This document discusses the essential macro and micronutrients that dogs require in their diet, including water, protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. It explains the functions and sources of each nutrient, recommended amounts in dog food, and potential deficiencies. The conclusion emphasizes that dog nutrition must contain a balanced mix of usable nutrients and that intolerance signs may require dietary changes.

1. CANINE BASICCANINE BASIC
MACRO&MICROMACRO&MICRO
NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS
Submitted by- SURJEETSubmitted by- SURJEET
Submitted to-Dr.DIVYA AGNIHOTRISubmitted to-Dr.DIVYA AGNIHOTRI

2. ►our pet’s nutritional health depends on
receiving the correct amounts and proportions
of nutrients from the six required groups:
water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals and
vitamins.
INTRODUCTION

3. ►Water is essential in helping regulate body
temperature, lubrication of body tissues and as
a fluid medium for the blood and lymph
systems
►Water intake is controlled by thirst, hunger,
metabolic activity (work, gestation, lactation,
growth), and the environment (humidity and
temperature).
WATER

4. ►A dog's water requirement is determined
in large part by the amount of food they
consume each day.
►A general guideline is that dogs require 1
ml of water for each kcal of energy.
►Loss of water from body cause dehydration
and Leads to renal failure.

5. PROTEIN
► Protein is an essential nutrient and
serves numerous functions in the body.
►it helps in muscle growth, tissue repair,
enzymes, transporting oxygen in the
blood, immune functions, hormones and
as a source of energy.

6. SOURCES OF PROTEIN
►Protein is derived from both animal
and plant sources
►soybean meal and corn complement each
other perfectly, because the amino acids which
are deficient in one are present in the other.

7. PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY
►Two diets may have the same protein level
listed on their packages, but the results of
from digestion studies may indicate very
different levels of protein digestibility.
► For example, a dog food which contains
21% protein with 85% digestibility would
deliver equal amounts of protein as a diet
containing 23% protein with 78% digestibility.

8. ►Protein is an essential nutrient. Dogs and
cats fed diets too low in dietary protein may
develop signs of deficiency.
► These may include a depressed or
decreased appetite, poor growth, weight loss,
rough and dull haircoat, decreased immune
function.
►Protein recommendation in adult dog is 18% in the diet
Excess protein converted into fat

9. ► Carbohydrate sources are sugars, starches
and dietary fiber.
► Simple sugars are the smallest carbohydrate
molecules and are easily digested and
absorbed.
► In manufactured pet foods, most dietary
carbohydrates are grains, such as wheat,
corn and rice.
CARBOHYDRATE SOURCES

10. ► Carbohydrate may make up 40 to 55% of
dry diets in dog food and is found in lesser
amounts in typical cat foods.
► A large portion of the carbohydrate in pet
foods is derived from grains.
► Most dry foods contain 30 to 70% carbohydrates
Excess carbohydrates cause obesity and maldigestion

11. ► Fat is a concentrated form of energy.
► Compared to protein and carbohydrate, fat
contains approximately two and a half times
the amount of energy per gram.
► Fat digestion is more complex than that of
protein or carbohydrate. Still, healthy dogs
and cats digest fat with great efficiency,
approximately 90-95%.
FAT

12. ►In addition to being a source of energy, fat is
needed as a source of essential fatty acids.
► The polyunsaturated essential fatty acids are
important for normal skin and hair coat, normal
immune function, and many other aspects of
health
►Fat recommendation in diet is 9-15%

13. ►Minerals are relatively simple molecules
compared to other nutrients which can be
large and complex
►Minerals perform many different functions
in the body such as bone and cartilage
formation, enzymatic reactions, maintaining
fluid balance.
MINERAL
S

14. ► Calcium and phosphorus are essential
minerals and are necessary for normal bone
development, as well as numerous metabolic
functions
► Calcium in the diet is 0.5 -0.9%
► Phosphorus is 0.4-0.8%
► Abnormal ca:p level cause musculoskeleton disorde

15. ► Magnesium is important as a structural
component of both muscle and bone, and it
plays a key role in many enzymatic reactions
throughout the body.
► Magnesium in the diet is 0.04% on dry matter
bases
► Its def. cause muscle tremor and
weakness
MAGNESIUM

16. POTASSIUM
► Potassium is found in high concentrations
within cells and is required for proper
enzyme, muscle and nerve functions.
► Potassium in diet 0.6%

17. ZINC & MAGNESEZINC & MAGNESE
• ►Zinc is important in the production of proteins
and a functional immune system, as well as for
DNA and cellular turnover.
• ►Mangnese- this element has several essential
functions involving protein and carbohydrate
metabolism and reproduction .
• ►Dog should receive 2.3 mg magnese daily
per pound of feed and def. cause ataxia.

18. ►Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble
(Vitamins A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B-
Vitamins and Vitamin C).
►Fat-soluble vitamins depend on the
presence of dietary fat and normal fat
absorption for their uptake and utilization in
the body.
VITAMINS

19. VIT.A
• ► Vitamin A has a number of functions
necessary for the health and well-being of
animals, including a role in normal vision,
growth, immune system function
(2272IU/lb)

20. VIT.D.VIT.D.
• ► Vit.D. Its primary functions are to help
in the mineralization of bone and to
increase the absorption of calcium and
phosphorus from the intestine (227IU/lb)

21. VIT.E & KVIT.E & K
• ► Lack of Vitamin E in the diet could result in
damage to the wall or membrane of cells
throughout the body,(23IU/lb)
• ► It act as antioxident
• ► The most common forms of Vitamin K in the
diet are called menadione and phylloquinone,
which come from green, leafy plants and
vegetables.
• ► The major function of this vitamin is as a
clotting agent in the blood.its synthesized in the
body.

22. VIT.B & CVIT.B & C
• ► Vit.B complex are critical in the
metabolism of protein, carbohydrate and
fat, which results in energy for body
processes.
• ► Vit.C-it has a primary metabolic role in
the body of all mammals involving the
synthesis or production of collagen.
• ► Its synthesize in liver.

23. conclusion
• ► Nutrients are chemicals ingested by
living organisms that are necessary for
survival.
► Dog nutrition must contain nutrients
in a usable form.
► If you dog, however,shows any
signs of intolerance: an itchy dog, or
bloating and flatulence then you need
to re-consider your dogs' diet.

24. REFERENCE
• Waltham Book of Dog and Cat Nutrition,
edited by A.T.B. Edney and published in
1988
• For more information visit amazon.com

25. THANKSTHANKS