This document discusses diseases of the cardiovascular system. It begins with an introduction to the anatomy and function of the heart and circulation. It then discusses examination methods for the heart and the cardiac cycle. It explains principles of circulatory failure including heart failure and peripheral circulatory failure. Abnormal heart rhythms like tachycardia and bradycardia are also summarized. Treatment methods for different cardiovascular diseases and failures are provided.
The document discusses the cardiovascular system and factors that influence heart disease. It begins by describing the vital functions of the heart and blood vessels in transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body. It then explains the four main components of blood - plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets - and their respective roles. Finally, it provides an overview of blood flow, blood pressure, blood vessel anatomy and the layers comprising arteries.
The heart is an essential organ that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system. It is located behind the breastbone and is divided into four chambers. The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body's tissues. Heart disease refers to conditions that involve blocked blood vessels and can cause heart attacks or strokes. Common forms of heart disease include heart failure, where the heart cannot pump enough blood, and heart attacks caused by blood clots blocking blood flow. Heart valve diseases can be caused by conditions present at birth or due to rheumatic fever, infections, or connective tissue disorders.
This slide explains about chambers,circulation and anatomy of heart. And also about the diseases of heart and blood vessels. gives explanation about diagnosis of the cardiovascular diseases, with both surgical and pharmacological treatment.
Blood vessels are tubular structures that facilitate blood circulation as blood flows through arteries, veins, capillaries, arterioles and venules. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Blood pressure refers to the force of blood pushing against vessel walls and is highest when the heart beats faster.
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. It defines CAD as a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high blood lipids, and diabetes. Symptoms can include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests, and assessing cholesterol levels. Treatment includes lifestyle changes like a low-fat diet and medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure.
The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is made up of the heart and blood vessels. It is responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, oxygen, water, and waste products throughout the entire body in mammals. The heart pumps around 1.5 gallons of blood per minute through a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries, ensuring all cells receive nutrients and oxygen and remove waste. Blockages in the coronary arteries, which supply the heart, can lead to coronary heart disease over many years as plaque builds up in the arteries.
This document summarizes the key components and functions of the circulatory system. It discusses the three main parts: blood vessels which transport blood, the heart which pumps blood, and blood which carries oxygen and nutrients. It describes the types of blood vessels and the four chambers of the heart. It provides details on blood flow through the heart and body, explaining how oxygenated blood is circulated from the lungs throughout the body. Finally, it gives an overview of blood composition and the main blood types.
This document discusses diseases of the cardiovascular system. It begins with an introduction to the anatomy and function of the heart and circulation. It then discusses examination methods for the heart and the cardiac cycle. It explains principles of circulatory failure including heart failure and peripheral circulatory failure. Abnormal heart rhythms like tachycardia and bradycardia are also summarized. Treatment methods for different cardiovascular diseases and failures are provided.
The document discusses the cardiovascular system and factors that influence heart disease. It begins by describing the vital functions of the heart and blood vessels in transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body. It then explains the four main components of blood - plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets - and their respective roles. Finally, it provides an overview of blood flow, blood pressure, blood vessel anatomy and the layers comprising arteries.
The heart is an essential organ that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system. It is located behind the breastbone and is divided into four chambers. The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body's tissues. Heart disease refers to conditions that involve blocked blood vessels and can cause heart attacks or strokes. Common forms of heart disease include heart failure, where the heart cannot pump enough blood, and heart attacks caused by blood clots blocking blood flow. Heart valve diseases can be caused by conditions present at birth or due to rheumatic fever, infections, or connective tissue disorders.
This slide explains about chambers,circulation and anatomy of heart. And also about the diseases of heart and blood vessels. gives explanation about diagnosis of the cardiovascular diseases, with both surgical and pharmacological treatment.
Blood vessels are tubular structures that facilitate blood circulation as blood flows through arteries, veins, capillaries, arterioles and venules. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Blood pressure refers to the force of blood pushing against vessel walls and is highest when the heart beats faster.
