This document provides guidelines for office and out-of-office blood pressure measurement from the 2021 European Society of Hypertension. It recommends using validated automated devices for accuracy and discusses aspects of measurement including white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and blood pressure variability. Office blood pressure remains important but can be misleading, so out-of-office methods like ambulatory blood pressure monitoring or home monitoring are recommended when possible to confirm diagnoses and treatment decisions. Standardized measurement techniques aim to improve precision and properly diagnose and manage hypertension.
Clinical and ct features in pediatric patients with covid19 infection differe...gisa_legal
- The study examined 20 pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by testing, analyzing their clinical features, lab results, and chest CT scans.
- Key findings included higher rates of procalcitonin elevation and coinfection compared to adults, as well as consolidation with surrounding halo signs on CT scans.
- The results suggest underlying coinfection may be more common in pediatric COVID-19 patients than adults, and consolidation with halo is a typical CT sign.
The document discusses common equipment used in intensive care units (ICU) to monitor patients and treat illnesses. Patients in the ICU are often connected to bedside monitors that track vital signs like heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels. Intravenous (IV) catheters are used to deliver fluids and medications into blood vessels. Ventilators are used to support breathing by inserting breathing tubes through the mouth or tracheostomy in the neck. Other equipment discussed includes arterial lines to monitor blood pressure, pacemakers to regulate abnormal heart rhythms, chest tubes to drain fluids from the lungs, and feeding tubes for providing nutrition.
Make it simple enhanced shock management by focused cardiac ultrasoundHm Tang
Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) can help clinicians evaluate and manage patients in shock. The SIMPLE approach provides a simple mnemonic for non-cardiologists to apply FoCUS. It involves assessing the Size of cardiac chambers, presence of fluid in the pericardium or pleura, movement of the InterVentricular Septum, and appearance of the aorta. FOCUS helps diagnose the type of shock, guide treatment, and improve outcomes for patients in shock.
The document discusses various devices used in intensive care units (ICUs) for patient monitoring and life support. It describes equipment for monitoring vital signs like heart rate and blood pressure. Devices discussed include arterial lines, central venous lines, pulse oximeters, ventilators, infusion pumps, and crash carts. The roles of nurses in operating and overseeing this equipment are also reviewed.
This document discusses smart medical devices in the ICU. It outlines common illnesses treated in the ICU like respiratory, renal and heart failure. It describes current treatment methods like mechanical ventilation, dialysis and ventricular assist devices. However, these require constant monitoring and tuning by medical experts. The proposed method involves smart medical devices that can automatically tune treatment parameters based on patient conditions without expert supervision. This could increase treatment efficiency and help patients leave the ICU sooner.
This study investigated the ability of stroke volume variation (SVV) and corrected flow time (FTc), as measured by an ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM), to predict fluid responsiveness in 60 children after congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery. The main findings were:
1) Only SVV significantly correlated with change in stroke volume index (DSVI) and could predict fluid responsiveness, with an optimal threshold of 17.04% .
2) SVV was a better predictor of fluid responsiveness in children who required higher inotropic support (inotropic score >10) compared to those who required less support (score ≤10).
3) SVV and DSVI significantly
Cardiac surgery involves opening the chest and operating on the heart. Common procedures include repairing or replacing valves, repairing congenital defects, and coronary artery bypass grafting. During open heart surgery, the patient is placed on a heart-lung machine that circulates and oxygenates their blood while the heart is stopped. Post-operative care focuses on promoting cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal function while preventing complications like bleeding, infection, and low cardiac output. Early ambulation and exercise are emphasized along with health education prior to discharge.
Clinical and ct features in pediatric patients with covid19 infection differe...gisa_legal
- The study examined 20 pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by testing, analyzing their clinical features, lab results, and chest CT scans.
- Key findings included higher rates of procalcitonin elevation and coinfection compared to adults, as well as consolidation with surrounding halo signs on CT scans.
- The results suggest underlying coinfection may be more common in pediatric COVID-19 patients than adults, and consolidation with halo is a typical CT sign.
The document discusses common equipment used in intensive care units (ICU) to monitor patients and treat illnesses. Patients in the ICU are often connected to bedside monitors that track vital signs like heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels. Intravenous (IV) catheters are used to deliver fluids and medications into blood vessels. Ventilators are used to support breathing by inserting breathing tubes through the mouth or tracheostomy in the neck. Other equipment discussed includes arterial lines to monitor blood pressure, pacemakers to regulate abnormal heart rhythms, chest tubes to drain fluids from the lungs, and feeding tubes for providing nutrition.
Make it simple enhanced shock management by focused cardiac ultrasoundHm Tang
Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) can help clinicians evaluate and manage patients in shock. The SIMPLE approach provides a simple mnemonic for non-cardiologists to apply FoCUS. It involves assessing the Size of cardiac chambers, presence of fluid in the pericardium or pleura, movement of the InterVentricular Septum, and appearance of the aorta. FOCUS helps diagnose the type of shock, guide treatment, and improve outcomes for patients in shock.
The document discusses various devices used in intensive care units (ICUs) for patient monitoring and life support. It describes equipment for monitoring vital signs like heart rate and blood pressure. Devices discussed include arterial lines, central venous lines, pulse oximeters, ventilators, infusion pumps, and crash carts. The roles of nurses in operating and overseeing this equipment are also reviewed.
