memamahi ururan pemberian obat

1. Cara Pemberian Obat
zulfiayu

2. Oral
Peralatan
a. Baki obat
b. Kartu rencana pengobatan
c. Cangkir disposible untuk tempat obat
d. Martil dan lumpang penggerus

3. Oral
Tahap Kerja:
a. Siapkan peralatan dan cuci tangan
b. Kaji kemampuan pasien untuk dapat minum obat per
oral (kemampuan menelan, mual dan muntah, akan
dilakukan penghisapan cairna lambung, atau tidak
boleh makan/minum).
c. Periksa kembali order pengobatan
d. Ambil obat sesuai yang diperlukan.
e. Siapkan obat-obatan yg akan diberikan (gunakan teknik
aseptik, jangan menyentuh obat dan cocokkan dgn
order pengobatan)

4. Oral
Tahap Kerja:
f. Beri obat pada waktu dan cara yg benar yi dgn cara :
 Yakin pasien benar
 Atur posisi pasien duduk bila mungkin
 Kaji tanda-tanda vital pasien
 Berikan cairan/air yg cukup u membantu menelan, anjurkan
pasien meletakkan obat di lidah bagian belakang, kemudian
pasien dianjurkan minum
 Bila obat mempunyai rasa tidak enak, beri es batu/pisang
 Tetap bersama pasien sampai obat ditelan
g. Catat tindakan, kembalikan peralatan, evaluasi stlh 30 menit

5. Sublingual
 Letakkan di bawah lidah, jangan ditelan.
 Biarkan sampai tablet hancur dan terserap.
 Obat beraksi dlm 1 menit dan efekx dalam 3 menit.

6. Sublingual
 Letakkan di bawah lidah, jangan ditelan.
 Biarkan sampai tablet hancur dan terserap.
 Obat beraksi dlm 1 menit dan efekx dalam 3 menit.

7. Bukal
 Letakkan di antara gigi dengan selaput lendir pda pipi
bagian dalam

8. Parenteral
 Injeksi intradermal
 Subkutan
 Intramuskular

9. Pemberian Obat Topikal
 Kulit (dermatologis)
 Irigasi dan Instilasi mata
 Instilasi hidung
 Irigasi dan instilasi vagina
 Instilasi telinga

10. Eyedrops
1. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water
2. Check the dropper tip to make sure that is not chipped
or cracked.
3. Avoid touching the dropper tip against your eye or
anitthing else- eyedrops must be kept clean.
4. While tilting your head back, pull down the lower lid of
your eye with your index finger to form a pocket.
5. Hold the dropper (tip down) with the other hand, as
close to the eye as posibble eithout touching it.

11. Eye Drops
6. Brace the remaining fingers of that hand against your face.
7. Gently squeeze the dropper so that the correct number of drops
falls into the pocket made by the lower eyelid.
8. Close your eye for two to three minutes. Wipe any eccess liquid
from your face with a tissue.
9. Replace and tighten the cap right away. Don’t wipe or rinse the
dropper tip.
10. Wash your hands to remove any medication

12. Eyedrops
• If dropper is separate, always hold it with tip down
• Never touch dropper to any surface
• Never rinse dropper
• When dropper is at top of bottle, avoid contaminating cap when removed
• When dropper is permanent fixture on the bottle,ie, when supplied by a
pharmaceutical manufacturer to the pharmacist, the same rules apply to
avoid contamination
• Never use eye drops that have changed color
• If you have more than one bottle of the same kind of the drops, open only
one bottle at a time

14.  If you using more than one kind of drops at the same
time, wait several minutes before use the other
drops.
 It may be helpful in use of the medicine to practice
use by positioning yourself in front of the mirror.
 After instillation of drops, do not close eyes tightly
and try not to blink more often than usual, as it
removes the medicine from the place on the eye
where it will be effective.

