Car crash evaluating safety factors
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This document discusses factors related to car crash safety. It evaluates active safety factors like ensuring the car is well-maintained, the driver's condition and awareness, and systems that can help avoid or mitigate collisions. It also discusses passive safety factors like seatbelts and airbags. Additionally, it examines the driver's reaction time when braking and factors that can impact reaction time like alcohol, fatigue, experience and environmental conditions. Finally, it briefly touches on rescue and medical response after a crash.
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Chronic stress increases impulsivity through its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and dopamine levels in the brain. Stress leads to increased glucocorticoid release which can cause degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, lowering dopamine activity and increasing impulsivity. Impulsivity is positively associated with excessive food intake and obesity. Low dopamine states linked to chronic stress may impair brain reward pathways and make individuals more susceptible to obesity through increased food impulsivity and intake.
Nicaragua ort project presentation
The document outlines a plan by Dr. Imelda Medina to improve access to oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in Nicaragua to help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goal of reducing child mortality. Currently, Dr. Medina runs a distribution system of ORT packets through local clinics and health promoters, but it only reaches a small portion of the target population of 5,000 children under 5. The plan is to expand this system with more distribution points, provide more frequent education, and obtain more funding to increase the monthly supply of ORT packets from the current 2,000 to the estimated need of 26,666 packets per year. The goal is to establish a sustainable network across Nicaragua to ensure all families
Nicaragua identifying factors that affect childrens health
Children's growth up to age five is influenced more by nutrition, environment and health care than by genetics or ethnicity. The document states that factors like nutrition, environment and health care have a greater influence on children's development in the first five years than genetic or ethnic factors.
Myelomeni..
The pediatrician is called to the delivery room to see an infant born with a defect in the lumbosacral area known as myelomeningocele, which is a neural tube defect and the most severe form of dysraphism involving the vertebral column. Myelomeningocele has an unknown etiology but is thought to be influenced by factors like drugs, radiation, malnutrition, and genetics. Clinically, it presents with a defect in the lumbosacral region along with bowel and bladder incontinence and paralysis of the lower extremities. Treatment involves prenatal vitamins and nutrition, surgical repair of the defect, and treatment for complications like hydrocephalus.
Columbia the clinical impact of doing time
The document summarizes research on the clinical impact of incarceration. It discusses how incarceration can be viewed as a distinct culture that influences attitudes and behaviors. Inmates may adopt adaptations like intimidation, isolation, and deception to survive. Assessment tools like the SACA were developed to measure correctional adaptations. The research found former inmates displayed higher levels of isolation, intimidation and deception. This was associated with more jail time, disciplinary tickets, and worse alliance with treatment providers. The summary highlights how incarceration can continue to impact mental health even after release.
Ser fuerte
El documento describe las diferentes formas en que una persona puede ser fuerte. Ser fuerte significa cosas como amar en silencio, fingir felicidad cuando se está triste, perdonar a alguien que no lo merece, mantener la calma cuando se está desesperado, sonreír cuando se quiere llorar, y tener fe en lo que no se cree. En resumen, ser fuerte se trata de ocultar los verdaderos sentimientos y continuar adelante a pesar de las dificultades.
Assessment of rural economy in a post disaster setting peru
An 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Peru on August 15th, highly affecting areas south of Lima like Chincha, Pisco and Ica. Over 500 people were killed, thousands injured, and nearly 20,000 homes were destroyed. Two weeks later, a team from the University of Miami assessed the damage and needs of the rural community of Casablanca. Through surveys of 52 families, they found issues with access to clean water, healthcare, steady employment, and transportation of goods to market. Potential projects proposed included installing a clean water pump, opening a health post, and setting up collective dairy and milling operations. Micro-lending was also discussed as a way to help the rural poor start small
Columbia Worldwide Mental Health Awareness
This document describes a nine-country pilot study conducted from 2004-2005 to raise awareness of child mental health issues. The study involved administering pre- and post-awareness surveys to students, parents, and teachers in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, China, Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Russia, and Uganda. Manuals were developed to guide the implementation of awareness campaigns based on accurate information about signs and symptoms of child mental health problems. Baseline surveys assessed awareness levels and attitudes as well as prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems. Sites then conducted awareness campaigns followed by post-surveys to evaluate the impact. The goal was to promote recognition of issues while avoiding unrealistic expectations of services.