This document discusses smart medical devices in the ICU. It outlines common illnesses treated in the ICU like respiratory, renal and heart failure. It describes current treatment methods like mechanical ventilation, dialysis and ventricular assist devices. However, these require constant monitoring and tuning by medical experts. The proposed method involves smart medical devices that can automatically tune treatment parameters based on patient conditions without expert supervision. This could increase treatment efficiency and help patients leave the ICU sooner.
This study investigated the ability of stroke volume variation (SVV) and corrected flow time (FTc), as measured by an ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM), to predict fluid responsiveness in 60 children after congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery. The main findings were:
1) Only SVV significantly correlated with change in stroke volume index (DSVI) and could predict fluid responsiveness, with an optimal threshold of 17.04% .
2) SVV was a better predictor of fluid responsiveness in children who required higher inotropic support (inotropic score >10) compared to those who required less support (score ≤10).
3) SVV and DSVI significantly
Cardiac surgery involves opening the chest and operating on the heart. Common procedures include repairing or replacing valves, repairing congenital defects, and coronary artery bypass grafting. During open heart surgery, the patient is placed on a heart-lung machine that circulates and oxygenates their blood while the heart is stopped. Post-operative care focuses on promoting cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal function while preventing complications like bleeding, infection, and low cardiac output. Early ambulation and exercise are emphasized along with health education prior to discharge.
This document provides information about exercise stress testing, including:
1. Exercise stress testing is a fundamental test used to evaluate cardiovascular disease that is easy to perform, flexible, reliable, and inexpensive.
2. Exercise stress testing can elicit abnormalities not seen at rest, estimate functional capacity and prognosis of coronary artery disease, and evaluate many cardiovascular conditions.
3. Proper patient preparation, test protocol selection, monitoring during the test, and follow up are important to ensure safety and accurate results. Electrocardiogram measurements during the test help identify ischemic changes indicative of cardiovascular disease.
This document reviews recommendations for managing chronic medication therapies in the perioperative period based on a literature review. It summarizes guidelines for various drug classes, including cardiovascular drugs like beta-blockers which should generally be continued, and ACE inhibitors/ARBs which may need to be discontinued. It also reviews antiplatelet drugs like aspirin that may need to be stopped before some surgeries depending on bleeding risk. Recommendations are provided for anticoagulants as well, noting that factors like kidney function and surgery bleeding risk must be considered for drugs like the new oral anticoagulants. The review aims to help clinicians safely manage patients' chronic medications in the perioperative setting.
The document provides information about exercise tolerance tests. Key points include:
1) Exercise tolerance tests evaluate the cardiovascular system's response to exercise under controlled conditions and can detect issues like coronary artery disease.
2) The tests have several purposes like detecting coronary artery disease, evaluating physical capacity, and assessing response to medical interventions.
3) There are different types of exercises used in the tests, including isometric, dynamic, and combinations of the two. Dynamic exercise is considered most appropriate for evaluating cardiovascular response.
The document describes three different medical procedures: a Holter monitor which is a portable ECG device worn by patients for a few hours or days to monitor heart activity while moving around; ligation and stripping which is a minor surgery to remove damaged varicose veins by tying them off or stripping them out; and stress testing where patients exercise on a treadmill or bike while doctors monitor their EKG and oxygen levels to assess heart stability under stress.
This document provides an overview and summary of guidelines developed by the Australian Resuscitation Council for the initial management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It discusses the need to address pre-hospital and emergency management of ACS, which has been an area of increased research. The guidelines cover topics such as presentation and diagnosis of ACS, initial medical therapy, and reperfusion strategies for ST elevation myocardial infarction. It aims to complement existing guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of ACS and focus on management in the first hours after symptom onset.
The intensive care unit (ICU) provides specialized monitoring and treatment for critically ill patients. There are various types of ICUs depending on the specific medical needs, such as surgical ICU, cardiac ICU, and pediatric ICU. The ICU is equipped to provide life support and closely monitor vital functions through equipment like cardiac monitors, ventilators, and invasive pressure monitors. Patients admitted to the ICU typically have critical illnesses, organ failures, or require major surgery and post-operative care. The ICU aims to optimize life support and adequate monitoring through the use of specialized equipment, monitoring devices, catheters, drains, and medical staff expertise.
The document provides guidelines for the investigation and management of acute transfusion reactions in the UK. It includes recommendations for recognizing reactions, immediate management depending on symptom severity, appropriate investigations, and management of subsequent transfusions. Key recommendations include treating reactions based on symptoms rather than classification; stopping transfusions temporarily if new symptoms occur but maintaining venous access; treating anaphylaxis with epinephrine; considering bacterial contamination or hemolytic reaction if fever is sustained or high; discussing patients with anaphylactic or recurrent reactions with specialists; and reporting all but mild reactions to regulatory organizations. The guidelines aim to provide a framework for safe and effective response to potential transfusion complications.
Intensive care units are equipped with various monitoring and life support devices to care for critically ill patients. These include patient monitoring equipment like ECG machines and pulse oximeters, life support devices like ventilators and infusion pumps, and diagnostic tools like portable x-rays. Central lines and arterial lines provide vascular access. Other important devices are bedside monitors to continuously track vital signs, intracranial pressure monitors for brain injuries, and crash carts containing emergency resuscitation equipment. Nurses are responsible for properly operating and maintaining these devices to closely monitor patients and support life.