15. Ophthalmic Ointments
1. Wash hands
2. Remove cap from tube
3. With one hand, gently pull lower eyelid down
4. While looking up, squeeze a small amount of the
ointment (about ¼ to ½ in) inside lower lid. Be careful
not to touch tip of tube to eye, eyelid, or fingers, etc.
5. Close eye gently and roll eyeball in all directions while
eye is closed. Temporary blurring may occur.
6. The closed eyelid may be rubbed very gently by a
finger to distribute the drug throughout the fornix
7. Replace cap on tube

16. Eye Ointment

17. Ophtalmic Ointments
• Take care to avoid contaminating cap when removed.
• When opening ointment tube for the first time, squeeze
out the first ¼ in of ointment and discard as it may be
too dry.
• Never touch tip of tube to any surface
• If you have more than one tube of the same ointment,
open only one at a time

18. Ophtalmic Ointments
• If you are using more than one kind of ointment at the same
time, wait about 10 min before use of another ointment
• To improve flow of ointment, hold tube in hand several
minutes to warm before use
• It may be helpful in use the ointment to practice use by
positioning yourself in front of a mirror

19. Ear Drops
1. Gently clean your ear with a damp facecloth and then
dry it
2. Wash your hands thoroughly with a soap and water
3. Warm the drops to near body temperature by holding
the container in your hand for a few minutes
4. If the drops are a cloudy suspension, shake the bottle
well for 10 seconds
5. Check the dropper tip to make sure that it is not
chipped or cracked
6. Draw the medication into the dropper, or hod the
dropper-top bottle with the dropper tip down

20. Ear drop
7. Tilt the affected ear up or lie on your side
8. Avoid touching the dropper tip against your ear or
anything else-ear drops must be kept clean
9. Place the correct amount in your ear. Then tug gently
on your ear to allow the drops to run in.
10.Keep your ear tilted up for the few minutes or insert a
soft cotton plug in your ear,whichever method has
been recommended by your pharmacist or doctor
11. Replace and tighten the cap or dropper right away
12.Wash your hands to remove any medication

21. Ear Drops

22. Nose Drops
1. Blow your nose gently
2. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water
3. Check the dropper tip to make sure that is not chipped
or cracked
4. Avoid touching the dropper tip againts your nose or
anything else-nose drops must be kept clean
5. Tilt your head as far back as possible, or lie down on
your back on a flat surface (such as a bed) and hang
your head over the edge

23. Nose Drops
6. Place the drops into your nose
7. Bend your head forward toward your knees and move it
left and right
8. Remain in this position for a few minutes
9. Clean the dropper tip with warm water. Cap the bottle right
away.
10.Wash your hands to remove any medication.

24. Nose Drops

25. Rectal Suppositories
1. Wash your hand thoroughly with a soap and water
2. If the suppository is soft, hold it under cool water to
harden it before removing the wrapper.
3. Remove the wrapper, if present.
4. If you were told to take half of a suppository, cut it
lengthwise with a clean, single-edge razor blade.
5. Put on a finger cot or disposable glove, if desired
6. Lubricate the suppository tip with a water-soluble
lubricant such as K-Y Jelly, not petroleum jelly
(vaseline). If you do not have this lubricant, moisten your
rectal area with cool tap water.

26. Rectal Suppositories
7. Lie on your side with your lower leg straightened out and
your upper leg bent forward toward your stomach.
8. Lift upper buttock to expose the rectal area.
9. Insert the suppository, pointed end first, with your finger
until it passes the muskular sphincter of the rectum, about
½ to 1 inch in infants and 1 inch in adults. If not inserted
pst this sphincter, the suppository may pop out.
10. Hold buttocks together for a few seconds
11. Remain lying down for about 15 minutes to avoid having
the suppository come out.
12. Discard used materials and wash your hands thoroughly.

27. Rectal Suppositories

28. Obat Semprot Hidung
• Hidung dibersihkan dan kepala tetap tegak. Kemudian obat
disemprotkan ke dalam lubang hidung sambil menarik napas
dengan cepat.
• Untuk posisi duduk, kepala ditarik dan ditempatkan diantara
dua paha
• Setelah digunakan, botol alat semprot dicuci dengan air
hangat tetapi jangan sampai air masuk ke dalam botol
kemudian dikeringkan dengan tissue bersih.

