjay-dawn
This study brings to an academia table the discussion on whether investment incentives are a
motivator or a gift and also explores the moderating effects of Investors‟ Perceptions on Stock market
Performance. By use of key word characters the search initially identified 93 published and unpublished research
papers and after a tentative scrutiny, 66 papers were selected in a random sampling manner in order to give the
birth to this discussion paper. Exploratory research design was used. The key objective of this article was to
investigate on the question as to whether incentives are a gift or a motivator. The study findings reveal than
investor perceptions affects stock market performance more than incentives do. The paper concludes that the
availability, adequacy, and timeliness of relevant information about marketable securities are important for both
pricing efficiency and market confidence. Investment incentives work well in an ideal world to promote
investment while investors‟ perceptions are relevant in the real world. Hence, stock market incentives were
concluded as being a gift and not a motivator for investors to make investment decisions at the stock market.
In its mid-year report on the healthcare industry, Silicon Valley Bank analyzes the fundraising, investment, M&A and IPO activity of private, venture-backed biopharma, medical device and diagnostic/tools companies. Report author Jonathan Norris also provides his view of what's on the horizon for the second half of 2016.
In our annual report on the healthcare industry, Silicon Valley Bank analyzes the fundraising, investment, M&A and IPO activity of private, venture-backed biopharma, medical device and diagnostic/tools companies.
Trends in Healthcare Investments and Exits: Mid-Year 2017Silicon Valley Bank
In our mid-year 2017 report on healthcare investing, SVB analyzed the fundraising, investment, M&A and IPO activity of private, venture-backed biopharma, medical device and diagnostic/tools companies.
Investment and fundraising in the healthcare ecosystem saw a banner first half of 2017, driven in part by advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning for healthcare applications and a surge in Series A investments, particularly in biopharma.
Macroeconomic and Institutional Determinants of Capital Market Performance in...Fakir Tajul Islam
This paper examines the institutional and macroeconomic
determinants of stock market performance using data in the last 20 years starting from 1995 to 2015. In this
paper, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), inflation rate and Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI) inflows were used as the proxy of macroeconomic determinants, whereas market capitalization, total
issued capital and market turnover of Dhaka Stock Exchange were the proxy of institutional determinants of
capital market performance.
Silicon Valley Bank's Life Science and Healthcare Startup Outlook Report examines how the industry's executives view 2017's opportunities and challenges. The report includes startups' thoughts on public policy issues as well as their expectations for fundraising and hiring.
In the process of R&D globalization, due to market demand and preferential policies, many multinational companies choose to invest in R&D in China. With the increase of labor costs in coastal areas and the rapid economic development of the central and western regions, multinational companies have already shifted from coastal areas to central and western regions when choosing R&D regions in China, especially in Shaanxi Province. Therefore, studying the character of R&D investment and operating performance of Multinational Corporation in Shaanxi Province has important practical significance. This article uses the data of the R&D investment of multinational corporation in the joint annual inspection of Shaanxi Province in 2018 as the sample and uses EXCEL software to conduct data analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of the character of R&D and investment of multinational corporation in Shaanxi Province, business characteristics and business performance. And it is concluded that the R&D investment of multinational corporation in Shaanxi Province has a series of characteristics such as concentration of distribution, concentration of enterprise scale, and overall good performance of operating performance.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
The SVB State of the Markets report provides a quarterly update on the health and productivity of the global innovation economy. This quarter's report includes a special section on the booming Chinese tech industry.
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
Financial Structure and the Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Fi...ijtsrd
The study investigated the effect of financial structure on the financial performance of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study used profit after tax PAT to represented financial performance as the dependent variable while financial structure was disintegrated into Short Term Debt STD , Long Term Debt LTD , share capital SC and retained earnings RE as the independent variable. The data for the study were obtained from the Financial Statement and Annual Reports of the selected firms. The data set comprised fifty 50 observations comprising five year time series data spanning 2010 to 2019 from ten firms in the consumer goods sector. The panel regression technique based on Fixed and Random Effects were used for data analyses. The Hausman test showed that the Fixed Effect model is more suitable for the study. The findings revealed that STD and SC have significant positive effects on the PAT of consumer goods firms in Nigeria while LTD and RE were found to have positive but no significant effect on the PAT of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study conclude that b working capital management is an efficient tool for the consumer goods subsector in Nigeria. Among the contributions of the study is the use of all the four sources of funds and the use of profit after tax that tends to capture the overall effect of the various fund sources on the holistic profitability of the consumer goods firms. The recommendations included use of share capital for long term investment and working capital management for operations. Daniel, Prince Chinwendu | Dr. Joseph A. Nduka "Financial Structure and the Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37967.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/37967/financial-structure-and-the-financial-performance-of-quoted-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/daniel-prince-chinwendu
What does the rest of 2016 hold for innovation companies? In a mid-year update on State of the Markets, the SVB Analytics team analyzed data from the first half of 2016 to identify key trends impacting SVB's clients.
Establishing the effectiveness of market ratios in predicting financial distr...oircjournals
Financial distress research of companies has attracted a growing attention in the recent past. This phenomenon of financial distress in public companies has been witnessed by a number of corporate failures and the increase in delisting of listed companies. This study therefore attempts determine the effectiveness of market ratios on financial distress of listed firms in Nairobi Security Exchange Market, Kenya. Liability management theory, was reviewed which provides a foundation for both liquidity ratio and financial distress. The study used a panel study is an observational study. The target population will be 62 listed companies in Nairobi Security Exchange Market as indicated in from year 2011-2015. The entire population will be used in this study. The study will use document analysis by getting panel data from listed companies in Nairobi Security Exchange Market. Panel data is a good indicator or measure of financial distress. Descriptive and inferential statistics method will be used for data analysis and interpretation. Data was presented using tables and diagrams. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence level) from OLS pooled regression (fixed and random effect) which shows the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable. The findings show that market ratio has a positive and significant effect on financial distress, (β = 0.593; p< 0.05). This study is significantly important in that it will enhance efficient management and financing of working capital can increase the operating profitability ratio.
Financial distress research of companies has attracted a growing attention in the recent past. This phenomenon of financial distress in public companies has been witnessed by a number of corporate failures and the increase in delisting of listed companies. This study therefore attempts determine the effectiveness of market ratios on financial distress of listed firms in Nairobi Security Exchange Market, Kenya. Liability management theory, was reviewed which provides a foundation for both liquidity ratio and financial distress. The study used a panel study is an observational study. The target population will be 62 listed companies in Nairobi Security Exchange Market as indicated in from year 2011-2015. The entire population will be used in this study. The study will use document analysis by getting panel data from listed companies in Nairobi Security Exchange Market. Panel data is a good indicator or measure of financial distress. Descriptive and inferential statistics method will be used for data analysis and interpretation. Data was presented using tables and diagrams. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence level) from OLS pooled regression (fixed and random effect) which shows the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable. The findings show that market ratio has a positive and significant effect on financial distress, (β = 0.593; p< 0.05). This study is significantly important in that it will enhance efficient management and financing of working capital can increase the operating profitability ratio.
USA Podiatry Market High Level OverviewNiraj Singhvi
This report is prepared by Maple Growth Partners, an investment research and strategic advisory firm.
The primary purpose of this quick-turnaround project was to provide a high-level market overview of podiatry practices’ growth prospects and market dynamics in the US. Our client, a US-based healthcare private equity investment professional, was largely interested in understanding the prevailing market trends, growth drivers, and podiatry economics.