The document discusses preoperative preparation and assessment of patients. It outlines the key steps which include gathering relevant medical history, conducting a physical exam, ordering appropriate tests and labs, identifying and managing any medical conditions, developing a treatment plan, discussing risks and obtaining consent. The goals are to optimize the patient's condition, minimize risks and communicate effectively with the surgical team. Key aspects of the physical exam and specific considerations for various medical conditions are also described. Finally, the document discusses arranging the operating room schedule to ensure proper resources and prioritization of patients.
Hamza Ali Mohammed ALhassan has over 15 years of experience maintaining various medical equipment. He received a BSc in Biomedical Engineering from Sudan University of Science and Technology in 2001. Since then, he has worked for several hospitals and medical organizations in Sudan and Saudi Arabia, maintaining equipment such as x-ray machines, ultrasound machines, ventilators, and laboratory devices. Currently, he works as a consultant biomedical engineer for the Ministry of Health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
medical evaluation of the surgical patientAmit Shrestha
The document provides guidelines for preoperative medical evaluation and optimization of surgical patients. It discusses grading surgical risk, collecting patient history and health information, assessing cardiac and pulmonary risk, managing common comorbidities like diabetes, and recommending prophylaxis for infections and blood clots. Key aspects include using standardized questionnaires; evaluating risk factors like age, functional status and clinical markers; providing preventative therapies like beta blockers and statins as needed; and implementing measures to reduce pulmonary and thrombotic complications through the pre-, intra-, and postoperative periods.
This document summarizes a study evaluating the association between activated clotting time (ACT) levels and time to hemostasis and radial artery patency following radial artery catheterization. The study found that higher ACT levels were weakly correlated with longer times to hemostasis, with a difference of only 10 minutes between low and high ACT groups. ACT levels were not significantly associated with radial artery patency. The conclusions were that ACT levels do not have a clinically significant impact on outcomes and that there is no need to consider protamine sulfate treatment following radial procedures.
Cost Effectiveness Procedures in cathlab: Tips and TricksIsman Firdaus
1) The document discusses strategies for improving cost effectiveness in cardiac catheterization labs in Indonesia under the country's universal health coverage program. It analyzes costs based on procedures, devices, hospitalization, and remuneration.
2) Several strategies are proposed, including standardizing devices and implants for UHC patients, clinical pathways to standardize length of stays, and using national formularies. Teamwork, physician champions, and data-driven management are emphasized.
3) Metrics like door-to-balloon times for STEMI patients are discussed as important for monitoring performance and outcomes. Overall the document focuses on balancing clinical needs with budget constraints of Indonesia's universal health coverage.
Intensive care unit (ICU) equipment includes patient monitoring, respiratory and cardiac support, pain management, emergency resuscitation devices, and other life support equipment.
An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive treatment medicine.
Surgeon Champion Call 2010 - Dr Peter Dorismart1971
This document summarizes the journey of Surrey Memorial Hospital in implementing the ACS-NSQIP program to track surgical outcomes and improve quality. It describes initial challenges with data quality including missing data, coding errors and inconsistencies that were addressed through staff education and updated processes. It provides examples of pneumonia and catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention initiatives that were undertaken using a team-based approach including practice changes, education and audits to reduce infection rates. Graphics show outcomes data over time comparing the hospital to NSQIP benchmarks.
This document provides an overview and instructions for the American Red Cross Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers Handbook. It describes that the handbook is intended to teach emergency care procedures consistent with international resuscitation guidelines and American Heart Association recommendations. It acknowledges contributions from the American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council, made up of medical experts, who provided guidance. It also notes that the care steps are consistent with 2010 international resuscitation consensus recommendations and guidelines.
The document discusses various devices used in intensive care units (ICUs). It describes patient monitoring equipment like arterial lines, bedside monitors, ventilators, and intracranial pressure monitors that are used to continuously track vital signs. It also discusses life support devices like mechanical ventilators and resuscitation carts. The roles of these devices and nursing care responsibilities are explained over multiple pages.
This document lists 164 hospital forms categorized into 25 categories. It includes forms for doctors, nurses, operating rooms, emergency rooms, consent, infection control, quality assurance, radiology, HR, maintenance and more. The forms cover documentation for patient assessments, orders, monitoring, handovers, discharge, equipment maintenance, HR processes and other administrative functions in a hospital.
This study summarizes the treatment of 187 patients with penetrating thoracic injuries admitted to a hospital in Taiz, Yemen during 2015-2016. It finds that most patients were male (90.9%), between 18-60 years old (83.4%), and injured by gunshot wounds (70.1%). The majority of injuries were isolated penetrating thoracic injuries (74.9%) rather than combined with abdominal injuries (25.1%). The most common treatment was tube thoracostomy (84.5%), while a minority (15%) required thoracotomy. Treatment options correlated with injury type and mechanism, with more thoracotomies performed for gunshot wounds compared to blast injuries. The study aims to describe management
The document provides guidelines for the management of hypertension from the 2020 International Society of Hypertension. It begins by defining its scope and purpose in providing worldwide guidelines tailored for both low and high resource settings. It then discusses definitions of hypertension, recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnostic evaluations, treatment approaches, and specific circumstances. The guidelines are intended to standardize hypertension care globally and address the needs of all clinical settings.