29. Obat Semprot Hidung

30. Cream/Salep Rektal
 Bersihkan dan keringkan daerah rektal, kemudian
masukkan salep atau krim secara perlahan ke dalam
rektal.
 Cara lain adalah dengan menggunakan aplikator.
Caranya adalah aplikator dihubungkan dengan wadah
salep/krim yang sudah dibuka, kemudian
 Jangan Ditelan dimasukkan ke dalam rektum dan
sediaan ditekan sehingga salep/krim keluar.
 Buka aplikator dan cuci bersih dengan air hangat dan
sabun.
 Setelah penggunaan, tangan penderita dicuci bersih

31. Cream/Salep Rektal

32. Obat Vagina
• Cuci tangan sebelum menggunakan obat dan gunakan
aplikator sesuai dengan petunjuk penggunaan dari
industri penghasil sediaan.
• Jika penderita hamil, maka sebelum menggunakan obat
sebaiknya berkonsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan
profesional perawatan kesehatan.
• Penderita berbaring dengan kedua kaki direnggangkan
dan dengan menggunakan aplikator obat dimasukkan ke
dalam vagina sejauh mungkin tanpa dipaksakan dan
biarkan selama beberapa waktu.
• Setelah penggunaan, aplikator dan tangan penderita
dicuci bersih dengan sabun dan air hangat.

33. Obat Vagina

34. Dealing With Nausea
1. Eat small meals frequently and slowly.
2. Eat foods that are low in fat
3. Eat dry foods such as toast and crackers,
especially when you get up in the morning.
4. Drink clear, cool beverages such as flavored
gelatin, clear soups, carbonated sodass, frozen
juice bars, or ice cubes made from a favorite
liquid
5. Sip liquids through a straw
6. Wear loose clothing for added comfort

35. 7. Get lots of fresh air; it may increase your
appetite
8. Sit down and rest after eating
9. Don’t :
 Exercise after eating
 Lie down for at least two hours after eating
 Eat your favorite foods when nauseated
10.Ask your doctor about using an antinausea
medication

36. Treating Mouth Discomfort
1. Eat moist foods and drink plenty of liquids. Moisten
dry foods with gravy, broth, sauce, or melted butter or
margarine. Soak foods in coffee, tea, milk, cocoa, or
other warm beverages.
2. Select soft foods such as mashed potatoes, soft
cooked eggs, custard, soups, and cheese.
3. Make stews, soups and casseroles with lots of liquid
4. Eat canned or cooked fruits rather than fresh, raw
fruits if they are easier to swallow.
5. Tone down acidic and salty foods with white and
brown sugar

37. 6. Eat your food lukewarm or cold rather than hot. Since
cold foods may be sooting , add ice or ice cream to liquids.
7. Rinse your mouth often.
8. Use a straw or drink directly from a cup rather than eating
with a spoon.
9. Avoid these foods :
 Hot spices such as pepper, chili powder, nutmeg, and
cloves

38.  Rough or coarse foods such as raw vegetables and bran
 Dry foods (such as toast and hard breads) unless you soak
them first
 Citrus juices and tomatoes (they may sting or burn your
mouth). Substitute fruit drinks and nectar

39. Increasing Your Appetite
1. Eat frequent small meals instead of three large
meals
2. Provide a pleasant atmosphere at mealtimes. Use
colorful place setting and vary colors of the foods at
each meal. Soft music or pleasant conversation also
may be relaxing and may be relaxing and help make
eating more enjoyable.

40. Increasing Your Appetite
3. Garnish meal plates with fresh fruits and vegetables
(parsley, spiced apples, lemon wedges, tomatoes,
etc.)
4. Vary smells and textures of foods at meals
5. Vary food selections
6. Get lots of fresh air; it may increase your appetite

41. Pemberian obat per rektal dan suppositoria
 Dalam bentuk cairan : enema
 Dalam bentuk kapsul : suppositoria

42. Terima Kasih