Cal State San Marcos School of Arts .docx

Cal State San Marcos / School of Arts
VSAR 120
Sandra Wascher Fall 2016
Study Guide for Quiz 1 - Fundamentals & Media
All Parts 1-8 (23 pages)
Buy TWO large Examination booklets for pop essay quizzes and
for other written exercises during class.
Essay questions will be worth 3 points each. Other group
exercises will be worth 1-3 points each.
Your essay answer should be a short paragraph consisting of at
least three or more sentences. Answers should be paraphrased
in your own
words, not plagiarized from online sources. If you plagiarize
any author’s words, your answer will be critically penalized.
Part 1 – Art and Art Making
A. Toward of Definition of Art
1. Read an introduction and/or watch the video for an
understanding of the art.
Sources: visualartnotes.com – introduction/perception
Introduction –
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/assets/pdfs/introductio
n_text.pdf

Introduction - video
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/theme/overview/index.
html
Introduction & Definitions of Art
https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4032
2. What could be some functions of art? Functions of artists?
Sources: visualartnotes.com – introduction
Prehistoric Art: Paleolithic Origins
Introduction to Prehistoric Art, 20,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/preh/hd_preh.htm
X-ray Style in Arnhem Land Rock Art – prehistoric art
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/xray/hd_xray.htm
South & So East Asia – functions of art
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/region/1/regio
n/grid/index.html
3. Why should intent and content be important in works of art?
Sources: visualartnotes.com - introduction
Form and Content

3. What role might aesthetics play in the visual world?
Sources: visualartnotes.com – introduction
Aesthetics
https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=369
9
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/assets/pdfs/introductio
n_text.pdf
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/theme/overview/index.
html
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/preh/hd_preh.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/xray/hd_xray.htm
n/grid/index.html
9
2
B. About Artists

Sources: visualartnotes.com - perception
Subjective and Objective Perspectives
0
Perception and Visual Awareness
Artistic Roles
1
1. What might it mean to have visual perception?
2. Can creativity be an innate human trait? Why or why not?
3. List several creative traits?
C. Art within Visual Culture
Sources: dictionary; visualartnotes.com – art hierarchy
Artistic Categories
2
1. Define the following terms fine art, popular culture and
craft.

2. Provide an example as an understanding of the hierarchy
between fine art, popular culture and craft.
3. Describe the use of kitsch in art. Provide an example of an
intentional form and an unintentional form of kitsch.
4. What might the difference be between the terms decorative
arts and applied arts?
Also, distinguish what types of work could be within each
category?
Essay Question 1
Sources: Art Hierarchy from study guide;
visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay images
Explain each term - fine art, popular culture & kitsch as it
relates to art and apply one of these terms to each of the
following works of art.
1a Tim Hawkinson Bear
1b Sandro Botticelli The Birth of Venus
1c José Guadalupe Posada Las bravísimas calaveras
guatemaltecas de Mora y de Morales

0
1
2
3
D. Style Terminology
Sources: visualartnotes.com – artistic appearances
Artistic Styles/Appearances
3
Cultural Styles
1. Define and recognize the different artistic appearances or
categories of art -
a) Realistic / Naturalistic
b) Representational / Stylized
c) Abstraction

d) Nonobjective or Nonrepresentational
e) What appears to be added to create an Expressionistic work
of art?
f) Name several Cultural Styles in the world that you would
recognize.
2. Look at Georgia O’Keeffe, Paul Klee and Cubism for a
better understanding of abstraction and nonrepresentational art.
Sources: Georgia O’Keeffe – Artistic Appearance
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/geok/hd_geok.htm
Paul Klee (1879-1940) – Artistic Appearances
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/klee/hd_klee.htm
Cubism – Artistic Appearances
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm
Essay Question 2
Sources: artistic appearances from study guide;
Specifically, define and distinguish the four different artistic

appearances utilized in each image with the following terms:
Realistic / Naturalistic Representational/ Stylized
Abstraction Nonrepresentational
In general, which artistic appearance(s) might you prefer and
why?
2a El Anatsui Sasa
2b Olowe of Ise Veranda Post: Female Caryatid and Equestrian
Figure
2c Roman culture Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
2d Umberto Boccioni Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
3
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/geok/hd_geok.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/klee/hd_klee.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm
4
Part 2 - Formal Elements or Visual Elements
Visual elements are what we perceive and respond to when we
look at a work of art.
Comprehend, identify and analyze their usage in works of art.
A. Line
Sources: visualartnotes.com - line
Point
9