Assessment of ankle_brachial_pressure_index_in_driversUsha Sri
This document summarizes research on measuring ankle brachial index (ABI) in heavy vehicle drivers with and without type 2 diabetes. The study aims to use ABI to assess peripheral arterial disease. It outlines methods for measuring ABI non-invasively in 60 drivers aged 40-60, half with diabetes. ABI ratios below 0.9 may indicate arterial disease risk. The study seeks to determine if diabetic drivers have more arterial disease detected by lower ABIs compared to non-diabetic drivers. Standardized ABI training is needed for accurate screening of peripheral vascular and cardiovascular disease risk.
This document provides information about exercise stress testing, including:
1. Exercise stress testing is a fundamental test used to evaluate cardiovascular disease that is easy to perform, flexible, reliable, and inexpensive.
2. Exercise stress testing can elicit abnormalities not seen at rest, estimate functional capacity and prognosis of coronary artery disease, and evaluate many cardiovascular conditions.
3. Proper patient preparation, test protocol selection, monitoring during the test, and follow up are important to ensure safety and accurate results. Electrocardiogram measurements during the test help identify ischemic changes indicative of cardiovascular disease.
This document reviews recommendations for managing chronic medication therapies in the perioperative period based on a literature review. It summarizes guidelines for various drug classes, including cardiovascular drugs like beta-blockers which should generally be continued, and ACE inhibitors/ARBs which may need to be discontinued. It also reviews antiplatelet drugs like aspirin that may need to be stopped before some surgeries depending on bleeding risk. Recommendations are provided for anticoagulants as well, noting that factors like kidney function and surgery bleeding risk must be considered for drugs like the new oral anticoagulants. The review aims to help clinicians safely manage patients' chronic medications in the perioperative setting.
The document provides information about exercise tolerance tests. Key points include:
1) Exercise tolerance tests evaluate the cardiovascular system's response to exercise under controlled conditions and can detect issues like coronary artery disease.
2) The tests have several purposes like detecting coronary artery disease, evaluating physical capacity, and assessing response to medical interventions.
3) There are different types of exercises used in the tests, including isometric, dynamic, and combinations of the two. Dynamic exercise is considered most appropriate for evaluating cardiovascular response.
The document describes three different medical procedures: a Holter monitor which is a portable ECG device worn by patients for a few hours or days to monitor heart activity while moving around; ligation and stripping which is a minor surgery to remove damaged varicose veins by tying them off or stripping them out; and stress testing where patients exercise on a treadmill or bike while doctors monitor their EKG and oxygen levels to assess heart stability under stress.
This document provides an overview and summary of guidelines developed by the Australian Resuscitation Council for the initial management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It discusses the need to address pre-hospital and emergency management of ACS, which has been an area of increased research. The guidelines cover topics such as presentation and diagnosis of ACS, initial medical therapy, and reperfusion strategies for ST elevation myocardial infarction. It aims to complement existing guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of ACS and focus on management in the first hours after symptom onset.
The intensive care unit (ICU) provides specialized monitoring and treatment for critically ill patients. There are various types of ICUs depending on the specific medical needs, such as surgical ICU, cardiac ICU, and pediatric ICU. The ICU is equipped to provide life support and closely monitor vital functions through equipment like cardiac monitors, ventilators, and invasive pressure monitors. Patients admitted to the ICU typically have critical illnesses, organ failures, or require major surgery and post-operative care. The ICU aims to optimize life support and adequate monitoring through the use of specialized equipment, monitoring devices, catheters, drains, and medical staff expertise.
The document provides guidelines for the investigation and management of acute transfusion reactions in the UK. It includes recommendations for recognizing reactions, immediate management depending on symptom severity, appropriate investigations, and management of subsequent transfusions. Key recommendations include treating reactions based on symptoms rather than classification; stopping transfusions temporarily if new symptoms occur but maintaining venous access; treating anaphylaxis with epinephrine; considering bacterial contamination or hemolytic reaction if fever is sustained or high; discussing patients with anaphylactic or recurrent reactions with specialists; and reporting all but mild reactions to regulatory organizations. The guidelines aim to provide a framework for safe and effective response to potential transfusion complications.
Intensive care units are equipped with various monitoring and life support devices to care for critically ill patients. These include patient monitoring equipment like ECG machines and pulse oximeters, life support devices like ventilators and infusion pumps, and diagnostic tools like portable x-rays. Central lines and arterial lines provide vascular access. Other important devices are bedside monitors to continuously track vital signs, intracranial pressure monitors for brain injuries, and crash carts containing emergency resuscitation equipment. Nurses are responsible for properly operating and maintaining these devices to closely monitor patients and support life.
The document discusses preoperative preparation and assessment of patients. It outlines the key steps which include gathering relevant medical history, conducting a physical exam, ordering appropriate tests and labs, identifying and managing any medical conditions, developing a treatment plan, discussing risks and obtaining consent. The goals are to optimize the patient's condition, minimize risks and communicate effectively with the surgical team. Key aspects of the physical exam and specific considerations for various medical conditions are also described. Finally, the document discusses arranging the operating room schedule to ensure proper resources and prioritization of patients.
Hamza Ali Mohammed ALhassan has over 15 years of experience maintaining various medical equipment. He received a BSc in Biomedical Engineering from Sudan University of Science and Technology in 2001. Since then, he has worked for several hospitals and medical organizations in Sudan and Saudi Arabia, maintaining equipment such as x-ray machines, ultrasound machines, ventilators, and laboratory devices. Currently, he works as a consultant biomedical engineer for the Ministry of Health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
medical evaluation of the surgical patientAmit Shrestha
The document provides guidelines for preoperative medical evaluation and optimization of surgical patients. It discusses grading surgical risk, collecting patient history and health information, assessing cardiac and pulmonary risk, managing common comorbidities like diabetes, and recommending prophylaxis for infections and blood clots. Key aspects include using standardized questionnaires; evaluating risk factors like age, functional status and clinical markers; providing preventative therapies like beta blockers and statins as needed; and implementing measures to reduce pulmonary and thrombotic complications through the pre-, intra-, and postoperative periods.