Major pointers we highlighted for podiatry industry investment consideration:
- While podiatry overhead expenses has increased significantly, podiatrists are able to pass on the incremental cost to the patient/payer with a year in lag
- Current supply of ~13,000 podiatrists are most likely meeting sufficient portion of the unmet demand and this supply-demand gap will likely diminish going forward
- High student debt will likely inhibit incoming podiatrists to start their own practice and will likely compel them to join a group practice
- Podiatry is a local/regional play as opposed to other limited practitioners such as dentists which is truly a national play
Following trends were presented that influenced the economics of a podiatry practice:
- Gross income and net income for overall types of US podiatry practices have increased in recent years
- Contrary to the market perception, gross income for solo practices in the US has shown signs of decent growth in recent years
- On an overall basis (both solo and group practices) for net income, recently-formed group practices have been driving up the net income range for practices that are less than 10 years old
- They are utilizing new tech to differentiate themselves and to improve the diagnosis and treatment quality
- Podiatrists are looking to utilize assistance of nurse practitioners and physician assistants
- Share of older practices (>30 years) and aging podiatrists (>61 years) has been increasing in recent years
We had also included podiatry transactions in the previous 10 years; one-pager profiles of major competitors; and regulations by states.
Silicon Valley Bank’s annual Startup Outlook survey provides insight into how startups in the US, UK and China are feeling about the year ahead. The 2016 report finds that while startups across the globe are eternally optimistic, they are preparing for a new reality.
Learn more about the Startup Outlook Report and view the UK and China reports at www.svb.com/IEO.
Economists polled expect status quo in forthcoming monetary policy but rate cut likely in first half of FY 2017-18; Union Budget 2017-18 to be expansionary with fiscal stimulus to counter effects of demonetisation
Liquidity and Financial Performance A Correlational Analysis of Quoted Non Fi...ijtsrd
This study explored the interactions between liquidity and the financial performance of quoted non financial firms in Ghana. The study was correlational as it sought to examine the relationship between liquidity and the firms' viability. From the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient technique of data analysis, liquidity had a significant relationship with the firms' financial performance as measured by ROA, but insignificant relationship with the firms' financial performance as measured by ROE and ROCE. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that, the firms can improve their final bottom line by proficiently handling their liquid resources. Yusheng Kong | Mohammed Musah | Andrew Osei Agyemang "Liquidity and Financial Performance: A Correlational Analysis of Quoted Non-Financial Firms in Ghana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25248.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/25248/liquidity-and-financial-performance-a-correlational-analysis-of-quoted-non-financial-firms-in-ghana/yusheng-kong
Effect of Financial Ratios on Firm Performance Study of Selected Brewery Firm...ijtsrd
The study assessed the effect of financial ratios on performance of Quoted Breweries firms in Nigeria. It made use of ex post facto research design. Data were gotten from secondary sources obtained from NSE fact books and annual reports accounts of the selected Breweries Companies. The population of the study consisted of thirteen 13 quoted Breweries firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 31st December, 2018. Four 4 of the quoted Breweries firms are selected to form the sample of the study for the period of nine 9 years 2010 – 2018 . The relevant data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between current ratio and firm performance but negative effect. Debt equity ratio has a significant effect on return on asset of Nigerian Breweries. The result of the study concludes that Nigerian breweries companies are relatively using an optimal mix of debt to equity which is evident from the significant positive relationship of debt equity ratio with financial performance of the Nigerian Breweries. The researchers recommended that the management should employ all carefulness while financing with long term debt instruments endeavor to find out the best and optimal combination of long term debt and equity that will impact positively on the value of the firm. Agbata, Amaka Elizabeth | Osingor, Arinze Stanley | Ezeala, George "Effect of Financial Ratios on Firm Performance: Study of Selected Brewery Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45177.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/45177/effect-of-financial-ratios-on-firm-performance-study-of-selected-brewery-firms-in-nigeria/agbata-amaka-elizabeth
In its mid-year report on the healthcare industry, Silicon Valley Bank analyzes the fundraising, investment, M&A and IPO activity of private, venture-backed biopharma, medical device and diagnostic/tools companies. Report author Jonathan Norris also provides his view of what's on the horizon for the second half of 2016.
In our annual report on the healthcare industry, Silicon Valley Bank analyzes the fundraising, investment, M&A and IPO activity of private, venture-backed biopharma, medical device and diagnostic/tools companies.
Trends in Healthcare Investments and Exits: Mid-Year 2017Silicon Valley Bank
In our mid-year 2017 report on healthcare investing, SVB analyzed the fundraising, investment, M&A and IPO activity of private, venture-backed biopharma, medical device and diagnostic/tools companies.
Investment and fundraising in the healthcare ecosystem saw a banner first half of 2017, driven in part by advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning for healthcare applications and a surge in Series A investments, particularly in biopharma.
Macroeconomic and Institutional Determinants of Capital Market Performance in...Fakir Tajul Islam
This paper examines the institutional and macroeconomic
determinants of stock market performance using data in the last 20 years starting from 1995 to 2015. In this
paper, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), inflation rate and Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI) inflows were used as the proxy of macroeconomic determinants, whereas market capitalization, total
issued capital and market turnover of Dhaka Stock Exchange were the proxy of institutional determinants of
capital market performance.
Silicon Valley Bank's Life Science and Healthcare Startup Outlook Report examines how the industry's executives view 2017's opportunities and challenges. The report includes startups' thoughts on public policy issues as well as their expectations for fundraising and hiring.
In the process of R&D globalization, due to market demand and preferential policies, many multinational companies choose to invest in R&D in China. With the increase of labor costs in coastal areas and the rapid economic development of the central and western regions, multinational companies have already shifted from coastal areas to central and western regions when choosing R&D regions in China, especially in Shaanxi Province. Therefore, studying the character of R&D investment and operating performance of Multinational Corporation in Shaanxi Province has important practical significance. This article uses the data of the R&D investment of multinational corporation in the joint annual inspection of Shaanxi Province in 2018 as the sample and uses EXCEL software to conduct data analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of the character of R&D and investment of multinational corporation in Shaanxi Province, business characteristics and business performance. And it is concluded that the R&D investment of multinational corporation in Shaanxi Province has a series of characteristics such as concentration of distribution, concentration of enterprise scale, and overall good performance of operating performance.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
The SVB State of the Markets report provides a quarterly update on the health and productivity of the global innovation economy. This quarter's report includes a special section on the booming Chinese tech industry.
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
Financial Structure and the Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Fi...ijtsrd
The study investigated the effect of financial structure on the financial performance of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study used profit after tax PAT to represented financial performance as the dependent variable while financial structure was disintegrated into Short Term Debt STD , Long Term Debt LTD , share capital SC and retained earnings RE as the independent variable. The data for the study were obtained from the Financial Statement and Annual Reports of the selected firms. The data set comprised fifty 50 observations comprising five year time series data spanning 2010 to 2019 from ten firms in the consumer goods sector. The panel regression technique based on Fixed and Random Effects were used for data analyses. The Hausman test showed that the Fixed Effect model is more suitable for the study. The findings revealed that STD and SC have significant positive effects on the PAT of consumer goods firms in Nigeria while LTD and RE were found to have positive but no significant effect on the PAT of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study conclude that b working capital management is an efficient tool for the consumer goods subsector in Nigeria. Among the contributions of the study is the use of all the four sources of funds and the use of profit after tax that tends to capture the overall effect of the various fund sources on the holistic profitability of the consumer goods firms. The recommendations included use of share capital for long term investment and working capital management for operations. Daniel, Prince Chinwendu | Dr. Joseph A. Nduka "Financial Structure and the Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37967.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/37967/financial-structure-and-the-financial-performance-of-quoted-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/daniel-prince-chinwendu
What does the rest of 2016 hold for innovation companies? In a mid-year update on State of the Markets, the SVB Analytics team analyzed data from the first half of 2016 to identify key trends impacting SVB's clients.