Definitions & Qualities of Line
0
1. Can you define and draw the following types of line?
a) Contour line b) Concentric line c) Radial line d)
Spiral line
2. Describe three different types of directional line. What
adjectives could be used to describe possible feelings,
energy or visual guidance which each type of directional line
might provide as visual guidance in a work of art?
3. An implied line aims to serve what objective in a work of
art?
4. What three different ways can line be used to model or
create the illusion of 3D form on a 2D surface?
Essay Question 3
Sources: Line from study guide;

Evaluate three different types of line utilized in each work of
art and describe the affect these various lines have
in each work of art.
3a Utagawa Kunisada Shoki the Demon Queller
3b Tlingit culture Chilkat style Blanket
3c David Hockney A Bigger Splash
9
0
5
B. Shape and Volume
Sources: visualartnotes.com – shape & mass
Shapes and Figure/Ground Relationships
1
Mass

2
1. Explain the difference between a two-dimensional (2D) area
and three-dimensional (3D) area.
2. What types of shapes could be used in two-dimensional
works of art? Describe three basic geometric shapes.
3. How might volume or mass be understood in reference to
three-dimensional works of art? Describe three basic
geometric forms based on the three shapes above.
C. Light & Value
Sources: visualartnotes.com – light & value
Value
4
Caravaggio (1571-1610) and his Followers – chiaroscuro
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crvg/hd_crvg.htm
1. What does value refer to in a work of art?
2. How would you describe the effect of Chiaroscuro and who
perfected its capabilities?

3. Describe the difference between an Achromatic color
scheme versus a Monochromatic color scheme?
D. Color
Sources: visualartnotes.com - color
Color: Its Qualities and Combinations
5
1. What did Sir Isaac Newton discover in reference to light?
1
2
4
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crvg/hd_crvg.htm
5

6
2. Name the colors on a RYB and CMY color wheel. Can you
draw a RYB and CMY color wheel below?
RYB CMY
a) Primary colors (3 each)
RYB
CMY
b) Secondary colors (3 each)
RYB
CMY
c) Tertiary colors (6 each)
RYB
CMY
3. What type of effect can be visually achieved by the use of
warm hues or cool hues?
4. Differentiate the color components or combinations of
colors which create these various colors schemes and

identify the use of these colors schemes or color harmonies
in works of art.
a) Complementary b) Analogous c) Triadic
E. Space / Implied Depth
Sources: visualartnotes.com - space
Space and Perspective
3
1. Differentiate how depth can be achieved through these
various types of two-dimensional implied space techniques.
a) Linear Perspective b) Atmospheric Perspective
c) Isometric Perspective d) Foreshortening
2. What does Trompe l’oeil mean and why might it be used in
a work of art?

3
7
F. Texture & Pattern
Sources: visualartnoes.com – texture & pattern
Texture
6
1. What might be the difference between actual or subversive
texture; simulated texture and visual texture?
2. How might pattern be defined? On what types of objects
do you see the use of pattern?
G. Time & Motion
Sources: visualartnotes.com – time & motion
Time and Motion
1
1. What different types of effects can be achieved by using

time and motion in a work of art?
a) Stopped time b) Implied Time & Motion
c) Illusion of Motion d) Kinetic
H. Chance / Improvisation / Spontaneity
Sources: visualartnotes.com - chance
1. How might chance, improvisation or spontaneity add to a
work of art?
Essay Question 4
Source: Visual Elements from study guide;
Impressionism: Art and Modernity – visual elements
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm
Select one painting with people (4a or 4b) and one landscape
painting (4c or 4d) from these Impressionist Paintings
of the late 19th Century and describe each selected image in
terms of its visual elements.
4a Pierre Auguste Renoir Two Young Girls at the Piano
or
4b Edgar Degas The Dance Class

4c Claude Monet The Bodmer Oak, Fontainebleau
or
4d Alfred Sisley Allée of Chestnut Trees
6
1
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm
8
Part 3 - Principles of Composition / Design
Part of perception. It explains our sense of rightness; why
certain designs work better than others. These principles offer
guidelines
for the artist and a better understanding of the work for the
observer. Comprehend, identify and analyze their usage in
works of art.
A. Emphasis
Sources: visualartnotes.com - emphasis
Emphasis
0
1. What could be another term to describe emphasis in a work
of art? What might not be as important when using emphasis?

