a presentation that helps to educate us about the rising incidence of cancer in our environment. it also tells us about the silent nature of some cancers, which at the point of diagnosis is in the late stages
This ppt gives a basic overview of cancer and difference between cancer and tumor.
It also contains basic screening tests for various types of cancers.
Demonstrate the essential risk factors for developing cancer, and the predisposing factors for cancer.
Demonstrate a map of the prevalence of cancer throughout the world
Demonstrate how can we prevent the occurrence of cancer, by avoiding the predisposing risk factors.
Demonstrate the practical recommendation to avoid cancer
a presentation that helps to educate us about the rising incidence of cancer in our environment. it also tells us about the silent nature of some cancers, which at the point of diagnosis is in the late stages
This ppt gives a basic overview of cancer and difference between cancer and tumor.
It also contains basic screening tests for various types of cancers.
Demonstrate the essential risk factors for developing cancer, and the predisposing factors for cancer.
Demonstrate a map of the prevalence of cancer throughout the world
Demonstrate how can we prevent the occurrence of cancer, by avoiding the predisposing risk factors.
Demonstrate the practical recommendation to avoid cancer
Cancer Awareness - Kaplan University Dept. of Public Healthsmtibor
Cancer awareness, including general definitions, detection, prevention, treatment, and risk factors. Emphasis on skin and prostate cancers and at-risk populations.
Nursing management of patients with oncological conditionsANILKUMAR BR
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Cancer is caused by external factors and internal factors which may act together to initiate or promote carcinogenesis.
External Factors - chemicals, radiation, viruses, and lifestyle.
Internal Factors – hormones, immune condition, and inherited mutations.
Oncology branch of medicine deals with etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer.
Onco - is a Greek word meaning tumor .
Cancer is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body. Cancer is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and
mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new
cases in 2012.
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body.
There are over 200 types of cancer.
Anything that may cause a normal body cell to develop abnormally potentially can cause cancer; general categories of cancer-related or causative agents are as follows: chemical or toxic compound exposures, ionizing radiation, some pathogens, and human genetics.
Cancer symptoms and signs depend on the specific type and grade of cancer; although general signs and symptoms are not very specific the following can be found in patients with different cancers: fatigue, weight loss, pain, skin changes, change in bowel or bladder function, unusual bleeding, persistent cough or voice change, fever, lumps, or tissue masses.
Although there are many tests to screen and presumptively diagnose cancer, the definite diagnosis is made by examination of a biopsy sample of suspected cancer tissue.Cancer staging is often determined by biopsy results and helps determine the cancer type and the extent of cancer spread; staging also helps caregivers determine treatment protocols. In general, in most staging methods, the higher the number assigned (usually between 0 to 4), the more aggressive the cancer type or more widespread is the cancer in the body. Staging methods differ from cancer to cancer and need to be individually discussed with your health care provider.
Treatment protocols vary according to the type and stage of the cancer. Most treatment protocols are designed to fit the individual patient's disease. However, most treatments include at least one of the following and may include all: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
There are many listed home remedies and alternative treatments for cancers but patients are strongly recommended to discuss these before use with their cancer doctors.
Thyroid cancer arises from the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, which produces hormones to help the body’s metabolism, is positioned below Adam’s apple near the base of the neck. Dr. Kanury Rao is a well-known immunologist with extensive knowledge of immunology and its therapeutics.
Cancer Awareness - Kaplan University Dept. of Public Healthsmtibor
Cancer awareness, including general definitions, detection, prevention, treatment, and risk factors. Emphasis on skin and prostate cancers and at-risk populations.
Nursing management of patients with oncological conditionsANILKUMAR BR
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Cancer is caused by external factors and internal factors which may act together to initiate or promote carcinogenesis.
External Factors - chemicals, radiation, viruses, and lifestyle.
Internal Factors – hormones, immune condition, and inherited mutations.
Oncology branch of medicine deals with etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer.
Onco - is a Greek word meaning tumor .
Cancer is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body. Cancer is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and
mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new
cases in 2012.
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body.
There are over 200 types of cancer.
Anything that may cause a normal body cell to develop abnormally potentially can cause cancer; general categories of cancer-related or causative agents are as follows: chemical or toxic compound exposures, ionizing radiation, some pathogens, and human genetics.
Cancer symptoms and signs depend on the specific type and grade of cancer; although general signs and symptoms are not very specific the following can be found in patients with different cancers: fatigue, weight loss, pain, skin changes, change in bowel or bladder function, unusual bleeding, persistent cough or voice change, fever, lumps, or tissue masses.