Establishing the effectiveness of market ratios in predicting financial distr...oircjournals
Financial distress research of companies has attracted a growing attention in the recent past. This phenomenon of financial distress in public companies has been witnessed by a number of corporate failures and the increase in delisting of listed companies. This study therefore attempts determine the effectiveness of market ratios on financial distress of listed firms in Nairobi Security Exchange Market, Kenya. Liability management theory, was reviewed which provides a foundation for both liquidity ratio and financial distress. The study used a panel study is an observational study. The target population will be 62 listed companies in Nairobi Security Exchange Market as indicated in from year 2011-2015. The entire population will be used in this study. The study will use document analysis by getting panel data from listed companies in Nairobi Security Exchange Market. Panel data is a good indicator or measure of financial distress. Descriptive and inferential statistics method will be used for data analysis and interpretation. Data was presented using tables and diagrams. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence level) from OLS pooled regression (fixed and random effect) which shows the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable. The findings show that market ratio has a positive and significant effect on financial distress, (β = 0.593; p< 0.05). This study is significantly important in that it will enhance efficient management and financing of working capital can increase the operating profitability ratio.
Financial distress research of companies has attracted a growing attention in the recent past. This phenomenon of financial distress in public companies has been witnessed by a number of corporate failures and the increase in delisting of listed companies. This study therefore attempts determine the effectiveness of market ratios on financial distress of listed firms in Nairobi Security Exchange Market, Kenya. Liability management theory, was reviewed which provides a foundation for both liquidity ratio and financial distress. The study used a panel study is an observational study. The target population will be 62 listed companies in Nairobi Security Exchange Market as indicated in from year 2011-2015. The entire population will be used in this study. The study will use document analysis by getting panel data from listed companies in Nairobi Security Exchange Market. Panel data is a good indicator or measure of financial distress. Descriptive and inferential statistics method will be used for data analysis and interpretation. Data was presented using tables and diagrams. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence level) from OLS pooled regression (fixed and random effect) which shows the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable. The findings show that market ratio has a positive and significant effect on financial distress, (β = 0.593; p< 0.05). This study is significantly important in that it will enhance efficient management and financing of working capital can increase the operating profitability ratio.
USA Podiatry Market High Level OverviewNiraj Singhvi
This report is prepared by Maple Growth Partners, an investment research and strategic advisory firm.
The primary purpose of this quick-turnaround project was to provide a high-level market overview of podiatry practices’ growth prospects and market dynamics in the US. Our client, a US-based healthcare private equity investment professional, was largely interested in understanding the prevailing market trends, growth drivers, and podiatry economics.
Major pointers we highlighted for podiatry industry investment consideration:
- While podiatry overhead expenses has increased significantly, podiatrists are able to pass on the incremental cost to the patient/payer with a year in lag
- Current supply of ~13,000 podiatrists are most likely meeting sufficient portion of the unmet demand and this supply-demand gap will likely diminish going forward
- High student debt will likely inhibit incoming podiatrists to start their own practice and will likely compel them to join a group practice
- Podiatry is a local/regional play as opposed to other limited practitioners such as dentists which is truly a national play
Following trends were presented that influenced the economics of a podiatry practice:
- Gross income and net income for overall types of US podiatry practices have increased in recent years
- Contrary to the market perception, gross income for solo practices in the US has shown signs of decent growth in recent years
- On an overall basis (both solo and group practices) for net income, recently-formed group practices have been driving up the net income range for practices that are less than 10 years old
- They are utilizing new tech to differentiate themselves and to improve the diagnosis and treatment quality
- Podiatrists are looking to utilize assistance of nurse practitioners and physician assistants
- Share of older practices (>30 years) and aging podiatrists (>61 years) has been increasing in recent years
We had also included podiatry transactions in the previous 10 years; one-pager profiles of major competitors; and regulations by states.
Silicon Valley Bank’s annual Startup Outlook survey provides insight into how startups in the US, UK and China are feeling about the year ahead. The 2016 report finds that while startups across the globe are eternally optimistic, they are preparing for a new reality.
Learn more about the Startup Outlook Report and view the UK and China reports at www.svb.com/IEO.
Economists polled expect status quo in forthcoming monetary policy but rate cut likely in first half of FY 2017-18; Union Budget 2017-18 to be expansionary with fiscal stimulus to counter effects of demonetisation
Liquidity and Financial Performance A Correlational Analysis of Quoted Non Fi...ijtsrd
This study explored the interactions between liquidity and the financial performance of quoted non financial firms in Ghana. The study was correlational as it sought to examine the relationship between liquidity and the firms' viability. From the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient technique of data analysis, liquidity had a significant relationship with the firms' financial performance as measured by ROA, but insignificant relationship with the firms' financial performance as measured by ROE and ROCE. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that, the firms can improve their final bottom line by proficiently handling their liquid resources. Yusheng Kong | Mohammed Musah | Andrew Osei Agyemang "Liquidity and Financial Performance: A Correlational Analysis of Quoted Non-Financial Firms in Ghana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25248.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/25248/liquidity-and-financial-performance-a-correlational-analysis-of-quoted-non-financial-firms-in-ghana/yusheng-kong
Effect of Financial Ratios on Firm Performance Study of Selected Brewery Firm...ijtsrd
The study assessed the effect of financial ratios on performance of Quoted Breweries firms in Nigeria. It made use of ex post facto research design. Data were gotten from secondary sources obtained from NSE fact books and annual reports accounts of the selected Breweries Companies. The population of the study consisted of thirteen 13 quoted Breweries firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 31st December, 2018. Four 4 of the quoted Breweries firms are selected to form the sample of the study for the period of nine 9 years 2010 – 2018 . The relevant data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between current ratio and firm performance but negative effect. Debt equity ratio has a significant effect on return on asset of Nigerian Breweries. The result of the study concludes that Nigerian breweries companies are relatively using an optimal mix of debt to equity which is evident from the significant positive relationship of debt equity ratio with financial performance of the Nigerian Breweries. The researchers recommended that the management should employ all carefulness while financing with long term debt instruments endeavor to find out the best and optimal combination of long term debt and equity that will impact positively on the value of the firm. Agbata, Amaka Elizabeth | Osingor, Arinze Stanley | Ezeala, George "Effect of Financial Ratios on Firm Performance: Study of Selected Brewery Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45177.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/45177/effect-of-financial-ratios-on-firm-performance-study-of-selected-brewery-firms-in-nigeria/agbata-amaka-elizabeth
Effect of Changes in Earning on Stock Prices of Listed Healthcare Sector of t...ijtsrd
Nowadays, information on stock price movement has become paramount in making an investment decision and a good knowledge of the factors that determine stock prices and the ability to predict stock prices are added advantages in the developing economies. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the impact of earnings on the stock price of healthcare firms in Nigeria. The study relied on the linear panel modeling approach of fixed effect and random effect while the Hausman test was applied for the model selection. The panel data set used for the study was sourced from the NSE annual fact book for the periods 2011 to 2020. The result of the random effect model estimated revealed that earnings per share EPS , dividend yield DDY and firm size FSZ have no significant impact on the stock price of healthcare firms in Nigeria. The only exception is book value per share BVPS which is positive and had a significant impact on the stock prices of healthcare firms in Nigeria at the 0.01 significant levels. This study, therefore, concludes that BVPS is the perfect predictor of stock price movement in the healthcare sector. As a result, the study recommends among other findings that Book Value per Share should be considered when making investment decisions in the healthcare firms in Nigeria. Aniedozie Obiamaka Mercy | Prof Alphonsus S. Anichebe | Dr. Emeka-Nwokeji, N. A "Effect of Changes in Earning on Stock Prices of Listed Healthcare Sector of the Nigerian Stock Exchange" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50335.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/50335/effect-of-changes-in-earning-on-stock-prices-of-listed-healthcare-sector-of-the-nigerian-stock-exchange/aniedozie-obiamaka-mercy
This research work investigated the influence of firm size on the financial performance of deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange. The research work is necessitated by the need to find the factors that respond positively or negatively to the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Five deposit money banks were sampled with the aid of Taro Yemeni sampling technique to represent the entire banking industry in Nigeria. The firm size proxied by log of total assets represents the explanatory variable while the financial performance measured by profitability proxied by return on asset is the dependent variable. The analysis was conducted using the pooled OLS regression and fixed effect/random effect regression with the aid of STATA for panel regression. In addition, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were computed. The finding of the study indicates that firm size insignificantly negatively influenced financial performance as a result of diseconomies of scale. The study therefore recommends that the industry should minimize the cost of expansion and enjoy maximum benefits of economies of scale in addition to other factors that may stimulate financial performance should be considered instead of the firm size that indicate insignificantly negative effect.
