The document provides a broad overview of major events and developments in Canadian history from European contact through the late 20th century. It discusses the colonial period under France and Britain, Canada's role in World Wars I and II, the postwar economic boom and industrial growth, the rise of Quebec nationalism and the Quiet Revolution, ongoing tensions around language and separatism, and Canada's relationship with the United States. Key political figures and developments that shaped Canada over this time period are also referenced.

2. General Canadian History European contact The Vikings, Columbus…. New France 1604-1763 British control 1764-1867 Post-Confederation Canada 1867-1914 Focus Task: Based on the previous discussion, what impact do you feel European colonialization had or has had on Canada? In what way is Canadian history and US history similar? Different?

3. Canada Pre-war Canada participated in WWI, but fell into a massive recession after Especially hit the west Led to the formation of new political parties Women were allowed to vote in 1917 The depression hit Canada hard, but the US involvement pre-war meant millions of dollars Sentiment towards the US was favorable….but not always consistent Chilliwack, Watcha Gonna Do

4. Canada’s Role in WWII Officially entered the war in 1939 Around 45,000 lost their lives and another 55,000 were wounded War issues helped develop the frustration between the French and English speaking inhabitants Liberals ruled during the war Meaning universal health care, pensions and social welfare Paul Anka, Put Your Head on my Shoulders

5. Postwar Economic Boom Canadian economy boomed after the war was over Consumer goods industry improved steadily Standard of living improved “ Baby Boom”—Canada saw a 30% increase in birth rates 50% decline in infant mortality rate due to… Over 1,200,000 immigrants came to Canada during the 1950’s….huge increase 95% from Europe with 1/3 rd from British Isles What did this increase mean??? Bellamy Brothers, Kids of the Baby Boom

6. Industrial Growth Discovery of iron, oil, uranium and other minerals Helped make Canada a leading industrial nation Foreign firms invested in Canada Namely from the US By the 1960’s 75% of oil industry and 50% of mining and manufacturing controlled by foreign investors The U.S. became Canada’s main trading partner Trans-Canadian Highway-1970 St. Lawrence Seaway-1959 So what does this growth mean for the future?? Ronnie Hawkins, Mary Lou

7. Politics and Governmental Changes 1948-McKensie King retires The liberals keep control of the government in 1949 Louis St Laurent-PM The second French-Canadian PM Significance? 1951 established a pension plan $40 a month for 70 plus 1957-took the first step towards universal health care Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Service Act…what did it do? By 1972 plans extended to include….. These programs led to problems due to decline in income. How did the doctors handle it? 1984 Canada Health Act Helped to limit the fees charged by private doctors Ronnie Hawkins, Ruby Baby

8. Focus Task Please listen to the following clip taken from CBC in 1960 and answer the following questions: What does the man cite as one reason for drafting such a document? Based on what you know (or don’t know  ) of American history, why was our BOR drafted? What does the US law professor see as limitations to the CBOR? He discusses the use of promptly, fair and arbitrary, do you agree that the use of those words can be problematic? Why does he feel the both the US and the Canadian are worthless and what makes them useable?

9. The end of St. Laurent Over estimated his power in 1956 over the issue of pipeline building In 1957 the Conservatives used the “pipeline debate” to push out the liberals John Diefenbaker becomes the new Prime Minister in 1957 The conservatives took over the congress He advocated close ties to Britain and distancing from the U.S. The “One Canada” policy was disturbing to many A shift in immigration patterns ensued, Italians not the English became the largest immigrant population The 1960 Canadian Bill of Rights was passed “ Life, Liberty and the personal security” (religion, speech, assembly and the press as well)

10. Diefenbaker Continued His stance on the cold war hurt his domestic agenda He did not want to appear to be a puppet of the U.S., but did not like the commies NORAD and the Avro Dependence on the U.S. ensued which hurt standing with the public He ignored the U.S. during the CMC Tried to assert independence by ignoring a 1959 agreement to instill nuclear warheads in Canada Unemployment hit 11% in 1961 Government did little to end the recession Pearson is elected in 1963 and installs the warheads…would stay until 1984 The Four Lads, No Not Much

11. The Origins of nationalism The Asbestos minors strike of 1948 The Maurice Richard Riot of 1955 The CBC strike of 1958 The dominance of the Roman Catholic Church The media Radio Canada, Le Devoir(newspaper), Cite’ Libre (journal), Maurice Duplessis, conservative leader of the Union Nationale His period in history is known as the “Dark Period” Known for corruption and incestuous ties with the Catholic Church Union Nationale members would exchange whiskey, food and appliances for votes Gilles Vignealt, Mon Pays ( My Country)