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. It defines CAD as a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high blood lipids, and diabetes. Symptoms can include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests, and assessing cholesterol levels. Treatment includes lifestyle changes like a low-fat diet and medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure.
The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is made up of the heart and blood vessels. It is responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, oxygen, water, and waste products throughout the entire body in mammals. The heart pumps around 1.5 gallons of blood per minute through a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries, ensuring all cells receive nutrients and oxygen and remove waste. Blockages in the coronary arteries, which supply the heart, can lead to coronary heart disease over many years as plaque builds up in the arteries.
This document summarizes the key components and functions of the circulatory system. It discusses the three main parts: blood vessels which transport blood, the heart which pumps blood, and blood which carries oxygen and nutrients. It describes the types of blood vessels and the four chambers of the heart. It provides details on blood flow through the heart and body, explaining how oxygenated blood is circulated from the lungs throughout the body. Finally, it gives an overview of blood composition and the main blood types.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. Blood vessels include arteries, which carry blood away from the heart, capillaries where gas and nutrient exchange occurs, and veins which carry blood back to the heart. Major cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis, heart attacks, strokes, and hypertension.
This document discusses blood pressure, including arterial blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. It describes physiological variations in blood pressure related to factors like age, sex, body build, and emotional state. Pathological variations are discussed relating to central factors like cardiac output and heart rate, and peripheral factors like peripheral resistance, blood volume, and elasticity of blood vessels. The document outlines nervous, renal, and hormonal mechanisms that regulate blood pressure, as well as conditions like hypertension and hypotension.
Arteriosclerosis occurs when arteries become thick and stiff due to a build-up of plaque, restricting blood flow. Atherosclerosis is a specific type where plaque builds up inside artery walls. It can affect arteries throughout the body, leading to coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, or kidney disease. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and lifestyle factors like smoking and diet. Diagnosis involves tests like angiograms, stress tests, and blood work. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications, while advanced cases may require surgery to restore blood flow.
The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body, and removes wastes from tissues. It includes the heart, which pumps blood through arteries, capillaries, and veins. The document defines key terms related to the parts and functions of the circulatory system, and describes several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. It also lists some common treatments for cardiovascular issues like angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, and carotid endarterectomy.
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, circulation, and common medical procedures. It describes the heart's location, layers, chambers, and functions. It explains the roles of arteries, veins, and blood vessels in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood transport. It also summarizes pacemaker systems, implantable defibrillators, coronary artery bypass grafting procedures, and common cardiac issues like tachycardia and bradycardia.
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system. It begins with learning objectives focused on the circulatory system, including distinguishing between arteries and veins, describing the two main circulations, and identifying blood vessels. It then covers the key components of the circulatory system in more detail, explaining arteries, veins, and capillaries. Additional sections define related topics like blood pressure, pulse, and the factors that control blood pressure. Diagrams are included to illustrate the circulatory system and major blood vessels.
The document discusses the human cardiovascular system. It begins by describing the anatomy of the heart, including its size and location in the chest. It then discusses the four chambers of the heart and the layers surrounding it. Next, it summarizes the three main functions of the cardiovascular system: transportation of materials, protection from pathogens, and regulation of homeostasis. It provides examples for each function. The document then discusses the layers of the heart wall, heart chambers, heart valves, blood vessels including arteries, capillaries and veins, blood flow through the heart, the conduction system, heart sounds, heart rhythm including normal rhythm and arrhythmias, and blood pressure.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. It describes the internal structures of the heart including the chambers and valves. It then discusses several pathological heart conditions such as arrhythmias, heart block, flutter, and fibrillation. Treatment options for these conditions are also outlined such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and ablation. Common procedures like cardiac catheterization, angiography, angioplasty, and bypass surgery are summarized. Various cardiac imaging and stress tests are also described.