Firm Characteristics and Corporate Governance Performance of Nigerian and Sou...ijtsrd
The study is a cross country comparative analysis of the impacts of firm characteristics on corporate governance performance between Nigeria and South Africa listed Deposit Money Banks DMBs . The study adopted the census method of sampling in selecting the entire thirteen 13 listed DMBs in Nigeria and matched with an equal sample of thirteen 13 purposively selected DMBs in South Africa for the purpose of the comparative analysis, totalling a balanced panel of 143 firm year observations each respectively. The secondary data was extracted from the audited annual reports of the sampled DMBs for eleven 11 financial years 2010 2020 . The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel regression using E Views 10. The preliminary analysis showed that the mean CG disclosure of the South African DMBs is significantly greater than that of the Nigeria sample at 5 level of significance. The result of panel regression analysis showed that in the Nigerian sample, firm size and age exerts positive significant influence of CG performance, while only firm size positive was the significant determinants of CG performance in the South African sample. The report suggests, among other things, that older banks publish more information than younger banks, and that a more competitive environment be created to encourage banks to have a good corporate governance framework, which will attract more potential investors. Abusomwan, Rachael E | Ogbodo, Okenwa Cy "Firm Characteristics and Corporate Governance Performance of Nigerian and South African Deposit Money Banks (DMBs)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47861.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/47861/firm-characteristics-and-corporate-governance-performance-of-nigerian-and-south-african-deposit-money-banks-dmbs/abusomwan-rachael-e
Does Firms Size Matter An Empirical Evidence from Non Financial Institutions ...ijtsrd
The aim of this research was to explore the connection between the firm size and the profitability of Ghana Stock Exchange GSE listed non financial companies. The research used panel data obtained from 15 listed non financial firms audited annual reports for the period 2010 to 2017. The descriptive and inferential procedures of data analyses through the use of STATA version 15 software package with a 5 level of significance p=0.05 , was adopted for the study. The research evaluated the companys profitability through Return on Assets ROA , Return on Equity ROE , and Earnings Per Share EPS , while the companys size SZ was the natural log of total assets. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis was adopted for the study. The results of the study indicated that there was a positive but insignificant association between firm size SZ and the profitability of the companies as measured by ROA. Again, profitability proxied by ROE had insignificant negative affiliation with firm size SZ . Finally, profitability measured by earnings per share EPS had a significant negative connection with the firm size SZ . There is a need for companies to improve their profitability in the essentials of client base, net assets, sales volume, and market share to boost their size. Increasing the size of the companies will not only increase them in terms of profitability but will also help them achieve a competitive advantage over others as bigger companies are anticipated to be more effective than their lower counterparts and have better funds to survive financial downturns. Takyi Kwabena Nsiah | Cheng Li Mei | Ran Kwabena Fosu Sarpong | Raphael Amoakoh Addai "Does Firms Size Matter? An Empirical Evidence from Non-Financial Institutions (NFIS) Listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27952.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/27952/does-firms-size-matter-an-empirical-evidence-from-non-financial-institutions-nfis-listed-on-the-ghana-stock-exchange-gse/takyi-kwabena-nsiah
Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Corporate Performance of Quoted Manufacturi...ijtsrd
The objective of the study is to examine the effect of voluntary disclosure on corporate performance of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the effect of voluntary disclosure on ROA, ROE, and NPM. The population of the study was drawn from manufacturing firms quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. financial year. The study was based on secondary sources of data, collected from annual financial reports. The study used content analysis to analyse the voluntary disclosure items. The study finds that voluntary disclosure has a significant negative effect on profitability return on assets, return on equity and net profit margin . The study therefore recommends, among others, manufacturing firms to enhance voluntary disclosure based on a cost benefit analysis of such, and also, help “bridge the gap†between financial numbers and the true economics underlying the company’s transaction. Voluntary disclosure is also recommended as a medium to curtail the shenanigans of earnings management. Ikemefuna, Victor C. | Onuora, J. K. "Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Corporate Performance of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42600.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42600/effect-of-voluntary-disclosure-on-corporate-performance-of-quoted-manufacturing-companies-in-nigeria/ikemefuna-victor-c
Impact of Accounting Information on Stock Price Volatility (A Study of Select...inventionjournals
This study examined the impact of accounting information on stock price volatility on selected quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria for a period of ten years (2005-2014). This research work was necessitated by the fact that quoted manufacturing companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange has undergone many turbulent times caused by the crumbling interest of investors in quoted manufacturing companies with volatile stock prices. This study adopted an ex-post facto research design as it relied on secondary source of data extracted from the annual reports of five quoted manufacturingcompanies and daily stock prices for these companies were sourced from the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the stated period. The population for this study was the manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Data from the annual report were basically drawn from the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position. The data collected for this study were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square method of data estimation with the help of econometric views (E-views) software. The results of cross section fixed effect model show that accounting information has a strong positive significant impact on stock price volatility. It was therefore concluded that since accounting information has been found as one of the causes of stock price volatility, it is therefore the responsibility of management to ensure proper preparation and presentation of accounting information to enable potential investors make economic and investment decisions, as this will lead to less volatile stock price. This study recommends that proper regulation of accounting information should be put into place as accounting information has the ability to cause either an increase or decrease in the stock price of a company.