This document summarizes a study evaluating the association between activated clotting time (ACT) levels and time to hemostasis and radial artery patency following radial artery catheterization. The study found that higher ACT levels were weakly correlated with longer times to hemostasis, with a difference of only 10 minutes between low and high ACT groups. ACT levels were not significantly associated with radial artery patency. The conclusions were that ACT levels do not have a clinically significant impact on outcomes and that there is no need to consider protamine sulfate treatment following radial procedures.
Cost Effectiveness Procedures in cathlab: Tips and TricksIsman Firdaus
1) The document discusses strategies for improving cost effectiveness in cardiac catheterization labs in Indonesia under the country's universal health coverage program. It analyzes costs based on procedures, devices, hospitalization, and remuneration.
2) Several strategies are proposed, including standardizing devices and implants for UHC patients, clinical pathways to standardize length of stays, and using national formularies. Teamwork, physician champions, and data-driven management are emphasized.
3) Metrics like door-to-balloon times for STEMI patients are discussed as important for monitoring performance and outcomes. Overall the document focuses on balancing clinical needs with budget constraints of Indonesia's universal health coverage.
Intensive care unit (ICU) equipment includes patient monitoring, respiratory and cardiac support, pain management, emergency resuscitation devices, and other life support equipment.
An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive treatment medicine.
Surgeon Champion Call 2010 - Dr Peter Dorismart1971
This document summarizes the journey of Surrey Memorial Hospital in implementing the ACS-NSQIP program to track surgical outcomes and improve quality. It describes initial challenges with data quality including missing data, coding errors and inconsistencies that were addressed through staff education and updated processes. It provides examples of pneumonia and catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention initiatives that were undertaken using a team-based approach including practice changes, education and audits to reduce infection rates. Graphics show outcomes data over time comparing the hospital to NSQIP benchmarks.
This document provides an overview and instructions for the American Red Cross Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers Handbook. It describes that the handbook is intended to teach emergency care procedures consistent with international resuscitation guidelines and American Heart Association recommendations. It acknowledges contributions from the American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council, made up of medical experts, who provided guidance. It also notes that the care steps are consistent with 2010 international resuscitation consensus recommendations and guidelines.
The document discusses various devices used in intensive care units (ICUs). It describes patient monitoring equipment like arterial lines, bedside monitors, ventilators, and intracranial pressure monitors that are used to continuously track vital signs. It also discusses life support devices like mechanical ventilators and resuscitation carts. The roles of these devices and nursing care responsibilities are explained over multiple pages.
This document lists 164 hospital forms categorized into 25 categories. It includes forms for doctors, nurses, operating rooms, emergency rooms, consent, infection control, quality assurance, radiology, HR, maintenance and more. The forms cover documentation for patient assessments, orders, monitoring, handovers, discharge, equipment maintenance, HR processes and other administrative functions in a hospital.
This study summarizes the treatment of 187 patients with penetrating thoracic injuries admitted to a hospital in Taiz, Yemen during 2015-2016. It finds that most patients were male (90.9%), between 18-60 years old (83.4%), and injured by gunshot wounds (70.1%). The majority of injuries were isolated penetrating thoracic injuries (74.9%) rather than combined with abdominal injuries (25.1%). The most common treatment was tube thoracostomy (84.5%), while a minority (15%) required thoracotomy. Treatment options correlated with injury type and mechanism, with more thoracotomies performed for gunshot wounds compared to blast injuries. The study aims to describe management
The document provides guidelines for the management of hypertension from the 2020 International Society of Hypertension. It begins by defining its scope and purpose in providing worldwide guidelines tailored for both low and high resource settings. It then discusses definitions of hypertension, recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnostic evaluations, treatment approaches, and specific circumstances. The guidelines are intended to standardize hypertension care globally and address the needs of all clinical settings.
Assessment of ankle_brachial_pressure_index_in_driversUsha Sri
This document summarizes research on measuring ankle brachial index (ABI) in heavy vehicle drivers with and without type 2 diabetes. The study aims to use ABI to assess peripheral arterial disease. It outlines methods for measuring ABI non-invasively in 60 drivers aged 40-60, half with diabetes. ABI ratios below 0.9 may indicate arterial disease risk. The study seeks to determine if diabetic drivers have more arterial disease detected by lower ABIs compared to non-diabetic drivers. Standardized ABI training is needed for accurate screening of peripheral vascular and cardiovascular disease risk.
This document presents the 2018 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension from the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. It was developed by a task force of experts and provides an updated definition of hypertension, classifications of blood pressure, prevalence and risks associated with elevated blood pressure, as well as guidelines for blood pressure measurement, evaluation of hypertension-mediated organ damage, and treatment strategies. The guidelines emphasize the importance of assessing total cardiovascular risk and refining risk based on the presence of organ damage in hypertensive patients.