B. Unity & Variety
Sources: visualartnotes.com – unity & variety
Unity and Variety
1. What does unity achieve? What does variety produce?
C. Balance
Sources: Textbook page 42; visualartnotes.com – balance
Visual Balance
7
1. Distinguish the difference between symmetrical balance
and asymmetrical balance.
D. Rhythm

Sources: visualartnotes.com – rhythm
Rhythm/Repetition
8
1. What does the use of rhythm achieve in a work of art?
0
7
8
9
E. Scale and Proportion
Sources: visualartnotes.com – scale & proportion
Scale & Proportion
9

1. What does scale and proportion refer to in a work of art?
2. What might be the difference between distortion of scale
and hierarchical scaling?
3. How would you describe proportion? Why would proportion
be a useful principle of design in a work of art?
Essay Question 5
Sources: Principles of Design from study guide;
visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay image
Specifically, analyze this image in terms of four principles of
design and describe how and/or where these principles
have been used to create this composition.
5a Tibetan Yama
9

10
Part 4 – Structural Systems in Architecture
Be able to identify these structural systems in an image.
A. Traditional Building Methods
Sources: visualartnotes.com – traditional methods
Architecture – What is Architecture: Introduction
Traditional Methods & Materials
7
Art of the Western World – The Classical Ideal: Greeks and
Romans (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html#
Architecture in China and the Far East
8
1. Describe the building technique of a Load-Bearing
Construction.
2. What creates a Post-and-Lintel Construction? How are
colonnades and a hypostyle construction designed?
3. What might be the most important piece or section of a
Round Arch? Who perfected the round arch?

a) Describe the difference in building configuration for an
arcade, a barrel vault and a groin vault utilizing a round arch.
b) How might a dome be constructed? How did light originally
enter into a dome? What is the importance of a
coffered ceiling?
4. What did the original designers achieve with a Pointed
Arch?
a) What might be the design of a lancet using pointed arches?
How would a ribbed vault be constructed?
5. What seems to be the importance of buttressing or a buttress
system?
a) Compare the difference between a solid buttress and a flying
buttress.
b) Can a buttress system be utilized with round arches and
pointed arches?

7
https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html
8
11
Essay Question 6
Sources: Round Arch from study guide;
Identify the different type(s) of round arch structural system
utilized in each piece of architecture.
6a Andrea Buffalini Cathedral of Dubrovnik
6b Jules Hardouin Marsart
& Charles Le Brun Hall of Mirrors
6c Flavian Dynasty Colosseum
B. Recent Methods and Materials
Sources: visualartnotes.com – modern methods
Architecture & Planning
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/5/med
ium/grid/index.html

1. What role did Cast-Iron Construction have in the
development of architecture?
2. How did the “I-beam” configuration assist in the Steel-
Frame Construction revolutionizing the height of skyscrapers?
What might be meant by a skeleton-and-skin construction in
regards to skyscrapers?
3. What two kinds of designs can be accomplished with
Reinforced Concrete?
4. Which geometric form does a Truss Construction utilize and
why might it be an important form?
5. A Geodesic Dome Construction utilizes what type of
geometric form and what shape is achieved?
6. What type of architecture utilizes a Suspension & Tensile
Construction? (Also known as Steel-Cable Construction)

ium/grid/index.html
12
Part 5 – Two-Dimensional (2D) Media
A. Types of Two-Dimensional Media – Drawing, Printmaking &
Painting
1. Drawing
Sources: visualartnotes.com – drawing
Drawing
ium/grid/index.html
Drawing
6
Period 500 CE – 1000 CE – Illuminated Manuscript
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/period/5/p/gri
d/index.html
Period 1000 CE – 1400 CE – Asian ink drawings & Illustrated
texts
d/index.html
Calligraphy, Illumination & Illustrated Books
ium/grid/index.html
Landscape Paintings in Chinese Art – ink drawings
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/clpg/hd_clpg.htm
Woodblock Prints of the Ukiyo-e Style
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ukiy/hd_ukiy.htm