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Nicaragua identifying factors that affect childrens health
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Car crash evaluating safety factors
- 1. Car Crash Evaluating Safety Factors Imelda Medina, M.D.
- 2. Evaluating Safety Factors I • Active Safety – – – Keeping car fit (steering, brakes, tires etc) Driver’s condition (Alcohol, Drowsiness) Driver’s awareness (Night vision, blind spot, road characteristics) – Alerting the driver (lane change, light signals) – Taking control
- 3. Safety Factors I • Pre-Crash Triggering Systems allow – – – Collision avoidance Collision severity mitigation Occupant and Pedestrian protection
- 4. Driver’s condition Role in Active Safety • Collision Mitigation by Braking – Brake Reaction Time: Is the amount of time that elapses between the recognition of an object or hazard in the roadway and the application of the brakes.
- 5. Collision Mitigation by Braking • Extensive research has shown that 90% of the driving population can react in 2.5 seconds or less and this is the value that is used in design. • The distance traveled during the brake reaction time can be calculated by multiplying the vehicle's initial speed by the brake reaction time (Physics Formula: Distance=Velocity x Time).
- 6. Collision Mitigation by Breaking • Thus, Traveling at 100 miles/hr with a brake reaction time of 2.5 secs gives a distance of 154 mts (1.5 blocks). With a car mass of 3000 kg we can see that: The momentum (mass x velocity)=183,000 kg m/s The force (momentum/time)=183,000 kg m/s / 2.5 secs= 73,000 Newtons Which is the force with which the car traveled during the 2.5 secs before impact equivalent to the reaction time. This is the impact force if rxn time had not occurred. Points of reference: 1 Newton=Roughly equal to the force exerted by the weight of an apple. A cylinder of bone less than an inch in diameter and 2 1/3 inches long can withstand a force of ~25,000 newtons.
- 7. Factors that affect Reaction Time • The cognitive component is impaired by an acute dose of alcohol at blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) that DO NOT affect motor performance (J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 Mar;68(2):276-81). • Driver characteristics such as attitude, level of fatigue, and experience. • Environmental conditions such as the clarity of the atmosphere and the time of day. • The properties of the hazard or object itself, such as size, color and movement.
- 8. Evaluating Safety Factors II • Passive Safety: conventional restraints such as seat belts and air bags. • Importance: – Slower deployment and improved balance – Leads to No deployment related injuries and enhanced occupant protection.
- 9. Evaluating Safety Factors III • Rescue and Heal – Rescue Response-positioning of cervical collar for cervical spine stabilization and protection. Transport care. – Care Response-Timely Corticosteroid treatment etc.
- 10. References • • • • • • • • http://www.unece.org/trans/doc/2005/wp29/ITS-11-05e.pdf http://www.webs1.uidaho.edu/niatt_labmanual/Chapters/geometricdesign/theoryandconcepts/BrakeReactionTime.h http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1511/is_5_21/ai_61692484 http://www.physlink.com/Education/askexperts/ae462.cfm Patterns of severe injury in pediatric car crash victims: Crash Injury Research Engineering Network database Pages 362-367 J. Kristine Brown, Yuezhou Jing, Stewart Wang, Peter F. Ehrlich Hernández OH, Vogel-Sprott M, Ke-Aznar VI. Alcohol impairs the cognitive component of reaction time to an omitted stimulus: a replication and an extension. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 Mar;68(2):276-81. Schweizer TA, Vogel-Sprott M, Danckert J, Roy EA, Skakum A, Broderick CE. Neuropsychological profile of acute alcohol intoxication during ascending and descending blood alcohol concentrations. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006 Jun;31(6):1301-9.