Firm Characteristics and Financial Performance Evidence from Quoted Manufactu...ijtsrd
This study ascertained the relationship between Firm Characteristics and Financial Performance with a focus on quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The specific objectives are to ascertain the relationship between Leverage, Board Size, and Tobin's Q of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2010 2019. This study employed the use of Panel Data and Ex post facto research design. Secondary data were sourced from the publications of Nigeria Stock Exchange NSE and annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms. The data analyses were done through descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics was done using trend analysis and multiple comparison of mean standard deviation of variables. Multivariate linear regression analysis via E Views 9.0 statistical software was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of this study are inter alia leverage and board size has significant negative relationship with Tobin's Q at 5 level of significance. It was recommended amongst others that firms need to use proportionate debt financing in relation to total capital financing in order to reverse the inverse relationship between leverage and Tobin's Q. Therefore, firms need to use debt financing up to a point where any extra debt financing reduces net cost to the firm. Okafor, Tochukwu G. | Ossai, Eke Celestine "Firm Characteristics and Financial Performance: Evidence from Quoted Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47517.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47517/firm-characteristics-and-financial-performance-evidence-from-quoted-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/okafor-tochukwu-g
Characteristics of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks and Their Financial Outcomeijtsrd
The purpose of this research was to examine the connections between DMB profitability and various company characteristics in Nigeria. This study used panel data regression to evaluate five hypotheses on how market share, liquidity, credit risk, interest rate spread, and leverage affect bank profitability. Secondary data was gathered from the financial statements of the 19 deposit money banks listed on the international and local markets of the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE between 2012 and 2021. The success of Nigerian banks is strongly influenced by their market share, liquidity, interest rate spread, and leverage. There was a connection between credit risk and ROA, however it was weak and not statistically significant. The report recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria CBN create policies to enable banks increase their market share, rather than seeking to limit the number of firms in the banking sector. Dr. Confidence J. Ihenyen | Okpobo, Timinipre Joseph | Monron, Ezekiel Lawrence "Characteristics of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks and Their Financial Outcome" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56303.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/56303/characteristics-of-nigerian-deposit-money-banks-and-their-financial-outcome/dr-confidence-j-ihenyen
Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non Big 4 Audited Firms in ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study compare financial reporting quality of Big 4 audited and non Big 4 audited firms in Nigeria. Specifically, compares the abnormal operating cash flow quality, and abnormal production expenditure quality, and unexpected core earnings of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. The study adopts the ex post facto research design as the goal is not manipulate any variable but rather establish comparative difference. The population comprised of quoted manufacturing firms and the sample restricted to a purposive sample of 62 firms from 6 sectors listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE . The study utilized secondary data retrieved from annual financial statements of the sampled firms. The data were analyzed using several techniques such as multiple regression, and correlation. The results showed a statistically significant difference in abnormal operating cash flow quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms a statistically significant difference in abnormal production expenditure quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. Based on this, the study recommends that shareholders during Annual General Meeting AGM may also seek the adoption of joint auditors to strengthen audit quality and cushion against shocks from manipulative practices of managers or the lack of independence from continued engagement of particular audit firms. Anazonwu, Helen O. | Egbunike, Patrick A. "Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non-Big 4 Audited Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43847.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/43847/effect-of-abnormal-cash-flow-quality-on-big-4-and-nonbig-4-audited-firms-in-nigeria/anazonwu-helen-o
Corporate governance is of great importance for financial performance. Corporate governance issues have attracted public interest in the financial sector both locally and internationally after waves of corporate rip-offs and failures that almost led to loss of confidence in the finance sector. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of corporate governance on financial performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a population of 65 active Savings and credit Co-operatives operating in Embu County. A sample size of 57 Savings and Credit Co-operatives was used in this study. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample. Primary data was collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from financial statements and periodicals using a record survey sheet. Pre-testing of research tool was conducted before the actual data collection was carried, to determine the reliability of the questionnaire by use of a Cronbach‘s alpha, statistical coefficient, while the validity was tested to ensure that the questions in the questionnaire provides adequate coverage to the investigative questions. Correlation and multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study findings indicated that corporate governance positively affected the financial performance. In specific the board composition and corporate risk management for SACCOs had a positive effect on the financial performances of the SACCOs. The study is beneficial to SACCOs management in improving the performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives and enabling them to compete globally. The study recommends gender parity consideration and balanced mix of skilled board members during appointments of the board members. The recommendations are important to the government, especially the department of cooperatives in strengthening policies regarding cooperative societies.
Abstract
The study examines the effect of corporate information on equity investors' decision making in listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. The population comprises all the listed non-financial firms in Nigeria and a filtering sampling technique was used to arrive at forty-eight (48) sampled firms covering the periods of 2012 to 2019. The hypotheses were tested using the Robust Fixed effect (RE) regression model after conducting some diagnostics tests like Pearson correlation, Variance Inflator Factor, Heteroscedasticity and Hausman Specification. The results show that firm growth (FG) and firm size (FS) have a significant positive effect on market price of shares (MPS) of quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria for the period under review. The study recommends among others, that the management of non-financial firms in Nigeria should put the growth level of their firms into consideration by ensuring a consistent increase in the value of their revenues yearly to attract more investments from the equity investors in the capital market. Their five-year growth rate should also be provided to all the stakeholders in their financial statements. Also, the non-financial firms should consolidate their firms to form a large capital base that would make them take advantage of large scale production to attract more equity investors to their firms in Nigeria.
Keywords: Corporate Information; Equity Investors; Decision Making; Non-Financial Firms
Intellectual capital: A modern model to measure the value creation in a businessAI Publications
Using a sample of 92 patients, this study looked into the impact of intellectual capital on the efficiency of private hospitals. The researchers used a quantitative approach to assess the effect of Intellectual capital (Human capital, Structural capital, and Relational capital) on long-term competitive advantage in private hospitals in Iraq's Kurdistan region. The research sample was selected using a random sampling method and conducted in various locations across Iraq's Kurdistan province. A total of 110 questionnaires were distributed, but only 92 people correctly completed them. The findings revealed that the most effective relationship with firm success was between human capital as an element of Intellectual capital, while the least effective relationship was between ownership as an element of Intellectual capital. Furthermore, our findings indicate that finance managers should use debts as a last resort in terms of intellectual capital. Finally, our research can be improved by using more controlled variables, a greater sample size, and data from a longer time span in the regression models. Other methods and steps can be used as well.
Liquidity Management and Its Impact on Banks Profitability: A Perspective 0f ...inventionjournals
The basic purpose of this research is to examine the effect of liquidity management on profitability in the banking sector of Pakistan. Liquidity management is independent and profitability is dependent variable. The secondary data used for this study and taking from publish annual report of ten banks (2006-2015). The data was analyzed by using correlation, descriptive statistics and regression techniques run on E-views. The quick, current, cash, interest coverage and capital adequacy ratios is taken as dimension of liquidity and return on assets, return on equity, and earnings per share as dimension of profitability. The research findings show that interest coverage, capital adequacy and quick ratio has a positive whereas the cash and current ratio has negative relationship with banks profitability.
Liquidity Management and Its Impact on Banks Profitability: A Perspective 0f ...inventionjournals
The basic purpose of this research is to examine the effect of liquidity management on profitability in the banking sector of Pakistan. Liquidity management is independent and profitability is dependent variable. The secondary data used for this study and taking from publish annual report of ten banks (2006-2015). The data was analyzed by using correlation, descriptive statistics and regression techniques run on E-views. The quick, current, cash, interest coverage and capital adequacy ratios is taken as dimension of liquidity and return on assets, return on equity, and earnings per share as dimension of profitability. The research findings show that interest coverage, capital adequacy and quick ratio has a positive whereas the cash and current ratio has negative relationship with banks profitability.
Effect of Corporate Governance Committees and Financial Performance of Health...ijtsrd
This study examined empirically corporate governance committees and financial performance of healthcare companies. The independent variables are remuneration committees and nomination committees and independent variable was proxied with return on equity. The study used Ex Post Facto research design. Regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The result showed that remuneration committee has a negative effect on return on assets, and this effect was not statistically significant at 5 level of significance. While nomination committee has a positive effect on return on assets, and this effect was statistically significant at 5 level of significance. It was suggested that the remuneration committee ensure that the appointed board members have an appropriate balance of skills to successfully discharge their duties. Unamma, Amaka Nkiru | Nwachukwu Raphael "Effect of Corporate Governance Committees and Financial Performance of Healthcare Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59782.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/59782/effect-of-corporate-governance-committees-and-financial-performance-of-healthcare-companies-in-nigeria/unamma-amaka-nkiru
EFFECTS OF MANAGEMENT PROFICIENCY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FOREIGN COMMERC...AkashSharma618775
The study sought to examine Management Proficiency on financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya from period of 2013 to 2019.
Design/Methodology/Approach; The return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) were used as measure on
measure of financial performance measures on foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The descriptive, correlation
and panel regression analysis based on fixed effect model with help STATA.
The Results; It indicated that an R squared of 0.6956 was obtained that implies that 69.56 percent of the variations
in financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Kenya was accredited to capital adequacy, asset quality
and management efficiency. A p-value of 0.0000 further endorsed that the variables that were used namely: capital
adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency had significant effect predicting the financial performance of
foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The model had a constant value of 0.87 thus inferred that in the absence of
capital adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency, the value of financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya was 0.87.
