Calcium is essential for bone health but can cause problems if excreted in large amounts via urine. Hypercalciuria occurs when too much calcium is excreted in urine and can lead to the formation of calcium deposits in the kidneys called nephrocalcinosis. Nephrocalcinosis describes the process where calcium salts build up in the renal parenchyma and has potential to cause severe renal tubular acidosis or kidney stones. The document discusses calcium intake, excretion, causes of hypercalciuria, stages of nephrocalcinosis, complications, and the role of the parathyroid gland and phosphate levels in the formation of kidney stones.

1. CALCIUM AND THE
KIDNEY
VISITH DANTANARAYANA
GROUP 201

2. CALCIUM
• GREY ALKALINE EARTH METAL
• 5TH MOST ABUNDANT METAL ON
THE EARTH’S CRUST.

3. CALCIUM

4. FOOD

5. CALCIUM IN THE BODY
THE MOST ABUNDANT MINERAL IN
THE BODY.
 ABOUT 99% OF IT IS IN BONE AND TEETH.
 THE REMAINING 1% IS IN THE BLOOD AND SOFT
TISSUES.

6. NECESSARY DIETARY
INTAKE OF CALCIUM

7. AMOUNTS OF CALCIUM IN
THE URINE
NORMAL ADULT: 100 – 250mg OVER A
PERIOD OF 24hrs.
ON A LOW Ca DIET: 50 – 150mg/24hrs.
Ca FREE DIET: 5 – 40mg/24hrs.

8. HYPERCALCIURIA
LARGE QUANTITIES OF Ca IS
EXCRETED VIA URINE.
MIGHT RESULT IN
NEPHROCALCINOSIS

9. CAUSES
GENETIC (IDIOPATHIC)
VITAMIN D OR CALCIUM EXCESS
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

10. NEPHROCALCINOSIS
KNOWN AFTER Dr.
FULLER ALBRIGHT,
THE
ENDOCRINOLOGIST

11. WHAT IS IT?
 DEPOSITIION OF CALCIUM SALTS IN THE RENAL
PARENCHYMA WHICH IS THE NEPHRON.
COULD CAUSE SEVERE
RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS

12. STAGES
CHEMICAL NEPHROCALCINOSIS
MICROSCOPIC NEPHROCALCINOSIS
MACROSCOPIC NEPHROCALCINOSIS

13. SONOGRAPHIC
REPRESENTATION OF
NEPHROCALCINOSIS

14. KIDNEY STONES
(NEPHROLITHIASIS)

15. MECHANISM
 DUE TO RENAL FAILURE, BLOOD PHOSPHATE
LEVELS RISE.
 THESE PHOSPHATES BIND WITH BLOOD Ca THUS,
PRECIPITATING.

16. COMPLICATIONS

17. HOW?
 BLOOD CALCIUM PRECIPITATES WITH
ANIONS FORMING STONES.
 THE PARATHYROID GLAND SEES THIS AS LOW
BLOOD CALCIUM AND VOILA PTH IS SECRETED.
 IT INITIATES BONE LYSIS.

19. HARDNESS OF WATER

21. THANK YOU