The cardiovascular system document describes the structure and function of the heart and circulatory system. It discusses that the heart has four chambers separated by septums and valves that allow blood to flow between the atria and ventricles. The circulatory system carries oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues via arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart via veins. The document provides details on cardiac output, blood vessels, heart valves, conduction system, electrocardiogram, and the pulmonary and systemic circulations.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and network of blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the body. The heart pumps blood in a continuous cycle called the cardiac cycle. Blood is carried away from the heart through arteries and returns to the heart through veins, passing through capillaries where nutrients and gases are exchanged. The cardiovascular system can be affected by congenital heart defects present from birth or conditions like heart failure that impair the heart's ability to pump effectively.
This document discusses various circulatory system complications including varicose veins, hypertension, hypotension, atherosclerosis, shock, heart attack, and stroke. It defines each condition, describes common symptoms and causes, and outlines treatment approaches. The goal is for students to distinguish between different circulatory disorders, explain how diseases occur and are treated, and increase awareness to help prevent issues.
The circulatory system is over 60,000 miles long, enough to go around the world more than twice. The heart pumps around 2,000 gallons of blood per day through this vast network of arteries, veins and capillaries. Blood takes about 20 seconds to circulate throughout the entire vascular system. The circulatory system transports blood from the heart to the lungs and throughout the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and waste.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers and uses electrical signals to contract in a rhythmic pattern to pump blood throughout the body. The autonomic nervous system and hormones regulate heart rate and function. Diseases that can affect the cardiovascular system include arrhythmias, congenital defects, degenerative conditions like heart disease or failure, inflammatory issues, and vascular or valvular disorders. Treatments involve drug therapies, surgeries like bypass or transplantation, and other procedures like stents, pacemakers, or defibrillation.
The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body using arteries, veins and capillaries that total over 60,000 miles in length. The heart pumps around 5 quarts of blood per minute, totaling around 2,000 gallons per day distributed around the body. Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma and makes over 100,000 circulations per day on average over a lifetime.
The document summarizes information about the human heart and heart disease. It discusses the basic anatomy and function of the heart, describing how blood flows through the heart's chambers and vessels. It also provides fun facts about the heart and lists several types of heart disease, including congenital heart defects, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction.
The human heart is a muscular organ that provides continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle. It is located in the middle of the chest behind the sternum. The heart is divided into four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. Blood flows through the heart via heart valves which allow blood to flow in one direction. The heart's rhythm is controlled by the sinoatrial node which generates electrical signals to coordinate contractions. The cardiac cycle consists of diastole where chambers fill with blood and systole where ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart. The circulatory system transports blood from the heart to tissues and back again via different circulatory routes.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a muscular pump located behind the sternum that rhythmically contracts to circulate blood through 60,000 miles of vessels. The heart is divided into four chambers - the right and left atria receive blood, and the right and left ventricles pump it out. Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets suspended in plasma and transports oxygen, nutrients, waste and defenses through the closed circulatory system. The cardiovascular system includes pulmonary circulation from the heart to the lungs and systemic circulation from the heart through the body.
The human heart has four chambers - the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while the veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. The aorta is the largest artery and carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. Pulmonary veins uniquely carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a muscular organ composed of four chambers that pump blood through two circuits. Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs and from the left ventricle to the entire body via arteries. Valves control the direction of blood flow between chambers. The cardiovascular system functions to deliver oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and remove waste via a continuous circulatory loop.
This document summarizes information about atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It discusses the structure and function of the heart, how coronary arteries supply the heart with blood, and what happens in atherosclerosis when fatty deposits build up in the arteries. The document outlines risk factors for coronary artery disease like high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, and lack of physical activity. It describes potential signs and symptoms of the disease including chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart attack. Finally, it provides an overview of treatment options for coronary artery disease such as lifestyle changes, medications, stenting, angioplasty, and bypass surgery.
