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Carc 08.01
alessandro.bogliolo@uniurb.it
08. Communication
08.01 BUS and I/O
• Device interface
• Address mapping
Computer Architecture
alessandro.bogliolo@uniurb.it
Carc 08.01
alessandro.bogliolo@uniurb.it
Peripherals
• Interface:
• DREG
• SREG
• CREG
• Address comparator
• Address decoder
• Communication:
• Data transfer among registers
• If data/status registers are associated with unique addresses and
connected to the data BUS, communication entails only read and write
instructions
• Device-specific interfaces are implemented by the device drivers that
uses low-level read and write instructions to provide high-level
functionalities
Carc 08.01
alessandro.bogliolo@uniurb.it
Address space
• Memory-mapped devices:
• No dedicated read/write instructions
• Memory read/write instructions are used to access the registers of a
peripheral device
• There is a unique address space to map both memory and I/O devices
• Memory and I/O operations are distinguished only from their
addresses
• I/O-mapped devices:
• Dedicated I/O read/write instructions
• Since different OpCodes are used to encode memory and I/O
operations, addresses can be replicated: the register of a device can
have the same address of a memory location

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CArcMOOC 08.01 - Communication

  • 1. Carc 08.01 alessandro.bogliolo@uniurb.it 08. Communication 08.01 BUS and I/O • Device interface • Address mapping Computer Architecture alessandro.bogliolo@uniurb.it
  • 2. Carc 08.01 alessandro.bogliolo@uniurb.it Peripherals • Interface: • DREG • SREG • CREG • Address comparator • Address decoder • Communication: • Data transfer among registers • If data/status registers are associated with unique addresses and connected to the data BUS, communication entails only read and write instructions • Device-specific interfaces are implemented by the device drivers that uses low-level read and write instructions to provide high-level functionalities
  • 3. Carc 08.01 alessandro.bogliolo@uniurb.it Address space • Memory-mapped devices: • No dedicated read/write instructions • Memory read/write instructions are used to access the registers of a peripheral device • There is a unique address space to map both memory and I/O devices • Memory and I/O operations are distinguished only from their addresses • I/O-mapped devices: • Dedicated I/O read/write instructions • Since different OpCodes are used to encode memory and I/O operations, addresses can be replicated: the register of a device can have the same address of a memory location