Insights in CAD/CAM Dentistry Workflow of traditional methods of crowns and bridges fabrication to CAD/CAM. Vhf milling machines. types of Dental Scanners

1. Presented by:
Dr. Babandeep Bajwa
Product Specialist –
CAD/CAM

2. WHAT IS CROWN AND BRIDGE?

3. TRADITIONAL METHODS OF FABRICATING
CROWN AND BRIDGE
Wax-up Casting Layering
Final crown

4. WHY CAD/CAM ?
Precision
Zirconia cannot be cast
Digital designing
Less human error

5. WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN
CAD/CAM?
1. SCANNING

6. 2. DESIGNING (CAD)

7. 3. MILLING (CAM)

8. 4. SINTERING

9. 5. FINISHING THE CROWN

10. SCANNER TYPES
TACTILE
LASER
OPTICAL

11. LASER SCANNER
 Laser scanners work by projecting a
laser line onto the dental model and
scanning that line across the model.
 Cameras in the scanner capture the
position of the laser line at various
points on the model, and the scanning
software calculates the 3D position of
those points

12. OPTICAL SCANNER
Uses a projector similar to the type used to
project a presentation from a computer onto
a screen.
This projector emits a series of stripes onto
the model while cameras read how the
stripes are deformed over the object.
This information is used by the scanning
software to calculate the 3D position of the
points
White light vs Blue light scanners.

13. HAND HELD SCANNERS
Mainly for intraoral or chairside
use.
e.g. 3Shape Trios

14. DESIGNING (CAD)
ISUS
CEREC
DELCAM
RENISHAW
WORK NC DENTAL
EXOCAD
3-SHAPE DENTAL

15. FEATURES OF DESIGNING
SOFTWAREOpen system – in and out STL files
Automation
Library
Modules

16. MILLING MACHINES
4 AXIS VS 5 AXIS
WET VS DRY
SINGLE BLOCK VS MULTIPLE

17. 4 AXIS V/S 5 AXIS
 4 axes, 3 linear axes and 1 rotary
axis (360°)
 5 axes: 3 linear axes and 2 rotary
axes (360° and ± 35°)
 5 axis millings are more controlled,
smooth and accurate, but
expensive and time consuming

19. WET V/S DRY
Some materials which are soft and
not liable to cracking/chipping ca be
milled by dry milling
Those that are liable to crack
because of heat generation or
generate too much heat, need wet
milling

20. DRY MILLING
Zirconia
Wax
PMMA
Composites
Co-Cr
WET MILLING
 Lithium
Disilicate
 Titanium
 Co-Cr,
Composites,
PMMA

21. SINGLE BLOCK V/S
MULTIPLE •You fit the changing station
with blanks via a smaller
additional front cover.
•The proper blank for your
milling job is inserted into the
fixing device automatically
when required.
•So the machine can mill
around the clock and no
operation steps have to be
performed

23. N4
4 AXIS
3 BLOCKS
8 TOOL
WET
COMPOSITES
LITHIUM DISILICATE

24. K4
 4 AXIS
 1 BLANCK
 6 TOOLS
 DRY
 ZrO2, PMMA,
 COMPOSITE, CO-CR, WAX

25. K5
5 AXIS
1 BLANCK
16 TOOLS
DRY
ZrO2, PMMA,
COMPOSITE, CO-CR,
 WAX

26. S1
5 AXIS
1 BLANCK
16 TOOLS
WET
ZrO2, PMMA,
COMPOSITE, CO-CR,
WAX, LiSi2

27. S2
 5 AXIS
 8 BLANCK
 16 TOOLS
 WET
 ZrO2, PMMA,
 COMPOSITE, CO-CR,
 WAX, LiSi2

28. SINTERING
REQUIRED ONLY FOR ZIRCONIA
CHOICE OF FURNACE DEPENDS
UPON
Heating element – no. and type
No. of programs
Heating chamber size

29. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS MATERIALS USED
IN CAD/CAM?
 Zirconia
 Wax
 PMMA
 Composite
 Lithium disilicate
 Co-Cr
 Titanium

30. ZIRCONIA
OPEN SYSTEM BLANKS
CLOSED SYSTEM BLANKS
BLOCKS

31. OPEN SYSTEM ZIRCONIA
BLANKS 98 MM DIAMETER
 CAN BE USED INTERCHABLY
 AVAILABLE IN VARIOUS THICKNESS –
10 TO 25 mm

32. CLOSED SYSTEM
ZIRCONIA BLANKS
System of a particular brand
Both machines and materials
are supplied by the company
Nowadays compatible options
available

33. ZIRCONIA BLOCKS
Compatible with Sirona milling
machines

34. LITHIUM DISILICATE
A/K/A GLASS CERAMICS OR E-MAX
Available in 3 forms
Ingots
Blocks
blanks

35. LITHIUM DISILICATE
INGOTS Initially supplied only by
Ivoclar, but now other
companies like Hass and Zubler
also manufacturing it
 Used in pressing technique

36. LITHIUM DI SILICATE
BLOCKS
Initially supplied only by sirona
for cerec system
Mainly used in chair-side
CAD/CAM systems

37. LITHIUM DI SILICATE
BLANKSRecent development
Available by HASS
Huge market potential

39. MILLING TOOLS
 Different shapes
 Different diameters
 Coated vs uncoated

40. RADIUS CUTTERS
 Semi-circular rounded tip.
 Available with cutting edge
diameters of 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm
and 2.0 mm.
 The tools for plastics and wax
are uncoated,
 For zirconium oxide they are
uncoated and coated,
 For composites and CoCr are
always coated

41. CYLINDRICAL DOUBLE TOOTH
CUTTERS flat face grinding and a cutting
edge diameter of 1.2 mm.
 It is used when 90° angles
have to be milled, e. g. in
drillings and abutments.
 For machining PMMA, Zr, Co-
Cr, Composites
 Gives smoother surface than
radius cutters

42. CYLINDRIC SINGLE TOOTH CUTTER
 The cutting edge of this
cutter with flat face grinding
 Milled edges are very
smooth even at high speed
rates
 Risk of clogging is very low –
even for plastics which tend
to smear.
 This tool is available with a
cutting edge diameter of 2.5
mm;
 It is exclusively used for
roughing PMMA and wax.

43. GRINDING TOOLS
For machining glass ceramics and
composites,
torus and radius grinding tools
with a diamond grit of smooth
and coarse type
0.6, 1.0 and 2.6 mm