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, limiting blood flow. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. This can lead to serious problems like heart attack or stroke if it reduces blood flow too much. The plaque is made up of substances like fat, cholesterol, and calcium. Risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Atherosclerosis can affect arteries throughout the body and lead to diseases like coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease depending on where the blockages occur. Lifestyle changes and medication can help prevent atherosclerosis from worsening.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. Blood vessels include arteries, which carry blood away from the heart, capillaries where gas and nutrient exchange occurs, and veins which carry blood back to the heart. Major cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis, heart attacks, strokes, and hypertension.
This document discusses blood pressure, including arterial blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. It describes physiological variations in blood pressure related to factors like age, sex, body build, and emotional state. Pathological variations are discussed relating to central factors like cardiac output and heart rate, and peripheral factors like peripheral resistance, blood volume, and elasticity of blood vessels. The document outlines nervous, renal, and hormonal mechanisms that regulate blood pressure, as well as conditions like hypertension and hypotension.
Arteriosclerosis occurs when arteries become thick and stiff due to a build-up of plaque, restricting blood flow. Atherosclerosis is a specific type where plaque builds up inside artery walls. It can affect arteries throughout the body, leading to coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, or kidney disease. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and lifestyle factors like smoking and diet. Diagnosis involves tests like angiograms, stress tests, and blood work. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications, while advanced cases may require surgery to restore blood flow.
The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body, and removes wastes from tissues. It includes the heart, which pumps blood through arteries, capillaries, and veins. The document defines key terms related to the parts and functions of the circulatory system, and describes several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. It also lists some common treatments for cardiovascular issues like angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, and carotid endarterectomy.
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, circulation, and common medical procedures. It describes the heart's location, layers, chambers, and functions. It explains the roles of arteries, veins, and blood vessels in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood transport. It also summarizes pacemaker systems, implantable defibrillators, coronary artery bypass grafting procedures, and common cardiac issues like tachycardia and bradycardia.
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system. It begins with learning objectives focused on the circulatory system, including distinguishing between arteries and veins, describing the two main circulations, and identifying blood vessels. It then covers the key components of the circulatory system in more detail, explaining arteries, veins, and capillaries. Additional sections define related topics like blood pressure, pulse, and the factors that control blood pressure. Diagrams are included to illustrate the circulatory system and major blood vessels.
The document discusses the human cardiovascular system. It begins by describing the anatomy of the heart, including its size and location in the chest. It then discusses the four chambers of the heart and the layers surrounding it. Next, it summarizes the three main functions of the cardiovascular system: transportation of materials, protection from pathogens, and regulation of homeostasis. It provides examples for each function. The document then discusses the layers of the heart wall, heart chambers, heart valves, blood vessels including arteries, capillaries and veins, blood flow through the heart, the conduction system, heart sounds, heart rhythm including normal rhythm and arrhythmias, and blood pressure.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. It describes the internal structures of the heart including the chambers and valves. It then discusses several pathological heart conditions such as arrhythmias, heart block, flutter, and fibrillation. Treatment options for these conditions are also outlined such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and ablation. Common procedures like cardiac catheterization, angiography, angioplasty, and bypass surgery are summarized. Various cardiac imaging and stress tests are also described.
The cardiovascular system document describes the structure and function of the heart and circulatory system. It discusses that the heart has four chambers separated by septums and valves that allow blood to flow between the atria and ventricles. The circulatory system carries oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues via arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart via veins. The document provides details on cardiac output, blood vessels, heart valves, conduction system, electrocardiogram, and the pulmonary and systemic circulations.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and network of blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the body. The heart pumps blood in a continuous cycle called the cardiac cycle. Blood is carried away from the heart through arteries and returns to the heart through veins, passing through capillaries where nutrients and gases are exchanged. The cardiovascular system can be affected by congenital heart defects present from birth or conditions like heart failure that impair the heart's ability to pump effectively.
This document discusses various circulatory system complications including varicose veins, hypertension, hypotension, atherosclerosis, shock, heart attack, and stroke. It defines each condition, describes common symptoms and causes, and outlines treatment approaches. The goal is for students to distinguish between different circulatory disorders, explain how diseases occur and are treated, and increase awareness to help prevent issues.