This document provides answers to questions on workup, diagnosis, and risk stratification for acute coronary syndromes based on the 2020 ESC Guidelines. It discusses the differences between NSTEMI and unstable angina, noting that NSTEMI involves cardiac injury while unstable angina does not. It also notes that the diagnosis of NSTEMI relies on clinical assessment, electrocardiogram, and cardiac troponin levels. The advantages of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays are highlighted as allowing for earlier rule-out of myocardial infarction and shorter hospital stays. Introduction of high-sensitivity troponin is also expected to increase NSTEMI diagnoses and decrease unstable angina diagnoses due to improved detection of minor cardiac injuries.
European clinical practice guideline on diagnosis hiponatremiaJaime dehais
1. Hyponatraemia, defined as a serum sodium concentration less than 135 mmol/l, is common in clinical practice and associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay.
2. Despite this, management of patients with hyponatraemia remains problematic due to diverse approaches across institutions and specialties.
3. The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Society of Endocrinology, and European Renal Association developed this joint clinical practice guideline to provide a standardized approach to diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia.
Hypertension is a major public health problem and important area of research due to its high prevalence and being major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications. Objectives 1. To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors and 2. to estimate awareness, treatment, and adequacy of control of hypertension among study subjects. According to the Joint National Committee 7 JNC7 , normal blood pressure is a systolic BP 120 mmHg and diastolic BP 80 mm Hg. Hypertension is defined as systolic BP level of =140 mmHg and or diastolic BP level = 90 mmHg. A number of factors increase BP, including 1 obesity, 2 insulin resistance, 3 high alcohol intake, 4 high salt intake in salt sensitive patients , 5 aging and perhaps 6 sedentary lifestyle, 7 stress, 8 low potassium intake, and 9 low calcium intake. Shweta Pawar | Sujit Kakde | Ashok Bhosale "A Review: Hypertension" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42416.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/42416/a-review-hypertension/shweta-pawar
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized UN agency responsible for international health and public health. Through WHO, health professionals from 165 countries collaborate to help all people attain a level of health allowing a productive life by 2000. WHO promotes comprehensive health services, disease prevention and control, environmental improvement, health workforce development, research coordination, and health program planning and implementation. Progress requires international cooperation on standards, criteria, drug names, regulations, disease classification, and health statistics.
This document provides guidelines from the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) for adult advanced life support. It addresses the prevention and treatment of both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. The guidelines are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The key changes in these 2020 guidelines include a greater focus on preventing cardiac arrests by recognizing premonitory signs, emphasizing high-quality chest compressions and early defibrillation, and expanding the role of point-of-care ultrasound and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The guidelines provide concise recommendations for cardiac arrest prevention, treatment algorithms, airway management, drug
This document discusses blood pressure measurement and hypertension. It provides guidelines for proper blood pressure measurement technique and defines thresholds for diagnosing and treating hypertension. It also discusses the use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and home blood pressure monitoring to improve diagnosis and management of hypertension. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guide...Angela Fonseca Latino
This document provides an overview and summary of the 2020 International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. It begins with an introduction stating the purpose and motivation for developing worldwide guidelines. It describes the guideline development process, including the composition of the guidelines committee. The document then provides definitions of hypertension based on blood pressure readings and classifications of blood pressure levels. It outlines recommendations for diagnosing hypertension through office blood pressure measurements and details proper measurement techniques. The summary highlights the key goals and approaches of the 2020 ISH Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines.
This document provides guidelines for the management of hypertension from the International Society of Hypertension (ISH). It aims to provide evidence-based recommendations that are practical for both low and high resource settings.
The guidelines were developed by extracting evidence from recently published guidelines and tailoring them to be concise and easy to use globally. They define hypertension as a blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg based on office measurements. The guidelines recommend lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatment for confirmed hypertension. They also provide guidance on diagnostic tests, risk factors, target organ damage, comorbidities and special circumstances like pregnancy. The goal is to reduce the global burden of raised blood pressure through practical standards of care.
Newest 2020 ISH global hypertension practice guidelinesChanRyan4
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for guidelines on the management of hypertension. It aims to provide evidence-based recommendations tailored for both high and low resource settings. The guidelines were developed by extracting content from recently published extensively reviewed guidelines. It recognizes that optimal care may not always be possible, so essential standards of care are provided that recognize limitations in clinical evidence and resources. The motivation for developing these guidelines is the large global burden of raised blood pressure, with awareness, treatment and control rates especially low in low- and middle-income countries.
This document provides guidelines for the management of hypertension from the International Society of Hypertension (ISH). It aims to extract evidence-based recommendations from major guidelines and tailor them for both high and low resource settings. Section 1 introduces the context and purpose of the guidelines, which is to reduce the global burden of raised blood pressure. It notes that while over 1 billion people have hypertension, rates of awareness, treatment and control remain low, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The guidelines thus seek to provide practical, globally-applicable recommendations to improve hypertension management worldwide.
The document discusses updated guidelines for diagnosing and treating hypertension that were released in 2017. Some key points:
- The new guidelines lower the threshold for stage 1 hypertension to 130/80 mm Hg from 140/90 mm Hg. This means nearly half of US adults now have hypertension based on these guidelines.
- Lifetime risk of developing hypertension is approximately 90% for adults aged 55-65 based on data from the Framingham Heart Study.
- Self-monitoring and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provide benefits over office-based measurements alone for managing hypertension.
- Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, reduced sodium intake, increased potassium and physical activity are recommended as first-line treatment for many with elevated blood pressure
The guidelines provide recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. They were developed by the Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and European Respiratory Society, and endorsed by several other societies. The guidelines include information on the pathology, pathobiology, screening, and quality of life measurements related to various forms of pulmonary hypertension.