Japanese Illustrated Handscrolls
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jilh/hd_jilh.htm
Art of the Book in the Middle Ages – drawing
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/book/hd_book.htm
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) – drawing
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/leon/hd_leon.htm
Edgar Degas (1834 -1917) – drawing
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dgsp/hd_dgsp.htm
a. Types of Drawings
1) Dry drawing media - Identify the different material, binder
or vehicle used in these dry drawing mediums.
Can you recognize the difference finished appearances of
these dry drawing mediums in a work of art?
a) Graphite b) Charcoal c) Chalk Pastel d) Oil Pastel or
Wax Crayon
2) Fluid drawing media – Ink
a) From what materials did ink originate? How is it produce
today?
b) Could you recognize the difference in technical application
and/or finished appearance?
1) Pen & Ink 2) Pen & Wash 3) Brush & Ink 4) Brush

& Wash
3. Describe the difference between a linear drawing and a
value drawing?
ium/grid/index.html
6
d/index.html
d/index.html
ium/grid/index.html
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/clpg/hd_clpg.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ukiy/hd_ukiy.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jilh/hd_jilh.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/book/hd_book.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/leon/hd_leon.htm
13
2. Printmaking

Sources: visualartnotes.com – printmaking
Printmaking
ium/grid/index.html
Printmaking
8
The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prnt/hd_prnt.htm
a. Differentiate between a matrix and a print.
b. What advantage does a print have over other types of
traditional mediums, such as drawing or painting?
c. Understand the four different categories of printmaking -
relief, intaglio, lithography and serigraphy.
1) Relief
Sources: visualartnotes.com - relief
Woodcut prints
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_prwo.htm
a) What can be used as a relief matrix? What must be taken
away on the matrix to construct a relief print?
What is another name for a relief print?

2) Intaglio
Sources: visualartnotes.com – intaglio
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) – printmaker
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/durr/hd_durr.htm
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) – printmaker / intaglio
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rembp/hd_rembp.htm
a) Intaglio prints use what type of matrices? Various
processes are done to the matrix which specifies the different
type of intaglio print? From where does the word intaglio
derive from?
1) engraving 2) etching 3) aquatint
3) Lithography
Sources: visualartnotes.com – lithography
Lithograph prints
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_prli.htm
a) What might be used for a Lithographic matrix and what
could be used on the matrix to create this type of print?

ium/grid/index.html
8
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prnt/hd_prnt.htm
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_prwo.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/durr/hd_durr.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rembp/hd_rembp.htm
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_prli.htm
14
4) Serigraphy
Sources: visualartnotes.com – serigraphy
Serigraphy
8
a) Serigraphy or Screenprinting uses what type of matrix and
how might a print be created?
5) What effect does Graphic Design have on visual
perception?
Sources: visualartnotes.com – graphic design
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901) – graphic design

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/laut/hd_laut.htm
3. Painting
Sources: visualartnotes.com – painting
Painting
ium/grid/index.html
Painting
7
a. How might paint be made?
b. Types of Paint - Identify the different binder or vehicle used
in these painting mediums.
1) fresco 2) encaustic 3) tempera 4) oil
5) watercolor 6) acrylic 7) spray paint

c. Describe materials used in creating these Non-Traditional
Painting mediums.
Sources: visualartnotes.com – painting
Collage
9
1) mosaic 2) collage
8
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/laut/hd_laut.htm
ium/grid/index.html
7
9
15
d. Select two time periods or two artists and compare and
contrast style and application of painting.
Sources: visualartnotes.com - painting
European Art from the Renaissance to the 19th Century
1
Impressionism Paintings