The circulatory system is over 60,000 miles long, enough to go around the world more than twice. The heart pumps around 2,000 gallons of blood per day through this vast network of arteries, veins and capillaries. Blood takes about 20 seconds to circulate throughout the entire vascular system. The circulatory system transports blood from the heart to the lungs and throughout the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and waste.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers and uses electrical signals to contract in a rhythmic pattern to pump blood throughout the body. The autonomic nervous system and hormones regulate heart rate and function. Diseases that can affect the cardiovascular system include arrhythmias, congenital defects, degenerative conditions like heart disease or failure, inflammatory issues, and vascular or valvular disorders. Treatments involve drug therapies, surgeries like bypass or transplantation, and other procedures like stents, pacemakers, or defibrillation.
The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body using arteries, veins and capillaries that total over 60,000 miles in length. The heart pumps around 5 quarts of blood per minute, totaling around 2,000 gallons per day distributed around the body. Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma and makes over 100,000 circulations per day on average over a lifetime.
The document summarizes information about the human heart and heart disease. It discusses the basic anatomy and function of the heart, describing how blood flows through the heart's chambers and vessels. It also provides fun facts about the heart and lists several types of heart disease, including congenital heart defects, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction.
The human heart is a muscular organ that provides continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle. It is located in the middle of the chest behind the sternum. The heart is divided into four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. Blood flows through the heart via heart valves which allow blood to flow in one direction. The heart's rhythm is controlled by the sinoatrial node which generates electrical signals to coordinate contractions. The cardiac cycle consists of diastole where chambers fill with blood and systole where ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart. The circulatory system transports blood from the heart to tissues and back again via different circulatory routes.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a muscular pump located behind the sternum that rhythmically contracts to circulate blood through 60,000 miles of vessels. The heart is divided into four chambers - the right and left atria receive blood, and the right and left ventricles pump it out. Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets suspended in plasma and transports oxygen, nutrients, waste and defenses through the closed circulatory system. The cardiovascular system includes pulmonary circulation from the heart to the lungs and systemic circulation from the heart through the body.
The human heart has four chambers - the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while the veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. The aorta is the largest artery and carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. Pulmonary veins uniquely carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a muscular organ composed of four chambers that pump blood through two circuits. Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs and from the left ventricle to the entire body via arteries. Valves control the direction of blood flow between chambers. The cardiovascular system functions to deliver oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and remove waste via a continuous circulatory loop.
This document summarizes information about atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It discusses the structure and function of the heart, how coronary arteries supply the heart with blood, and what happens in atherosclerosis when fatty deposits build up in the arteries. The document outlines risk factors for coronary artery disease like high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, and lack of physical activity. It describes potential signs and symptoms of the disease including chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart attack. Finally, it provides an overview of treatment options for coronary artery disease such as lifestyle changes, medications, stenting, angioplasty, and bypass surgery.
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, limiting blood flow. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. This can lead to serious problems like heart attack or stroke if it reduces blood flow too much. The plaque is made up of substances like fat, cholesterol, and calcium. Risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Atherosclerosis can affect arteries throughout the body and lead to diseases like coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease depending on where the blockages occur. Lifestyle changes and medication can help prevent atherosclerosis from worsening.
Coronary artery disease is one of the most common and serious effects of aging where fatty deposits build up in the walls of blood vessels and narrow the passageway for blood flow. Over time, this condition called atherosclerosis can lead to a blockage of the coronary arteries and a heart attack. The heart is a muscle that pumps blood through the lungs and body to provide oxygen and nutrients. The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle itself. Risk factors for coronary artery disease include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and lack of physical activity. Treatment options depend on the severity of blockages and may include lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery.