Originality/value: The main study objective was to provide the empirical evidence on management proficiency on
financial performance on foreign commercial banks in Kenya and demanded literature gaps
Similar to Cash Flow Activities and Stock Returns Evidence from Nigerian Consumer Goods Firms (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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on stock returns of consumer goods firms.
Consequently, there are conflicting findings in
literature as regards the effect of cash flows on stock
returns. More also, prior studies did not use free cash
along with other three components of cash flows to
determine their effect on stock returns. The problem
of data collection is one of the constraints in the sense
that most of companies hardly provide complete
dataset and not having consistent dataset needed for
the study. Hence firms with complete dataset were
sampled leaving some other firms out of the study
sample.
The specific objectives are to investigate:
1. The effect of cash flow from operating activities
on stock returns of consumer goods firms quoted
on Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE)
2. The effect of cash flow from investing activities
on stock returns of consumer goods firms quoted
on Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE)
3. The effect of financing activities on stock returns
of consumer goods firms quoted on Nigeria Stock
Exchange.
Review of Related studies
Okeke, Ezejiofor and Okoye (2021) examined the
effect of leverage on cash ratio of Nigerian
conglomerates firm. The study adopted Ex-Post facto
research design, and data were extracted from the
annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms and
analyzed using Pearson correlation and Ordinary
Least Square (OLS) regression analysis with aid of E-
Views 9. 0 statistical software. The study found that
leverage has a significant negative effect on cash ratio
of conglomerates firm Nigeria at 5% level of
significance. Rihfenti and Robiyanti (2016) studied
the effect of cash flows, gross profit and company
size on the Indonesian stock returns. The aim of the
research is to test the effect of cash flows, gross profit
and company size and stock returns by means of
regression analysis. They find out that cash flows,
gross profit and the size of company have an effect on
stock returns. A study on all cash is not created equal:
detecting fraudulent cash flows by Prakash and Cathy
(2016) revealed that the components of cash flows are
vital for understanding a firm’s financial health. Also,
that operating cash flows provide a check into the
quality of earnings in income statement as well as
quality of accounts in the statement of financial
position. Osisioma, Okoye, Ezejiofor and Okoye
(2020) ascertained the effect of operating cash flow
on earnings management of Nigerian Banks. The
study adopted Ex post Facto research design. The
study used sample of fifteen (15) Nigerian banks from
2010 to 2019. Data for the study was collected from
annual reports and accounts of the banks. Regression
analysis was used to test the hypothesis with the aid
of E-view 9. 0. Based on this, the study revealed that
operating activities are not statisticallysignificant and
have a negative effect on total accruals earnings of
Nigerian banks. The study concludes that the
importance of risk management activities is aimed at
reducing future cash flow.
Anwaar (2016) studied the impact of firm
performance on stock returns. The study test the
impact of firm performance on stock returns of 30
firms listed on FTSE-100 index, London Stock
Exchange from 2005-2014. The study used five
independent and one dependent variables and panel
regression analysis was used to analyze the data.
Finding showed that net profit margin on return on
assets has significant positive impact on stock returns
while earning per share has significant negative
impact stock returns. Abhay R, Jhanvi Sangani and
Khushboo Joshi(2015)assessed the Dividend
declaration and stock Price Behaviour ;Indian
Evidence. The researchers investigated on changes
and the determinats of dividend announcement on
share price listed in Bombay Stock Exchange(BSE).
The judgemental sampling of BSE-100 FROM 2008-
2009 to 2012-2013 and Capital asset pricing
model(CAPM) is the statistical tool used to signify
the result of dividend declaration on share price. The
study deems to measure the relationship between the
share price and dividend announce. It verifies that the
dividend announcement does not affect share prices
on the long term. Maringka, Moeljadi, Atim and
Ratnawati (2016) analyzed the features of variable of
a free cash flow and company’s leverage free cash
flow and interest rates and the effect of these
variables on stock returns. The regression approach
was used to analyze data and the result showed that
leverage, free cash flow and interest rate charge has
no significant effect on stock return while financial
performance has an indirect effect on stock return.
Amah, Ogbonna, Ekwe and Ihendinihu (2016)
evaluated the relationship between cash flow ratios
and financial performance of listed banks in emerging
economies. Survey method of research design was
used and data was collected via audited statement of
account of four (4) banks quoted on the Nigeria Stock
Exchange (NSE). Using correlation analysis
technique, the study found that operating cash flow
has a significant and strong positive relationship with
performance.
Foerster, Tsagarelis andWang(2017) investigated if
cash flows are better stock returns predictors than
profit. The study was carried out to see if operating
cash flow information, cash taxes and capital
expenditures provide incremental predictive power.
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The survey method was used and data analyzed using
regression Zhi (2009) examined the association
between cash flow, consumption risk and stock
returns. The study linked assets risk premium to two
characteristics of its underlying cash flow: covariance
and duration. The dynamic interaction of two factor
model was used and findings showed that cash flow
characteristic are fundamental in determining risk
exposure of an assets and accounting earnings.
Ibrahim Marwan Khanji and Ahmad Zakaria Siam
(2015) investigated on effect of cash flow on share
price of the Jordanian commercial Banks listed in
Ammanan Stock Exchange. The linear regression
coefficient is used to analyze data. The researcher
basedhis work on the population of Jordan
Commercial Bank listed in Amman Stock Exchange
2010-2015. The findings is than there is no
statistically significant relationship between
operational, Investment Share price of the Jordan
Commercial Banks listed in Ammanan Stock
Exchange. Findings of the study revealed that cash
flow information and cash taxes provide incremental
predictive power compared to capital expenditure.
Duru, Okpe and Chitor (2015) investigated on the
effects of cash flow statement on performance of
Food and Beverages Companies in Nigeria. Data was
obtained from annual reports and accounts of the
companies under study and multiple regression
techniques was used in analyzing the data. The study
found that operating and financing cash flows have
significant positive effect on corporate performance.
In addition, it was found that investing cash flows has
significant negative relationship with corporate
performance. Mackenzie (2018) examined sustainable
free cash flow analysis and resource equities in the
United Kingdom and found that free cash flows is
capable of sustaining resource equities. The paper
utilized regression in the analysis of data.
Methodology
The study used panel data and was based on ex-post
facto research design. The panel data used has the
characteristics of time series and cross sectional as the
data was collected from many companies in many
years. The data collected already exist and the study
made no attempt to manipulate its nature or value.
The study was conducted using quoted companies
under the consumer goods sector in the Nigerian
Stock Exchange. The sector is one among the eleven
sectors which all quoted firms are grouped under and
the study used secondary data that was collected from
the quoted firms in the consumer goods sector within
the period of 2010 and 2019. The data was collected
from the published financial statement of the various
quoted firms selected for the study and the stock
exchange Fact-book.
Population of the study
The Population of the study is the twenty nine firms
quoted under the consumer goods sector of the
Nigeria Stock Exchange. That is, the twenty nine
consumer goods sector firms constitute our
population of the study. The sector has a total of
twenty eight quoted firms.
Sample size
The sample size is the thirteen firms which disclosed
their free cash flow and paid dividend within the
period. Hence, the sample size of the study is thirteen
firms under the consumer goods firms quoted in the
Nigeria stock as at December 2019. The consumer
goods sector has a total of twenty nine quoted firms.
The thirteen quoted companies used in sample size
are: FLOUR MILLS OF NIGERIA, VONO
PRODUCT, UNILIVER NIG PLC, HONEY WELL,
PZ CUSSON, 7-UP BOTTLING COMPANY,
DANGOTE SUGAR REFINERY, NIGERIA
BOTTLING COMP, NESTLE NIG PLC, DN
MEYER PLC, UTC OF NIG, UNION DICON
SALT, FLOURMILL PLC.