4
American Impressionism – painting
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/aimp/hd_aimp.htm
Post-Impressionism Paintings
5
Art of the Western World – The Early Renaissance (video)
https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html#
Art of the Western World – The High Renaissance (video)
Art of the Western World – Realms of Light: The Baroque
(video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html#
Art of the Western World – A Fresh View: Impressionism and
Post-Impressionism (video)
Edgar Degas (1834 -1917) – painting
Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) – painting
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/gogh/hd_gogh.htm
Essay Question 7
Sources: Study guide – two dimensional art;
What is the two-dimensional type of art of each work and which

medium was used to create each piece?
7a Li K’an Bamboo
7b Andy Warhol Nine Marilyns
7c Egyptian culture Journey of the Sun God Re
1
4
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/aimp/hd_aimp.htm
5

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/gogh/hd_gogh.htm
16
Part 6 - Imaging / Technology-based Media
1. History of the Camera and Photography
Sources: visualartnotes.com – Technology-based media
Photography
ium/grid/index.html
The Camera
4
Early Development
0
The Daguerreian Era and Early American Photography on paper
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/adag/hd_adag.htm
Photography’s Impact on Traditional Media
1
Issues of Form and Content
2
Darkroom Processes
3
The Human Element
4
Color Images

5
a. Read about the history of the camera and photography.
How did photography change our perception of reality?
2. Types of Photography – Portraits, Photojournalism,
Photography as an Art Form
What could be important about each type of photography –
portraits, photojournalism and photography as an art form?
a. Portraits
Sources: visualartnotes.com – imaging / technology-based
Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1879) – photography
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/camr/hd_camr.htm
b. Photojournalism / Documentary Photography

Early Documentary Photography
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/edph/hd_edph.htm
Photojournalism
6
American Masters: Dorothea Lange – Photojournalist
photo gallery:
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/dorothea-
lange/photo-gallery-what- dorothea-
lange-saw/3138/#/section-0
video:
lange/about-the-film/3096/
ium/grid/index.html
4
0
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/adag/hd_adag.htm
1
2
3
4
5
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/camr/hd_camr.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/edph/hd_edph.htm

6
lange/photo-gallery-what-%20dorothea-lange-
saw/3138/#/section-0
lange/photo-gallery-what-%20dorothea-lange-
saw/3138/#/section-0
lange/about-the-film/3096/
17
c. Photography as an Art Form
Sources: visualartnotes.com – imaging/ technology-based
Modern Developments
7
Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) and American Photography
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stgp/hd_stgp.htm
Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) and His Circle
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stgl/hd_stgl.htm
Edward J. Steichen (1879-1973): The Photo-Secession Years
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stei/hd_stei.htm
Photography and Surrealism
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phsr/hd_phsr.htm
Photography and Everyday Life in America, 1945-60
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phev/hd_phev.htm
Art and Photography: The 1980s
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ap80/hd_ap80.htm
Art and Photography: 1990-present
The New Documentary Tradition in Photography
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ndoc/hd_ndoc.htm
Photography of Cityscape or Architecture

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_phcity.htm
a) How did Alfred Stieglitz turn photography into an art form?
b) Compare and contrast two styles in Photography and what
made each avant-garde for its time.
3. Film / Cinematography
American Cinema – The Hollywood Style (video)
American Cinema - The Studio System (video)
American Cinema – Film Language (video)
American Cinema – Writing and Thinking about Film (video)
American Masters: Mel Brooks – Filmmaker - Film: Mel
Brooks: Make a Noise
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/mel-
brooks/film-mel-brooks-make-a-noise/2622/
a. How might film or cinematography be defined?

b. Why might Mel Brooks be considered a legend in
filmmaking?
7
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stgp/hd_stgp.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stgl/hd_stgl.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stei/hd_stei.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phsr/hd_phsr.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phev/hd_phev.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ndoc/hd_ndoc.htm
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_phcity.htm

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/mel-
brooks/film-mel-brooks-make-a-noise/2622/
18
4. Animation
Sources: visualartnotes.com – imaging/technology-based
a. How might animation be achieved? How many frames per
seconds does it take to create animation?
5. Video Art and Digital Art
Sources: Video
ium/grid/index.html
Time-based Media: Film, Video and Digital
a. Differentiate between the tool used in creating video art and
digital art?