The document describes a team's concept for a non-invasive blood pressure monitoring device called Beat Vine. The device uses laser holography to measure blood pressure without the need for an inflatable cuff. It consists of a laser source, beam splitter, mirror, sensor and microcontroller. The laser light is used to create a hologram of blood vessels and blood flow, from which blood pressure data is extracted using signal processing algorithms on a microcontroller. If developed, Beat Vine would provide continuous, real-time and cuffless blood pressure monitoring in clinical and home environments.
Stroke prevention services - quality & safety indicatorsHelicon Health
Prof David Patterson, Consultant Cardiologist, Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine and CEO of Helicon Health, gave this presentation at Commissioning Live - November 2014. He covers a range of issues including better identification of patients with atrial fibrillation and better management of anticoagulation patients.
Helicon Health's web-based integrated package - HeliconHeart - is compliant with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on anticoagulation and self-monitoring, and cited as a learning exemplar in NICE’s guidelines for atrial fibrillation.
Clinical Practice Guideline on management of patients with diabetes and chron...Ahmed Albeyaly
This document provides a summary of a clinical practice guideline on managing patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3b or higher. It outlines the composition of the guideline development group, which included nephrologists, endocrinologists, and epidemiologists from several European countries. The group aimed to provide guidance on evidence-based approaches to improve care for this patient population. The guideline's target audience is healthcare professionals treating adults with both diabetes and reduced kidney function (eGFR <45 mL/min). It focuses on developing standards of care for managing this complex patient group.
The guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension globally. Key points include:
- Hypertension is defined based on office blood pressure levels. Out-of-office monitoring can be used to confirm white coat or masked hypertension.
- Lifestyle modifications are the first-line treatment approach. Initial drug treatment should lower blood pressure by at least 20/10 mmHg.
- Common drug classes and combinations are recommended based on efficacy and cost-effectiveness. The choice of agents also considers comorbidities.
- Target blood pressures are <140/90 mmHg for those under 65 and <130/80 mmHg for those 65 and over, with the goal of reducing cardiovascular risk.
El documento describe las enseñanzas de Jesús sobre el Reino de Dios. Jesús usó parábolas sencillas de la vida cotidiana para comunicar que el Reino de Dios requiere conversión y fe, ya está presente a través de Jesús y su mensaje, y acoge a todos los que establecen una relación filial con Dios y con los demás. El Reino de Dios significa que la salvación prometida por Dios en el Antiguo Testamento ya ha llegado y consiste en una nueva sociedad justa e igualitaria.
El documento discute las profecías mesiánicas del Antiguo Testamento relacionadas con Jesús y su identidad como el Mesías. Menciona varias profecías que se cumplieron en la vida de Jesús, como nacer en Belén, ser rechazado y crucificado, y ser traicionado por 30 piezas de plata. Concluye preguntando si estas coincidencias fueron accidentales o si fueron parte del plan de Dios para que Jesús salvara a la humanidad de sus pecados a través de su pasión.
El documento habla sobre el pecado. Define el pecado como el alejamiento de Dios y la conversión a las criaturas, así como una ofensa a Dios al no cumplir su voluntad. Explica que aunque el hombre se rebeló contra Dios, Él lo ama tanto que envió a su Hijo Jesús para salvar al hombre de sus pecados. Jesús vino a buscar a los pecadores. También identifica algunas causas modernas de la pérdida del sentido del pecado, como el relativismo, la psicología que niega su realidad y el secularismo
5. Convertios, el Reino de Dios está presente.BrunaCares
Este documento habla sobre la oración, la conversión y el pecado. Explica que la oración es un don de Dios y una relación personal con Dios, Jesucristo y el Espíritu Santo. También describe que Dios prometió la salvación al hombre después del pecado original, y que Jesús predicó la necesidad de la conversión y el arrepentimiento. Por último, resume algunas características de la conversión en el Nuevo Testamento como un cambio total de la persona dirigido a pecadores.
El documento habla sobre la promesa de salvación de Dios para la humanidad. Explica que Dios envió a Jesús por amor para salvarnos del pecado y darnos la vida divina. También menciona que la Encarnación de Jesús como hombre fue para salvarnos y reconciliarnos con Dios, y hacernos partícipes de la naturaleza divina. Finalmente, señala que Cristo es el centro de la historia humana como el principio y el fin.
El documento presenta una introducción a la soteriología, que es el estudio de la doctrina de la salvación. Define la soteriología como el estudio de la salvación a través de las voces griegas "soteria" que significa salvación y "logos" que significa estudio o doctrina. Explica que antes del pecado original, Dios ya había provisto un medio de salvación a través de Cristo y su sacrificio sustitutivo, según se describe en Juan 1:14. Finalmente, concluye reflexionando sobre lo que se aprendió en la le
La Dra. Maria Teresa Moscoso habla sobre la atención en sistemas de salud primarios. Brinda una perspectiva sobre la importancia de estos sistemas y cómo deben enfocarse en proveer servicios integrales, preventivos y de calidad a la población para mejorar su bienestar general.
NUTRICION - Tema 12 Proteinas Definicion y clasificaciónBrunaCares
Este documento describe la estructura y clasificación de las proteínas. Explica que las proteínas tienen cuatro niveles de estructura (primaria, secundaria, terciaria y cuaternaria) y describe cada una. También clasifica las proteínas en holoproteínas (fibrosas y globulares) y heteroproteínas (cromoproteínas, glicoproteínas, lipoproteínas, nucleoproteínas y fosfoproteínas) dependiendo de si tienen o no un grupo prostético.