Method of Data Collection
The data used for this study was collected from
secondary sources. The data were collected from the
published audited financial statement of the quoted
consumer goods sector firms used in this study and
the Nigeria Stock Exchange Fact Book.
Method of Data Analysis
The secondary data collected was analyzed using
descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression
and interaction analysis. Multiple regression analysis
was used to evaluate the effect of the independent
variables. The result reveals the degree of influence
and the level of significance. The interaction was
used to select the best combination of the ownership
structure variables that minimize the reporting lag.
Data and Variable Description
The study used a panel data collected from the quoted
consumer goods firms in Nigeria within the period
covering 2010 - 2019. The study used operating cash
flow, investing cash flow, financing cash flow and
free cash flow as explanatory variables, while
dividend paid out was used as response variable. The
study used a secondary data from 2010 - 2019
collected from the listed consumer goods firms. The
study used firm size as control variables. Below are
the dependent and independent variables and their
proxy.
Model Specification
The model used was premised on the main objectives
and anchored on the sub-objective. The model was
adopted from the work of Takiah, Rin and Zuraidah
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(2012) and Takiah, et al (2012) model is PERF = (
OPECFL, INVCFL, FINCFL). The Takiah, et al
(2012) model was modified to suit the variables to be
used. Hence the model for the study was anchored on
the objective.
The model for the study is anchored on the objective.
DIV = f(OPECFL, FINCFL,, INCFL, )
…………………………1
This can be express econometrically as follows
DIVit = d0 + d1OPECFLit + d2FINCFLit + d3INCFLit+
µit. .. . 2
Equation 2 is the linear regression model used in t
OPECFL = cash flow from operating activivites
FINCFL = cash flow from financing activities
INCFL = Investing cash flow
d0 = Constant d1… d6 = are the coefficient of the
regression equation.
µ = Error term;
i= is the cross section of firms used;
t = is year (time series)
Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation
Data analysis
In analyzing the data, the study adopted multiple
regression analysis. However, some preliminary
analysis such as descriptive statistics, and correlation
analysis in other to ascertain normality of the data,
check for the presence of multi-colinearity among the
variables used in the study.
Descriptive Statistics
Table 1 provides the summary of the descriptive statistics analysis result. The detail result is
presented in table 2 under the appendix.
DIVPAY OPECFL FINCFL INVCFL
Mean 0. 785650 0. 276114 0. 180211 0. 247780
Median 0. 750000 0. 456022 0. 080000 0. 170000
Maximum 1. 500000 0. 774310 0. 670000 0. 820000
Minimum 0. 000000 0. 010000 0. 000000 0. 010000
Std. Dev. 0. 410537 0. 235780 0. 127320 0. 246226
Skewness 1. 632596 1. 962415 0. 581374 17. 72859
Kurtosis 7. 252520 6. 126588 1. 337995 415. 7402
Jarque-Bera 191. 6360 774. 2802 126. 5129 5277058.
Probability 0. 000000 0. 000000 0. 000000 0. 000000
Sum 140. 7600 3856. 000 266. 0000 3774. 000
Sum Sq. Dev. 6. 763390 49061. 84 170. 1247 4940. 439
Sources: Researcher’s summary of descriptive statistics 2021
Table 1 shows the mean (average) for each of the variables, their maximum values, minimum values, standard
deviation and the Jarque-Bera (JB) statistics. The result provided some insight into the nature of the selected
companies that used for the study. Firstly, it was observed that within the period under review, the sampled
companies dividend payout have a mean value of 0. 79, a maximum and minimum value of 1. 50 and 0. 00
respectively. The minimum value reveals that not all firm pays dividend within the period under study. The large
difference between the maximum and mean value shows that the sampled companies used for the study are not
dominated by either high and low dividend paying firms.
DIVP OPECFL FINCFL INVCFL
Mean 0. 785650 0. 276114 0. 108229 0. 247780
Maximum 1. 500000 0. 774310 0. 230000 0. 820000
Minimum 0. 000000 0. 010000 0. 000000 0. 010000
Probability 0. 000000 0. 000000 0. 000000 0. 000000
The table shows mean operating cash flow value of 0. 276 maximum and minimum 0. 774 and 0. 01
respectively. While financing cash flow has a mean value of 0. 18, maximum of 0. 67 and minimum of 0. 00.
Free cash flow has an average value of 0. 237, maximum of 0. 64 and minimum of 0. 00. These values indicate
that the firms generate more cash flow from operating activities than from financing activities, investing
activities and from free cash flow. Thus firms generate more of cash flow in operating activities, followed by
free cash flow, investing cash flow and the least from the financing cash flow. Lastly, the Jarque – Bera (JB)
statistics which test for normality or the existence of outlier or extreme value among the variables shows that all
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the variables are normally distributed at 1% level of significance except the dividend payout and firm size which
were significant at 5% level. The result reveals that there is no variable with outlier to distort our conclusion and
are therefore it can be reliable for drawing generalization. The result means that all the explanatoryvariables are
normally distributed, hence no presence of outlier. However, this was tested further using the Shapiro-Wilk test.
The result of the Shapiro-Wilk test is shown below.
Variable Obs W V z Prob>z
DIVP 130 0.31141 464.648 15.254 0.00000
OPECFL 130 0.40559 400.761 14.886 0.00000
FINCFL 130 0.36878 425.934 15.038 0.00000
INVCFL 130 0.02033 663.304 16.141 0.00000
SOURCE: STATA 13
Lastly, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality shows that dividend payout, cash flow from operating activities, cash
flow from investing activities, cash flow from financing activities, free cash flow, are normallydistributed at one
percent significant. The normality test result reveals the all of the variables used are normally distributed, hence
the result of the data analysis can be relied upon in making generalization and for policy. The Shapiro-Wilk test
for normality result is similar to the normality test result produce by the Jarque-Bera statistics probability under
the descriptive statistics.
Table 2 Correlation analysis
TAAhe study used the pearson correlation analysis in examining the association between the variables used in
the study, the result is presented below in table 2
DIVP OPECFL FINCFL INVCFL
DIVP 1. 000000 0. 035420 0. 185839 0. 028439
OPECFL 0. 035420 1. 000000 0. 044694 0. 044869
FINCFL 0. 185839 0. 044694 1. 000000 0. 121913
INVCFL 0. 028439 0. 044869 0. 121913 1. 000000
The finding from the correlation analysis table shows that dividend payout has positive association (0. 035) with
cash flow from operative activities. This reveals that the more cash flow from operative activities, the higher the
dividend payout among Consumer goods firms. The result also shows that corporate dividend payout has strong
positive association (0. 185) with cash flow from financing activities, this reveals that the higher the cash flow
from financing activities, the better/ higher the corporate dividend payout of the firm. The result also shows that
corporate dividend payout has positive association (0. 12) with free cash flow. Cash flow from investing
activities has positive association with corporate dividend payout (0. 028). This has reveals that Cash flow from
investing activities has positive effect on the corporate dividend payout of Consumer goods firms in Nigeria. In
checking for the presence of multi-colinearity using the correlation analysis result, the study observed that no
two explanatory variables were perfectly correlated. This indicates the absence of multi-colinearity problem in
the model used for the analysis and also justifies the use of the ordinary least square. This was further checked
by the use of Variance inflation factor test.
Table 3: Variance inflation factor test:
Variable VIF 1/VIF
DIVP 1.01 0.99009
OPECFL 1.03 0.97087
FINCFL 1.00 0.99999
INVCFL 1.01 0.99009
Mean VIF 1. 07
Source: STATA 13
The Variance inflation factor test result table above shows the mean value of 1. 07 which is less than 10
benchmark. The mean value indicates the absence of multi-colinearity in our model. This result confirms the
finding from the correlation analysis which shows the absence of multi-colinearity using 75 percent acceptance
region in determining the level of association among the variables used.