6. Photomontage
a. What would be the difference between a photomontage and
a collage?
ium/grid/index.html

19
Part 7 – Three-Dimensional (3D) Media
A. Sculpture – Types and Methods
Sources: visualartnotes.com – 3D media - sculpture
Sculpture
ium/grid/index.html
Definitions and Process in Sculpture
9
Types of Sculpture
0
Methods https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4423
Relief Sculpture from Africa and Egypt
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_screaf.htm
African Lost-Wax Casting
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/wax/hd_wax.htm
Sculpture in the Round from South America
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_sitrsa.htm
The Technique of Bronze Statuary in Ancient Greece
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grbr/hd_grbr.htm
1. Sculpture – Types and Methods
a. Free-standing Sculpture versus Relief Sculpture
1) Describe the difference between a free-standing sculpture
and a relief sculpture.
2) What seems to be the difference in a bas relief (low relief)

versus a high relief sculpture?
b. Sculptural Techniques
Be able to identify the different techniques and materials
utilized in subtractive and additive sculpture.
1) Subtractive Sculpture Technique
a) Carving b) Materials which can be carved? c)
Purpose of Contrapposto?
2) Additive Sculpture Techniques – Methods for additive
sculpture, what would be the material for each?
a) Modeling b) What material can be modeled?
c) Casting in a mold (lost-wax process) d) What
materials can be molten?
e) Assemble or Construct f) What are some ways to attach
materials together?
3) Which type of sculpture, additive or subtractive, do you

think would be more difficult and less forgiving for errors?
ium/grid/index.html
9
0
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_screaf.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/wax/hd_wax.htm
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_sitrsa.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grbr/hd_grbr.htm
20
2. Modern Methods and Materials in Sculpture
Sources: visualartnotes.com – 3D Media - sculpture
Modern Variations of 3D Media
2
Installation Art
ium/grid/index.html
Performance
ium/grid/index.html
a. Describe the following types of sculpture:
1) Assemblage 2) Readymade 3) Earthworks 4)

Installation
5) Performance 6) Light 7) Kinetic
3. Sculpture - Time Periods and Artists
Sources: Art of Ancient Egypt
4
Art of the Ancient Near East
3
Art of Ancient Egypt
4
Art of Ancient Greece and Rome
9
Art in the Hellenistic Age and Hellenistic Tradition
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/haht/hd_haht.htm
Art of the Western World – The High Renaissance (video)
Bronze Sculpture in the Renaissance
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/scbz/hd_scbz.htm
European Art from the Renaissance to the 19th Century
1

American Women Sculptors
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/scul/hd_scul.htm
Edgar Degas (1834 –1917) - sculpture
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dgsb/hd_dgsb.htm
Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) – sculpture
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rodn/hd_rodn.htm
Daniel Chester French (1850-1931) – sculpture
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/fren/hd_fren.htm
a. Select two time periods and compare and contrast the style,
subject matter and materials used to create each work.
Essay Question 8
Sources: Study guide – three dimensional art;
Describe the different three-dimensional medium and sculptural
method or technique used to create each piece.
8a Aztec culture Eagle Knight
8b Greek culture Marathon Boy
8c Baga culture Nimba, Goddess of Fertility
8d Alexander Calder Hi!

2
ium/grid/index.html
ium/grid/index.html
4
3
4
9
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/haht/hd_haht.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/scbz/hd_scbz.htm
1
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/scul/hd_scul.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dgsb/hd_dgsb.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rodn/hd_rodn.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/fren/hd_fren.htm
21
Part 8 – Craft: Ceramics, Glass, Wood, Metal & Fiber
Sources: visualartnotes.com – crafts – glass/ceramics; wood,
metal & fiber
Decorative Arts
A New Visual Language Transmitted Across Asia
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan4/hd_khan4.htm

1. Originally, how might an object be considered a craft?
2. Clay / Ceramics
Sources: visualartnotes.com - ceramics
Ceramics
ium/grid/index.html
Greek Art in Archaic Period
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/argk/hd_argk.htm
The Nature of Islamic Art – ceramics
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/orna/hd_orna.htm
The Arts and Crafts Movement in America - ceramics
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acam/hd_acam.htm
a) Name several types of clay, its color and usage.
b) Describe different methods or techniques when working in
with clay.
c) What types of firings are done to clay and what does firing
achieve?
d) What do glazes achieve?
e) List objects created in clay.
3. Glass