Atherosclerosis is a disease where fatty deposits build up in the arteries and restrict blood flow. It is the leading cause of heart attacks and occurs when cholesterol builds up on the inner walls of the arteries that supply the heart. Over time, this buildup narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow. If a blocked artery completely closes off, it can cause a heart attack. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Treatment options depend on the severity and can include lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, stents, or bypass surgery to reroute blood flow around blocked arteries.
The document provides information about coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and physiotherapy treatment. It begins with an introduction to coronary artery disease and how CABG surgery works to bypass blocked arteries and improve blood flow to the heart. It then discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart, including the chambers, valves, coronary arteries and blood flow pathways. It provides a history of the development of CABG surgery and discusses postoperative goals and recovery.
Hey, these are the slides me n my friends made... Use them if u want to... for viewing the videos used click on the links given ahead.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jzOti_MtmBk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9MARqmqSf4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yokcKhqq48c
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJZVFRJmc9M
The document provides a lesson plan on congestive heart failure (CHF). It defines CHF and lists its causes such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. It discusses the pathophysiology of CHF including how the heart initially tries to compensate through hypertrophy, dilation, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. However, these compensatory mechanisms can ultimately cause further damage. The document also covers the types of CHF (systolic and diastolic), diagnostic procedures, and management of the condition.
1. Artificial hearts have been developed since the early 1980s, but early models provided poor quality of life for patients and many complications.
2. The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the human heart and describes coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure as the two main causes requiring heart transplantation or artificial hearts.
3. Early heart transplant experiments in animals in the 1900s were unsuccessful due to organ rejection, but research into immunosuppressant drugs in the 1950s helped facilitate later advancements in heart transplantation for humans.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that reach all parts of the body. The heart has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood out. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste. Some key facts are that the circulatory system would stretch over 60,000 miles if laid out, capillaries make up 80% of its length, and the heart can function outside the body if supplied with oxygen. Common cardiovascular diseases include heart failure, high blood pressure, and stroke.
1) The circulatory system moves blood throughout the body using the heart, arteries, and veins. The heart pumps blood from the left and right ventricles through the arteries.
2) Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues and cells through capillaries and returns to the heart through veins. Interruption of blood flow can damage organs.
3) Risk factors for heart disease and stroke include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol use. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can reduce risks.
The document discusses various diseases of the heart and blood vessels. It describes the structure of the heart and how diseases can affect the heart's chambers, valves, arteries and muscle. Some of the most common heart diseases mentioned are coronary artery disease, heart attacks, heart failure, arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects. It also discusses various diseases that can affect the blood vessels, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, aneurysms, and peripheral arterial disease. Finally, it provides an overview of several common heart scanning techniques used to diagnose heart conditions, such as echocardiograms, stress tests, angiograms, CT scans, MRI and PET scans.
Atherosclerosis is an intima-based lesion organized into a fibrous cap and an atheromatous (gruel-like) core and composed of SMCs, ECM, inflammatory cells, lipids, and necrotic debris.
Atherogenesis is driven by an interplay of inflammation and injury to vessel wall cells.
Atherosclerotic plaques accrue slowly over decades but may acutely cause symptoms due to rupture, thrombosis, hemorrhage, or embolization.
Risk factor recognition and reduction can reduce the incidence and severity of atherosclerosis-related disease.
Endothelial function can be improved after successful periodontal treatment
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, limiting blood flow. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows arteries. This can lead to serious problems like heart attack or stroke if it reduces blood flow to organs and body parts. Atherosclerosis can affect any artery and cause diseases like coronary heart disease (the #1 killer in the US), carotid artery disease which can cause strokes, or peripheral arterial disease which affects arms and legs. Lifestyle changes and medication can help prevent and slow the progression of atherosclerosis.
This document discusses cardiac disorders and atherosclerosis. It begins by outlining the objectives of reviewing cardiac anatomy and physiology, coronary circulation, the conduction system of the heart, factors regulating stroke volume, and atherosclerosis. It then provides details on the location and chambers of the heart, blood flow through the heart, the conducting system, coronary circulation, the anatomy of blood vessels, lipoproteins, atherosclerosis versus arteriosclerosis, risk factors for coronary artery disease, and major constitutional and acquired risk factors.