12. Union Nationale The political party of Quebec Believed in Nationalism…very conservative Founded in 1935, disbanded in 1989 Supported by most of the clergy of the Roman Catholic church Used strong arm tactics, very anti-communism Against labor unions Actually put an act forward which modeled the Taft-Hartley Act The slogan of the Union Nationale Le ciel est blue, l’enfer est rouge Heaven is blue(Nationale), hell is red(liberals) Parish priests often quoted this Duplessis favored rural areas over industrialization In 1948 he changed the Quebec flag Duplessis died in 1959, his successor died as well

13. Quebec Nationalism The goals prior t to 1960 were to limit the presence of the government in the area 1961- the average Quebec French Canadian earned 40% less than English speaking inhabitants 1960 Jean Lesage (the Quebec Premier) and the Quiet Revolution, or la revolution tranquille Replaced the conservatives and had a profound impact on the future Realized that education was key to the future Needed federal money….but angered many Faudel, Mon Pays

14. Lesage Welcomed federal programs but demanded a larger share of the revenue Angered many FC because of the intrusion Angered other provinces In a short time, Quebec became an urban area, rather than a rural Catholic society Many citizens in Quebec began to identify themselves as Quebecois…meaning?

15. The Origins continued Francophone Quebec workers were living below the poverty line Voting rights became an issue, especially for the Indians Diefenbaker permitted all “Status” Indians the right to vote Quebec was recognized as a “nation within a nation” A new flag was adopted in 1963 to try and connect the French and English Paul Anka, Put Your Head on my Shoulders

16. The Quiet Revolution Essentially this was a period of intense change, through a peaceful nationalist movement in Quebec The Roman Catholic Church controlled health care and education The revolution secularized society Schools remained Catholic or Protestant in character Jean Lesage established a liberal provincial government It ended in 1970 when the October Crisis occurred

17. Violence 1963-formation of the Front de Liberation du Quebec (FLQ) Goal was an independent socialist Quebec Bombings, bank robberies…murder In 1970 James Cross was kidnapped The British trade commissioner In return the FLQ would be permitted to read their manifesto They kidnapped and killed the Quebec Minister of Labor a few days later Trudeau invoked the War Measures act Sent federal troops Many FLQ members fled to Cuba Many Quebecois were convinced violence did not work La Bolduc, Cant really spell the title

18. Curtailing Quebec Nationalism 1968 Pearson retires Pierre E. Trudeau becomes the new PM and stays until 1984 (with a brief interlude in 1979) Official Languages Act gets passed in 1969…impact?? Costs billions Did help stop the rising separatist feelings Rush, Limelight

19. Parti Quebecois(PQ) 1974 a law was passed in Quebec which stated that French would be spoken in the workplace Non-French speaking kids could only go to English schools if they demonstrated competency The law had varied responses PQ gained control of government in 1976 They are a separatist party and advocate secession They want a social welfare state The French Language Act was passed in 1977..what did it do? Immigrants had to educate their children in French Also affected businesses Economy and culture were effected a great deal Loco Locass, Super Mario

20. Rene Levesque Founder of the PQ party in 1966 The Premier in 1980 Put forth a ballot measure to discuss Quebec sovereignty Had mixed results Trudeau (PM) tries to deal with seperatist movement Constitution Act of 1982…what did it do? Levesque did not sign it The Liberals took over Quebec in 1985, only to gain lose control to the Conservatives in 1994 (PQ) The Clarity Act was passed, what did that mean Currently the issue of a separate Quebec has subsided Loverboy, Working for the Weekend

21. Canada and Vietnam Most Canadians favored supporting the U.S. in the war Canada did not contribute troops They did so in Korea, not now 125,000 draft dodgers fled to Canada Pearson suggested in a speech that the U.S. should stop bombing NV LBJ privately threatened him  Gordon Lightfoot, Sundown

22. The Late 20 th Century Trudeau retired in 1984….I don’t blame him Unemployment was at 11% Liberals increased taxes leading to resounding Conservative victory in 1984 Elected Brian Mulroney 1993 he signed the NAFTA Helped to increase exports with the US Alanis Morissette, Thank U

23. 20 th Century Continued Participated in Persian Gulf War but Military became increasingly weak Worried they could not keep up with NATO obligations Kim Cambell took over in 1993 Only female leader in NA country In 1993 PM elections Jean Chretien (Liberal) won and so did the liberals in Parliament The conservatives accused Chretien of talking out of both sides of his mouth…literally(he suffered from Bell’s Palsy) Conservatives came to power in 2006 and increased military spending How much are we talking…?? Nickelback, How you Remind Me

24. Canada and Native Americans By 1982-about 4% claimed NA ancestry Formed the Assembly of First Nations and lobbied for NA rights About ½ of Canada has never been formally ceded to Canada by natives In 1975 Cree and Inui gave their land around James Bay for hunting and fishing rights along with money 1999 Nanuvat (“our land”) was established out of NW territories Inuits make up about 85% of inhabitants Steppenwolf, Magic Carpet Ride