Sources: visualartnotes.com - glass
Glass
ium/grid/index.html
Hot-worked Glass from Islamic Lands
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/hotw/hd_hotw.htm
Art Nouveau Style
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/artn/hd_artn.htm
Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tiff/hd_tiff.htm
The Arts and Crafts Movement in America - glass
a) What is the ingredient which produces glass?
b) Describe different methods or techniques when working
with glass.
c) What makes the various colors in glass?
d) List objects created in glass.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan4/hd_khan4.htm
ium/grid/index.html
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/argk/hd_argk.htm

ium/grid/index.html
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/hotw/hd_hotw.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/artn/hd_artn.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tiff/hd_tiff.htm
22
4. Wood / Furniture
Sources: visualartnotes.com - wood
Furniture & Decorative Objects
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/10/me
dium/grid/index.html
Africa – Furniture
n/grid/index.html
The Nature of Islamic Art – wood
The Arts and Crafts Movement in America - furniture
Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/flwt/hd_flwt.htm
Egyptian Revival - furniture
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/erev/hd_erev.htm
French Art Deco - furniture
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/frdc/hd_frdc.htm
American Masters: Charles and Ray Eames
Film: Charles & Ray Eames: The Architect and The Painter
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/charles-ray-
eames-the-architect-and-the-painter/watch-the-full-
documentary-
film/1950/

a) What are some different types of wood and its color?
b) What are some methods or techniques for working with
wood?
c) List objects made from wood.
d) What style of furniture are the Eames known for and how
did they revolutionize furniture design?
5. Metalwork / Jewelry
Sources: visualartnotes.com - metal
Precious Metals from Tell Basta, Egypt
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tlba/hd_tlba.htm
The Nature of Islamic Art – metalwork
Jewelry & Metalwork
ium/grid/index.html
French Art Deco – metalwork / jewelry
a) What are some types of metals? Are some metals softer
than others?
b) What are some different methods or techniques in working

with metal?
c) List objects made from metal.
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/10/me
dium/grid/index.html
n/grid/index.html
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/flwt/hd_flwt.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/erev/hd_erev.htm
documentary-film/1950/
documentary-film/1950/
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tlba/hd_tlba.htm
ium/grid/index.html
23
6. Fiber

Sources: visualartnotes.com - fiber
Textiles & Fiber Arts
ium/grid/index.html
The Nature of Islamic Art – fiber/ rugs
Oceania – Fiber Arts
n/grid/index.html
The Magic of Signs and Patterns in North African Art
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nasp/hd_nasp.htm
American Quilts and Coverlets
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/amqc/hd_amqc.htm
French Art Deco-textiles
a) Where do fibers come from which are made into textiles,
clothing apparel and accessories?
1) Plant-based 2) Animal-based 3) Synthetic-based
b) From where and what style of pattern(s) are intriguing in its
design?
7. Design Periods
Sources: visualartnotes.com - crafts
Europe – Decorative & Applied Arts
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/region/10/regi
on/grid/index.html
Period 1000 CE – 1400 CE – Ceramics, Fiber Arts, Woodwork
& Metalwork

d/index.html
Period 1800 CE – 1900 CE – Crafts
d/index.html
Period 1900 CE – 2010 CE – Crafts
d/index.html
The Bauhaus, 1919-1933
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bauh/hd_bauh.htm
Design: 1900-25
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsgn1/hd_dsgn1.htm
Design: 1925-50
Design: 1950-75
Design: 1975-present
1. Select three time periods in design and compare and
contrast style, materials used in selected work.
Take Quiz 1, Parts 1-8 on Cougar Courses
1. Fundamentals 2. Visual Elements 3. Principles of Design
4. Architecture Structural Systems
5. Two-Dimensional Media (2D) 6. Imaging / Technology-
based Media
7. Three-Dimensional Media (3D) 8. Craft