Este documento describe las propiedades y funciones de los aminoácidos y proteínas. Explica que los aminoácidos son compuestos orgánicos que forman las proteínas y tienen un grupo carboxilo, amino y una cadena lateral. Hay 20 aminoácidos proteicos que forman las proteínas y algunos son esenciales. También describe que los aminoácidos tienen carácter anfótero y contribuyen al control del pH y la homeostasis. Finalmente, indica que los aminoácidos se unen mediante enlaces peptídicos para formar la e
NUTRICION - Tema 14 Requerimientos de proteínasBrunaCares
Este documento discute los requerimientos de proteínas y las fuentes de proteínas. Se recomienda un requerimiento diario de 0.8-1 g de proteína por kg de peso corporal. Las proteínas de origen animal como la carne, el pescado, los huevos y la leche son consideradas de alta calidad porque contienen todos los aminoácidos esenciales y son bien digeridas, mientras que las proteínas vegetales como las legumbres y cereales carecen de uno o más aminoácidos esenciales y son menos dig
NUTRICION - Tema 11 Rol de la anhidrasa carbónicaBrunaCares
El documento describe los roles de la anhidrasa carbónica en los pulmones y riñones en la regulación del pH. El sistema respiratorio regula el pH al eliminar o retener dióxido de carbono, mientras que el riñón provee el mecanismo más efectivo a través de la secreción de hidrogeniones y la generación de bicarbonato. Los trastornos acido-básicos pueden ser respiratorios o metabólicos, y los sistemas respiratorio y renal trabajan juntos para compensar cualquier desequilibrio a través de la regulación
NUTRICION - Tema 10 Mecanismo en el mantenimiento de la homeostasisBrunaCares
El documento describe los mecanismos del sistema bicarbonato para mantener el equilibrio ácido-base en el cuerpo. Explica que el sistema bicarbonato, compuesto por bicarbonato de sodio e iones de hidrógeno, actúa como un amortiguador junto con otros sistemas como el de fosfato y proteínas. Cuando se añade un ácido o base, estos sistemas amortiguan los cambios en el pH de los fluidos corporales a través de reacciones químicas que involucran la captación o liberación controlada de
Este documento trata sobre la autoestima. Define la autoestima como confianza y respeto en uno mismo, y sentir que se vale por lo que se es independientemente de la apariencia o posesiones. Explica que la autoestima se forma principalmente en la infancia y puede ser baja, media o alta. Las personas con baja autoestima suelen tener problemas psicológicos o de comportamiento. Ofrece consejos para mejorar la autoestima como aceptarse uno mismo y valorarse por las cualidades internas.
ETICA CRISTIANA - Tema 5 El valor de la recreaciónBrunaCares
La recreación provee beneficios para el bienestar físico, mental y social del individuo. Ofrece oportunidades para el disfrute, la expresión creativa, el descanso de las obligaciones diarias y el fortalecimiento de las relaciones interpersonales. Incluye actividades tanto pasivas como activas que pueden practicarse a lo largo de toda la vida. La recreación juega un papel importante en la salud, la educación y la prevención de problemas sociales.
ETICA CRISTIANA - Tema 4 Valores familiaresBrunaCares
Este documento ofrece consejos bíblicos para llevar un hogar cristiano. Resalta la importancia de la disciplina, la obediencia y el amor entre padres e hijos. También enfatiza la necesidad de dedicar a los hijos a Dios, identificar valores cristianos claros y celebrar el culto familiar regularmente. El objetivo es ayudar a los padres a transmitir su fe a los hijos y criar una familia que honre a Dios.
ETICA CRISTIANA - Tema 8. La ética de JesúsBrunaCares
Este documento resume los principales puntos de la ética de Jesús según el cristianismo. Explica que la moral cristiana se basa en la revelación de Dios y el seguimiento de Cristo, no solo en principios filosóficos. Destaca las características de afectar lo más íntimo del ser humano y culminar en la caridad. También describe los deberes morales del cristiano según la ley natural, la ley evangélica y las enseñanzas de la Iglesia, así como la relación entre la ley moral y
ETICA CRISTIANA - Tema 6 El valor de la eficaciaBrunaCares
La eficacia se refiere a la capacidad de un individuo, grupo u organización para lograr un objetivo planificado de manera eficiente. Implica tener la causa adecuada para producir el efecto deseado.
El documento presenta información sobre plantas medicinales y aromáticas como una alternativa de producción comercial en Paraguay. Explica que el consumo de estas plantas es tradicional en el país, pero su cultivo es aún incipiente. Detalla aspectos generales como clasificaciones, propiedades, formas de preparación y usos. Luego describe la tecnología de producción, recolección y mercado en Paraguay y el mundo, concluyendo con recomendaciones para promover su desarrollo.
Este documento resume los principales síntomas y signos del aparato urinario, incluyendo dolor renal y uretral, síntomas urinarios bajos como disuria y polaquiuria, y alteraciones en el volumen y aspecto de la orina. Explica que el dolor renal suele ser poco frecuente y causado por infección u obstrucción, mientras que el dolor uretral se caracteriza por comenzar de forma insidiosa y aumentar de intensidad, irradiándose a la ingle o genitales.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).