The heart is divided into four chambers by septa and valves. The document discusses the anatomy and function of the heart and blood vessels. It then describes various heart diseases and conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and methods used to diagnose and treat heart disease.
Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle (myocardium). It provides oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle while removing carbon dioxide and other waste products. The coronary arteries branch off from the aorta and supply blood to the heart muscle. When these arteries become narrowed or blocked due to conditions like atherosclerosis, it can lead to coronary artery disease and potentially heart attacks.Coronary circulation is considered a type of systemic circulation because it is part of the larger circulatory system that supplies oxygenated blood to all the tissues and organs of the body, including the heart muscle itself. It is distinct from other types of circulation, such as pulmonary circulation, which involves the flow of blood between the heart and the lungs.
Coronary circulation branches off from the main systemic circulation. The coronary arteries, including the left coronary artery (which further divides into the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery) and the right coronary artery, are the main branches responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle. These arteries then further divide into smaller branches and capillaries that penetrate the myocardium, ensuring oxygen and nutrients are delivered to all areas of the heart muscle.
Coronary circulation is vitally important because it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle, allowing it to function properly. The heart is a muscular organ that continuously pumps blood throughout the body, including to its own tissues. Without adequate coronary circulation, the heart muscle can become deprived of oxygen, leading to tissue damage, dysfunction, and potentially life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks or myocardial infarctions. Therefore, maintaining healthy coronary circulation is crucial for overall heart health and optimal functioning of the cardiovascular system.
Coronary circulation is clinically important for several reasons:
1. **Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):** CAD is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis). This can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to chest pain (angina), heart attacks, and potentially life-threatening complications.
2. **Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack):** When a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, it can cause a heart attack by depriving a portion of the heart muscle of oxygen and nutrients. Prompt medical intervention is critical to restore blood flow and prevent further damage to the heart.
3. **Diagnostic Tests:** Various diagnostic tests, such as coronary angiography and stress tests, are used to assess the function and integrity of the coronary circulation. These tests help diagnose coronary artery disease and guide treatment decisions.
4. **Interventions:** Procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) ..
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers and pumps oxygenated blood received from the lungs into the main artery (aorta) and deoxygenated blood received from the body into the pulmonary artery to be sent to the lungs. Blood flows through two circulations - systemic circulation where blood is pumped from the heart to the body and pulmonary circulation where blood travels from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated. The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste through arteries, veins and capillaries to keep the body functioning properly.
circulation.pdf for students to study an educate themselvesackeemb419
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, including:
- The objectives are to describe heart structures and functions, different types of circulation, diseases and treatments, and care devices.
- Key terms related to the heart anatomy are defined.
- The heart is enclosed in membranes and composed of three layers. It has four chambers separated by valves that control blood flow.
- Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood and exchange materials. The conduction system coordinates heart contractions.
2. Introduction
Coronary circulation is the blood flow to the heart
that supplies the heart with oxygen and nutrients.
Without this the heart muscles would begin to die.
Heart muscle unlike other muscles cannot heal itself.
As heart tissue dies off the heart doesn’t contract as
well, and cannot keep up with the demands of the
body. Cardiac catherization seeks to remove blocked
blood vessels in the heart to restore blood flow to the
heart. Blocked blood vessels are most often caused
by coronary artery disease.
3. Coronary Circulation
Two branches off the aorta called the right and left
coronary arteries supply blood to the heart (David,
Jackie, & Lewis, 2010, Chapter 15).
The right coronary artery travels along the
atrioventricular sulcus and has two branches. The
posterior interventricular artery travels along the
posterior interventricular sulcus and supplies the
walls of both ventricles . (David, Jackie, & Lewis,
2010, Chapter 15).