Opens TUESDAY, 10/4 @ 3:45pm and Closes FRIDAY, 10/7
@ 11:59pm
Time limit: 45 minutes
ium/grid/index.html
n/grid/index.html
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nasp/hd_nasp.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/amqc/hd_amqc.htm
http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/region/10/regi
on/grid/index.html
d/index.html
d/index.html
d/index.html
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bauh/hd_bauh.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsgn4/hd_dsgn4.htmEssay
Question 1Part 2 - Formal Elements or Visual ElementsVisual
elements are what we perceive and respond to when we look at a
work of art.Comprehend, identify and analyze their usage in
works of art.Part 3 - Principles of Composition / DesignPart of
perception. It explains our sense of rightness; why certain
designs work better than others. These principles offer
guidelinesfor the artist and a better understanding of the work
for the observer. Comprehend, identify and analyze their usage
in works of art.Part 4 – Structural Systems in ArchitecturePart 5

– Two-Dimensional (2D) Media
Personal Leadership Development Plan
Throughout this course you will reflect on the various aspects
of your own leadership style. During this process, you will
naturally uncover your strengths, areas of development, and
topics you would like to explore further.
Your Personal Leadership Development Plan will be the one
document in which you record your thoughts and ideas. In each
unit, you will have an opportunity to record information you
have learned.
Complete each section of this document as you progress through
the course. None of the sections are meant to stand alone, so
with each entry, review and reflect on your previous writing.
Submit the entire document each unit as required, and make
changes as required by your instructor.
You are encouraged to transfer work from other assignments to
your plan. However, your Personal Leadership Development
Plan Project should contain 1,500-2,000 words that are new
contribution. The use of APA format for in-text citations and a
reference listing in all assignments is required if you use quotes
or paraphrases of content from your textbook or other source.
Section I: Who Am I?
Unit I: Self As Instrument: The Power of Awareness
During Unit I of this course, you have had an opportunity to
reflect on your leadership journey so far. Please note any
important discoveries about yourself you would like to
remember later in the course as your create your plan. Once you
complete this exercise, submit this document for grading.
Unit II: Potential Pitfalls: What Can We Learn from Leaders
Before Us?
During Unit II of this course, you have considered what pitfalls

you personally are most susceptible to. Please include any notes
about potential pitfalls here if you believe they may help you as
you complete your Personal Leadership Development Plan.
Once you complete this exercise, submit this document for
grading.
Unit III: Self-Awareness: Knowing What You do Not Know
During Unit III, you have had the opportunity to consider your
core values. Record them here for your reference when you
write your Personal Leadership Development Plan. Once you
Section II: What Moves Me?
Unit IV: The Roots of Motivation
Complete Exercise 6.1: Your Extrinsic Motivations and
Exercise 6.2 Your Intrinsic Motivations in The Discover Your
True North Fieldbook: A Personal Guide to Becoming an
Authentic Leader, and record your responses here. Once you
Table 6.1: Your Extrinsic Motivations
Table 6.2: Your Intrinsic Motivations
Unit V: Finding and Refining Your Sense of Purpose
Complete Exercise 10.3: Living Your Purpose in The
Discovering Your True North Fieldbook: A Personal Guide to
Becoming an Authentic Leader, and record your responses
below. Once you complete this exercise, submit this document
for grading.
When in the past have you been operating from your leadership
purpose?
Where in your life today are you operating from your leadership
purpose?

List some examples of situations in the future that would enable
you to fulfill the purpose of your leadership.
1.
2.
3.
What are you going to change today so that tomorrow you are
better aligned with your purpose?
Section III: What is Next?
Unit VI: Empowering Others
Complete Exercise 11.5: Sharing Your Story in The Discovering
Your True North Fieldbook: A Personal Guide to Becoming an
Authentic Leader, and record your responses here. Once you
complete this exercise, write a summary of your leadership
story here. Once you complete this exercise, submit this
document for grading.
Unit VII: Leadership Style Inventory
Complete Exercise 11.13: Leadership Style Inventory in The
Discover Your True North Fieldbook: A Personal Guide to
Becoming an Authentic Leader, and record your responses here.
grading.
*Use Discover Your True North: Expanded and Updated Edition
as a reference as needed.
Unit VIII: Reflecting on Your Personal Leadership
Development
Review the content you have contributed throughout this course,
and determine three measurable next steps for your personal
leadership development. For each step, answer the following
questions:
1. What will I do by when?

2. Does this support my values and purpose?
3. Who will support me through this development process?
grading.
Step #1
Step #2
Step #3

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