Fixed and Random Effect Test
The summary result of multiple regression analysis is presented below. However, the study takes into
cognizance the heterogeneity nature of the agricultural firm data, hence the need for testing its effect on the data.
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The study therefore used Hausman effect test to select between fixed and random effect that is best to be adopted
in the study. Below is the summary of the Hausman test result, details of the result is presented in table 4 under
the appendix.
under Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test
Equation: Untitled
Test cross-section random effects
Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d. f. Prob.
Cross-section random 1. 582477 4 0. 8119
Source: researcher summary of regression analysis result using E-view 9
The Hausman test result shows a chi-square corporate dividend payout of 1. 58 and probability corporate
dividend payout 0. 811, the chi-square probability is above 10. Based on the result, the studyaccepts the random
effect and rejects the fixed effect, hence we use the random effect to correct the problem of heterogeneity in the
data used for the study and the random effect regression result is presented below. Table 4. 4 below is the
summary of the regression result adjusted for fixed effect (details of the result are presented in table 4 the
appendix).
Regression Analysis
To evaluate the effect of board diversity on corporate dividend payout and to test our formulated hypotheses, we
used regression analysis. The result obtained is presented in table 4. 4 below
Cross-section random effects test equation:
Dependent Variable: DIVP
Method: Panel Least Squares
Date: 05/01/21 Time: 15:08
Sample: 2010 2019
Periods included: 10
Cross-sections included: 13
Total panel (balanced) observations: 130
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 3. 500243 1. 319965 2. 651769 0. 0212
OPECFL 4. 429088 1. 077503 4. 110511 0. 0000
FINCFL 0. 156290 1. 650232 -0. 094708 0. 9247
FCF 0. 119068 0. 066775 1. 783122 0. 0839
INVCFL 0. 456090 0. 205607 2. 218261 0. 0263
Effects Specification
Cross-section fixed (dummy variables)
R-squared 0. 545584 Mean dependent var 0. 879750
Adjusted R-squared 0. 496451 S. D. dependent var 0. 206245
S. E. of regression 0. 177005 Akaike info criterion -0. 430174
Sum squared resid 3. 884999 Schwarz criterion 0. 261740
Log likelihood 70. 41393 Hannan-Quinn criter. -0. 149212
F-statistic 12. 62489 Durbin-Watson stat 1. 908751
Prob(F-statistic) 0. 000050
The above table report, the OLS regression result. The result study R-sq(Adj. ) 0. 496 (49. 6%) this indicates that
cash flow variables jointly explain about 49. 6% of the variation/changes in dividend payout of listed Consumer
goods firms in Nigeria. Hence about 49. 6% of changes in cash dividend payout can be attributable to the level
of cash flow of the firms used in the study. The F-statistics value of 12. 41 and its probability value of 0. 00
shows that the model used was appropriate and is statistically at 1% levels. The Durbin Watson statistics result
was 1. 908 can be approximated into 2, this indicates the absence of autocorrelation in our model hence the
model used is appropriate for the study.
Hypothesis 1
Ho: Operating cash flow has no significant effect on
dividend payout of Consumer goods firms in Nigeria.
The analysis result of the showed a coefficient value
of 4. 43, t-value of 4. 11 and a p- value of 0. 00. The
positive coefficient value of 4. 43 shows that
operating cash flow has positive effect of about 4. 43
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percent on dividend payout. The probability value
reveals that the effect of operating cash flow on
dividend payout is statisticallysignificant at 1% level.
Based on the result, the study accepts the alternate
hypothesis and concludes that operating cash flow has
statistical significant effect on dividend payout among
consumer goods firms in Nigeria.
Hypothesis 2
Ho: Investing cash flow has no significant effect on
dividend payout of Consumer goods firms in Nigeria.
The analysis result of the effect of Investing cash
flow on dividend payout showed a coefficient value
of 0. 456, and a probability value of 0. 263. The
coefficient value of 0. 456 shows that investing cash
flow has positive effect on contribution of about 0. 03
percent to dividend payout of the firms used in the
study. The probability value of 0. 793 shows that the
effect of investing cash flow on dividend payout is
not statistically significant even at 5% level. Based on
the result, the study rejects the alternate hypothesis
and concludes that investing cash flow has positive
statistical significant effect on dividend payout of
Consumer goods firms in Nigeria.
Hypothesis 3
Ho: Cash flow from financing activities has no
significant effect on dividend payout of Consumer
goods firms in Nigeria
The analysis result of the effect of cash flow from
financing activities on dividend payout showed a
coefficient value of 0. 156, and a probability value of
0. 924. The coefficient value of 0. 156 shows that
cash flow from financing activities has positive effect
on dividend payout of the firms used in the study.
However, the probability value shows that the effect
of cash flow from financing activities on dividend
payout is statistically insignificant. Based on the
result, the study rejects the alternate hypothesis and
concludes that cash flow from financing activities has
insignificant effect on dividend payout of Consumer
goods firms in Nigeria.
Discussion of Finding
The study examines the effect of cash flow on stock
returns of consumer goods firms listed in Nigeria
Stock Exchange.
The descriptive analysis shows that the data of the
variables collected from the firms used were all
normally distributed. The study finds that there is no
presence of multi-colinearity and autocorrelation in
our model. The study finds that cash flow has about
49. 6% effect on the dividend payout of consumer
goods firms. Thus about 49. 6% of changes in the
dividend payout of consumer goods firm can be
attributable to the level of cash flow of the firms.
The regression analysis reveals that cash flow from
operating activities has positive significant effect on
the dividend payout policy. This indicates that an
effective Management of cash flow from operating
activities can significantly affect the level of dividend
payout of Consumer goods firms in Nigeria. This was
in line with the study of Qian, Yungb, and Hamid
(2012) but contrary to the findings of Rasoul, Saeid
and Farzad (2012).
Cash flow from investing activities has positive
significant effect on the dividend payout of Consumer
goods firms in Nigeria. This indicates that more an
increase in the level of cash flow from investing
activities can possibly have significant effect on
dividend payout. This finds was in line with the find
from the study of Saman, Mohammad and Omid
(2012) and Yoon and Miller, (2012).
Cash flow from financing activities has insignificant
effect on dividend payout of listed Consumer goods
firms in Nigeria. This indicates that that cash flow
from financing activities though has positive
contribution to the dividend payout of Consumer
goods firms in Nigeria though the level of effect is
not significant. This finding is in line with that of
Saman, Mohammad and Omid (2012) and Yoon and
Miller, (2012) but contrary to that of Qian, Yung, and
Hamid (2012). The result reveals that free cash flow
has positive and significant effect on the dividend
payout of Consumer goods firms in Nigeria. When
the free cash flow is effectively managed, it positively
affects the dividend payout policy of firms.
Conclusion and Recommendation
The study explored cash flows on stock return of
consumer goods firms in quoted on Nigeria Stock
Exchange. This has become necessary in the face of
evolving developments in the industry in Nigeria
especially now that the issue of unemployment and
other environmental factor is concern. Consumer
goods industry in Nigeria need to be in a good
direction in order to join among the trains of
industries that will salvage the economic situation and
also this industry need to grow financially for the
sake of their shareholders, it is therefore important
that cash flow should be yearly looked at for
improvement. The conclusion reached in this studyis
that cash flow has no significant effect on stock
returns in Nigeria.
Recommendations
In view of the findings of the study, the following
recommendations were given:
1. Effective Management of cash flow from
operating activities significantly affect the level of
stock returns of consumer goods.
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2. There is need for consumer goods industry to
improve on their operating cash flow by making
money available for this purpose for the general
benefit of the economy.
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