Although there are many tests to screen and presumptively diagnose cancer, the definite diagnosis is made by examination of a biopsy sample of suspected cancer tissue.Cancer staging is often determined by biopsy results and helps determine the cancer type and the extent of cancer spread; staging also helps caregivers determine treatment protocols. In general, in most staging methods, the higher the number assigned (usually between 0 to 4), the more aggressive the cancer type or more widespread is the cancer in the body. Staging methods differ from cancer to cancer and need to be individually discussed with your health care provider.
Treatment protocols vary according to the type and stage of the cancer. Most treatment protocols are designed to fit the individual patient's disease. However, most treatments include at least one of the following and may include all: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
There are many listed home remedies and alternative treatments for cancers but patients are strongly recommended to discuss these before use with their cancer doctors.
Thyroid cancer arises from the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, which produces hormones to help the body’s metabolism, is positioned below Adam’s apple near the base of the neck. Dr. Kanury Rao is a well-known immunologist with extensive knowledge of immunology and its therapeutics.
this is about the application of nanotechnology in agriculture. that how we can secure the growth of plants and crops and make our crops better. in this ppt the use of nano-particles has discussed to avoid different pests and diseases by ruining the crops.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. • Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have been
cured of the disease.
• Millions of people died due to Cancer every year around the Globe.
• Mostly cancer didn’t show sign and symptoms, that’s why it
is known as Silent Killer.
• It get caught in the later stages, where in most cases it
couldn’t be cure.
• The sooner a cancer is found and the sooner treatment begins, the
better a patient's chances are of a cure. That's why early detection
of cancer is such an important weapon in the fight against cancer.
3.
4. • Cancer is a genetic disease—that is, cancer is caused
by certain changes to genes that control the way our
cells function, especially how they grow and divide.
These changes include mutations in the DNA that
makes up our genes.
• Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene.
• It is thought that several mutations need to occur
to give rise to cancer
• Cells that are old or not functioning properly
normally self destruct and are replaced by new cells.
• However, cancerous cells do not self destruct and
continue to divide rapidly producing millions of new
cancerous cells.
5. • Lifetime risk – the probability that an individual, over the
course of a lifetime, will develop cancer or die from it
• Relative risk – measure of the strength of the relationship
between risk factors and a particular cancer
• Smoking – 30% of all cancer deaths, 87% of lung cancer
deaths
• Obesity – 50% higher risk for breast cancer in women, 40%
higher risk in colon cancer for men.
• Inheritance – 20% chances that an individual inherit cancer
genes, there are more than 50 syndromes related to cancer
which are hereditary.
6. Biological Factor:
• Some cancers such as breast, stomach,
colon, prostate, uterus, ovaries and lung
appear to run in families
• Hodgkin’s disease and certain leukemia's
show similar patterns.
• A rare form of eye cancer appears to be
transmitted genetically from mother to
child.
Social And Psychological Factors:
• Stress has been implicated in increased susceptibility to several types of cancers.
• Sleep disturbances, diet, or a combination of factors may weaken the body’s immune system.
7. Chemicals In Foods:
• Sodium nitrate when ingested forms a potential carcinogen, nitrosamine.
• Pesticide and herbicide residues.
Viral Factors:
• Herpes-related viruses may be involved in the development of leukemia,
Hodgkin’s disease, cervical cancer.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV), virus that causes genital warts, has been
linked to cervical cancer
• Helicobacter pylori causes ulcers which are a major factor in the
development of stomach cancer
8.
9. • In Pakistan various kinds of cancer have claimed over 91,000
lives in 2013
• Increasing trend was witnessed in new cases of fatality
from lung cancer among men and breast cancer among
women across the country between 1990 and 2013.
• Deaths from breast cancer were the highest for women,
more than doubling to 16,200, only in 2013, with increasing
rate every year.
• One in 8th women in Pakistan faces breast cancer during her
life.
• Prostate cancer effects 3.8% people in Pakistan per year.
• Leukemia showed the lowest number of new cases at
4,400 in 2013.
• Mouth cancer showed the lowest number of male
deaths at 3,400 in 2013
• Esophageal cancer in men was one of the lowest at
5,600 in 2013.
10. Are there 3 or more three person suffering
from cancer?
Or do your parents suffering from cancer..?
Do you work in a hazardous environment..?
Are you obese..?
Are you addicted to some kind of non-
healthy stuff like smoking, alcohol.. e.t.c.
11. • Clinical DNA sequencing will be useful in detecting many
genetic mutations at one time. Targeted multiple-gene panels
test for many inherited mutations or somatic mutations at the
same time. These panels can include different genes and be
tailored to individual tumor types. Targeted gene panels limit
the data to be analyzed and include only known genes, which
makes the interpretation more straightforward than in
broader approaches that assess the whole genome (or tumor
genome) or significant parts of it
Go for DNA test for various types of caners. And consult the genetic counselors.