4. Coronary Circulation continued
The marginal artery travels along the lower border of
the heart and has branches that supply the walls of
the right atrium and the right
ventricle(David, Jackie, & Lewis, 2010, Chapter 15).
The left coronary artery has a branch called the
circumflex artery that follows the atrioventricular
sulcus between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
It supplies blood to the wall of the left atrium and the
left ventricle (David, Jackie, & Lewis, 2010, Chapter
15).
5. Coronary Circulation Continued
The anterior interventricular artery is a branch of
the left coronary artery and travels in the anterior
interventricular sulcus. This artery supplies blood
to the walls of both ventricles (David, Jackie, &
Lewis, 2010, Chapter 15).
Smaller branches of the arteries usually have
connections that serve as alternative pathways for
blood called collateral circulation (David, Jackie, &
Lewis, 2010, Chapter 15).
6. Coronary Circulation continued
Cardiac veins drain blood that have passed through
the capillaries in the heart.
The veins follow the arteries in the coronary system.
They join the coronary sinus: a large vein that
empties into the right atrium so blood can be sent to
the lungs to pick up oxygen (David, Jackie, & Lewis,
2010, Chapter 15).
7. Coronary Artery Disease
Over time plaque (a substance made up of
cholesterol and lipids) can build up on the arterial
walls narrowing the openings and reducing blood
flow.
This plaque can rupture and cause clots that further
block arteries.
Sometimes the arteries become completely blocked
and the heart cannot get blood, as a result the
muscles in that region of the heart begin to die.
(The Mayo Clinic staff [Mayo Clinic], 2010, para. 1-2)
8. Cardiac Catherization
Cardiac catherization is a procedure to treat heart
disease or diagnose it
A thin flexible tube called a catheter is sent into a
blood vessel in the groin, neck, or arm then travels
through the blood vessels to the heart .
A dye is injected into the tube and can show
blockages on x-rays.
Your doctor can then diagnose or treat these
blockages.(Medicine Net, 2012)
9. Cardiac Catherization
Small tools or medicines can also be inserted or
injected to remove blockages.
A uninflated balloon can also be threaded though
and inflated to enlarge the opening.
Stents, an expandable tube or coil, can also be placed
to hold an artery open.
These procedures help restore blood flow to the
affected area.
10. Cardiac
catherization
The doctor will
make an
incision in the
upper thigh to
access the
femoral artery
pictured here.
This will be the
insertion point
for the catheter
(Aprevealed, 2012).
14. The Causes of Heart Disease
Blocked blood vessels prevent the flow of blood to
the heart.
When the flow of blood is not reaching the heart
tissues are starved of oxygen and nutrients.
As the heart beats continuously the tissues begin to
die, dead tissue cannot heal.
As more areas of the heart die it contracts less
forcibly and cannot meet the demands of the body
for blood(David, Jackie, & Lewis, 2010, Chapter 15).
15. Risks factors for Cardiovascular disease
A sedentary lifestyle.
A diet high in fats and cholesterol.
Smoking constricts blood vessels.
Diabetes can cause damage to the blood vessels from
high blood sugars.
High blood pressure.
Heredity or family history of heart disease.
16. Risks for Cardiovascular Disease
Age as you get older plaque naturally builds up in
your blood vessels.
Men are at more risk and women after menopause.
High blood cholesterol or blood lipids.
Obesity puts strain on the entire body, the heart has
to pump harder to push blood through.
High stress
(Mayo Clinic, 2012)
17. References
Anatomy & Physiology Revealed 3.0 (Version 3.0) [Computer software]. (2011).
Retrieved from http://www.mhhe.com/sem/apr3/
David, S., Jackie, B., & Lewis, R. (2010). Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology (12
ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
MedicineNet.com. (2012). Heart Disease and Cardiac Catheterization. Retrieved
from http://www.medicinenet.com/cardiac_catheterization/article.htm
The Mayo Clinic staff. (2010). Coronary artery disease. Retrieved from
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/coronary-artery-disease/DS00064