Case study - Breast
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This is a case of breast, i have put few representative microscopic pictures. try to give a diagnosis and enjoy learning....:)
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THE gist OF GIST
GIST tumors arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. They are typically positive for CD117 and CD34 markers. The majority of GISTs have mutations in genes like KIT or PDGFRA. Treatment involves surgical resection, though imatinib therapy can be used for advanced cases. Prognosis depends on factors like tumor size, mitotic rate, and location within the GI tract.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
(1) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract and arise from interstitial cells of Cajal. (2) Most GISTs involve the stomach and small intestine. (3) Clinical features vary depending on the size and location of the tumor, ranging from asymptomatic small tumors to abdominal pain, bleeding, or obstruction with larger tumors. (4) Surgery with clear margins remains the main treatment for localized GISTs, while targeted therapy with imatinib is recommended for advanced or metastatic disease.
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This document provides an outline and overview of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Some key points:
- GISTs are rare cancers that arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. Most common in stomach and small intestine.
- Majority have activating mutations in KIT or PDGFRA genes leading to uncontrolled cell growth. 5% are hereditary syndromes.
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2) Techniques like FISH and PCR are useful for distinguishing subtypes of sarcomas and supporting diagnoses, especially in non-canonical cases.
3) Specific gene fusions and mutations have been identified that are diagnostic for entities like Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and GIST.
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) dr ridu kumar sharma
GISTs are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. They are driven by mutations in c-Kit and PDGFR genes. Surgery is the main treatment for localized disease, while imatinib is effective systemic therapy for advanced or metastatic GISTs. Imatinib targets the c-Kit mutation to inhibit tumor growth with acceptable toxicity. Tumor size and mitotic index are prognostic factors used for risk stratification. Ongoing research is exploring additional targeted therapies to treat GISTs.
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This document provides information on gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), including:
- GISTs arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract and are defined by activating mutations in KIT or PDGFRA.
- Common symptoms are nonspecific but most GISTs are found in the stomach.
- Immunohistochemistry shows positivity for CD117 in 95% of cases, as well as DOG1, CD34, and protein kinase C theta.
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THE gist OF GIST
GIST tumors arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. They are typically positive for CD117 and CD34 markers. The majority of GISTs have mutations in genes like KIT or PDGFRA. Treatment involves surgical resection, though imatinib therapy can be used for advanced cases. Prognosis depends on factors like tumor size, mitotic rate, and location within the GI tract.
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(1) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract and arise from interstitial cells of Cajal. (2) Most GISTs involve the stomach and small intestine. (3) Clinical features vary depending on the size and location of the tumor, ranging from asymptomatic small tumors to abdominal pain, bleeding, or obstruction with larger tumors. (4) Surgery with clear margins remains the main treatment for localized GISTs, while targeted therapy with imatinib is recommended for advanced or metastatic disease.
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This case report describes a 52-year-old male farmer who presented with abdominal pain and bleeding for several months. Imaging revealed multiple liver abscesses and a mass arising from the second part of the duodenum. Biopsy of the mass during endoscopy indicated adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent a Whipple procedure where a 6x5cm mass was removed. Post-operative biopsy found it to be a malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The patient was referred for chemotherapy. GISTs of the duodenum are rare but often diagnosed via endoscopy with biopsy. Surgical resection is the main treatment but imatinib may help downstage tumors for less invasive surgery or as adjuvant therapy.
Gist
This document provides an outline and overview of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Some key points:
- GISTs are rare cancers that arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. Most common in stomach and small intestine.
- Majority have activating mutations in KIT or PDGFRA genes leading to uncontrolled cell growth. 5% are hereditary syndromes.
- Diagnosis involves imaging (CT/MRI), endoscopy with biopsy for immunohistochemistry and genetic testing.
- Prognosis depends on tumor size, location, mitotic rate and genotype. Surgery is the main treatment, while tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatininb are also
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This document discusses the utility of integrating molecular genetics with soft tissue pathology. Key points include:
1) Molecular genetics can help more accurately define disease entities, improve diagnostic accuracy, and identify prognostic and therapeutic targets.
2) Techniques like FISH and PCR are useful for distinguishing subtypes of sarcomas and supporting diagnoses, especially in non-canonical cases.
3) Specific gene fusions and mutations have been identified that are diagnostic for entities like Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and GIST.
4) While molecular findings cannot replace morphology, genetics provides an important adjunct for diagnosis, especially in challenging cases. The integration of both disciplines has enhanced understanding and classification of soft
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) dr ridu kumar sharma
GISTs are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. They are driven by mutations in c-Kit and PDGFR genes. Surgery is the main treatment for localized disease, while imatinib is effective systemic therapy for advanced or metastatic GISTs. Imatinib targets the c-Kit mutation to inhibit tumor growth with acceptable toxicity. Tumor size and mitotic index are prognostic factors used for risk stratification. Ongoing research is exploring additional targeted therapies to treat GISTs.
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This document provides information on gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), including:
- GISTs arise from interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract and are defined by activating mutations in KIT or PDGFRA.
- Common symptoms are nonspecific but most GISTs are found in the stomach.
- Immunohistochemistry shows positivity for CD117 in 95% of cases, as well as DOG1, CD34, and protein kinase C theta.
- Risk stratification systems exist to determine malignant potential and guide treatment, which frequently involves tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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This document contains medical information about a 55-year-old male patient presenting with a 1-year history of an ulcer on his penis, as well as swelling and pain in his groin region and scrotum over the past 8-6 months. Physical examination revealed the penile and groin ulcers, as well as swollen lymph nodes and scrotal enlargement. Biopsy of the penile ulcer showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Imaging and tests identified secondary infection with Pseudomonas bacteria and scrotal elephantiasis. The patient was diagnosed with advanced penile cancer complicated by infection and elephantiasis, requiring total penectomy and lymph node dissection for treatment.
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2) Clinically, patients present with pain, swelling, fever, and weight loss near the tumor site. Radiologically, the tumor appears osteolytic and aggressive, often with periosteal reaction. Histologically, it shows small, blue round cells with minimal cytoplasm and rosette formations.
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Dicer mutation in tumors
History of DICER1 mutation
DICER1 function
Mutated DICER1 – tumorigenic mechanism
Constellation of lesions associated with DICER1
DICER1 IHC
When to test?
Therapeutic options
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- Chondroblastoma is now classified as a benign tumor rather than intermediate based on its low metastasis rate.
- 95% of chondroblastomas harbor H3F3A or H3F3B mutations.
- Atypical cartilaginous tumor replaces chondrosarcoma in the appendicular skeleton to reflect variable prognosis between sites.
- Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is defined by HEY1-NCOA2 fusions in over 90% of cases.
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3) Prognostic factors include age, extent of surgical resection, and performance status. Genetic alterations in pathways such as EGFR and p53 are implicated in glioblastoma pathogenesis. Emerging treatments target these pathways or use immunotherapy, gene therapy, or novel drug
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1. The IRSG study from 1972-1997 evaluated treatment protocols for rhabdomyosarcoma and established a staging and grouping system to determine prognosis and guide therapy.
2. Results showed surgery is important, with Group I having the best outlook while Group IV has the worst. Radiation therapy improved outcomes for Groups II and III. Chemotherapy including VAC or VIE improved failure-free and overall survival.
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This presentation is useful for understanding the role and application of the frozen section in histopathology
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This presentation is focused on diagnostic utility of Red blood cell indices which will be very useful for undergraduate and postgraduate of medical field.
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A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
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Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
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Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
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This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
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BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
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Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
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This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
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Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
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