3D Printed Terrain Models and Maps -- Current State of Technology and Challengesnacis_slides
NACIS 2016 Presentation
Michael Higgins, Summit Terragraphics Inc.
3D-printing technology offers exciting possibilities for cartographers to create accurate full-color terrain models of their work. For areas with mountainous or complicated terrain features, producing a physical map with the precise 3D terrain shape makes for a valuable interpretation tool. 3D-printing allows a quick and accurate process for creating these terrain/map models, but it also has challenges and limitations. Since 2008 Summit Terragraphics has been using 3d-printed terrain models as molds for the thermoformed raised-relief map production process. And recently, Summit has offered full color, 3d-printed models for display in museums, visitor centers, and other applications. This presentation will look closely at the design, data requirements, data processing, and construction of a 3d-printed terrain model of the island of Kauai. Print resolution and vertical scaling issues will be addressed. Summit will bring a sample of this finished model to the presentation for show-and-tell.
2013 Vendor Track, LiDAR Processing and Terrain Analysis in Global Mapper by ...GIS in the Rockies
Adding the third dimension to a mapping project can take the power of desktop GIS analysis to the next level. In recent years, high-resolution elevation data has become increasingly available, resulting in more precise analytical tools. Much of this trend can be attributed to the expanded availability of LiDAR data and the development of inexpensive software tools that can process and utilize this data. In this presentation we will consider one such application, Blue Marble Geographics’ Global Mapper software, which can work with over 200 spatial file formats, including LiDAR (.las and .laz), and offers an array of tools for generating terrain surfaces, 3D modeling, and terrain analysis. In this presentation, we will explore LiDAR processing functionality of Global Mapper including point cloud visualization, data quality control and reclassification, volumetric calculation, contour generation, linear profiling, watershed delineation, view shed modeling, as well as terrain flattening and cut & fill volume calculation for site planning.
Creating, Managing and Sharing 3D Cities with FMESafe Software
Decades after GIS went 3D for the first time, currently there is an enormous hype on creating and managing smart 3D Virtual Cities. Driven by the ongoing integration of BIM, CAD and GIS data, data transformation capabilities are more important than ever before. This presentation will examine basic concepts on 3D Data modelling and data standards like CityGML, Esri’s 3D City Information Model and IFC (Industry Foundation Classes). Examples illustrate how LiDAR data sets can be used to generate terrain models and 3D Data Models in combination with 2D GIS and CAD data. In addition, strategies for sharing and publishing 3D content will be demonstrated. Attendees will get an understanding of how 3D data integration tasks can be solved with FME.
MapInfo Professional 12.5 and Discover3D 2014 - A brief overviewPrakher Hajela Saxena
MapInfo Professional and Discover3D is a complete suite of software specifically designed for geoscientists, environmentalists, and geochemists.
The software is being used in various industries today like, environment, mining, exploration, hydrology, etc.
In this presentation I'll show how you can take data from the 3D world of MapInfo Pro and show it in the 3D environment of MapInfo Discover 3D.
I'll show this using polygons as well as point data
We can accelerates design and drawings with cad modelling, which saves time and development costs, and mainly boost productivity with 3d Solid Modeling capabilities using 3d Design software or 3d drawing preparation.
3D Printed Terrain Models and Maps -- Current State of Technology and Challengesnacis_slides
NACIS 2016 Presentation
Michael Higgins, Summit Terragraphics Inc.
3D-printing technology offers exciting possibilities for cartographers to create accurate full-color terrain models of their work. For areas with mountainous or complicated terrain features, producing a physical map with the precise 3D terrain shape makes for a valuable interpretation tool. 3D-printing allows a quick and accurate process for creating these terrain/map models, but it also has challenges and limitations. Since 2008 Summit Terragraphics has been using 3d-printed terrain models as molds for the thermoformed raised-relief map production process. And recently, Summit has offered full color, 3d-printed models for display in museums, visitor centers, and other applications. This presentation will look closely at the design, data requirements, data processing, and construction of a 3d-printed terrain model of the island of Kauai. Print resolution and vertical scaling issues will be addressed. Summit will bring a sample of this finished model to the presentation for show-and-tell.
2013 Vendor Track, LiDAR Processing and Terrain Analysis in Global Mapper by ...GIS in the Rockies
Adding the third dimension to a mapping project can take the power of desktop GIS analysis to the next level. In recent years, high-resolution elevation data has become increasingly available, resulting in more precise analytical tools. Much of this trend can be attributed to the expanded availability of LiDAR data and the development of inexpensive software tools that can process and utilize this data. In this presentation we will consider one such application, Blue Marble Geographics’ Global Mapper software, which can work with over 200 spatial file formats, including LiDAR (.las and .laz), and offers an array of tools for generating terrain surfaces, 3D modeling, and terrain analysis. In this presentation, we will explore LiDAR processing functionality of Global Mapper including point cloud visualization, data quality control and reclassification, volumetric calculation, contour generation, linear profiling, watershed delineation, view shed modeling, as well as terrain flattening and cut & fill volume calculation for site planning.
Creating, Managing and Sharing 3D Cities with FMESafe Software
Decades after GIS went 3D for the first time, currently there is an enormous hype on creating and managing smart 3D Virtual Cities. Driven by the ongoing integration of BIM, CAD and GIS data, data transformation capabilities are more important than ever before. This presentation will examine basic concepts on 3D Data modelling and data standards like CityGML, Esri’s 3D City Information Model and IFC (Industry Foundation Classes). Examples illustrate how LiDAR data sets can be used to generate terrain models and 3D Data Models in combination with 2D GIS and CAD data. In addition, strategies for sharing and publishing 3D content will be demonstrated. Attendees will get an understanding of how 3D data integration tasks can be solved with FME.
MapInfo Professional 12.5 and Discover3D 2014 - A brief overviewPrakher Hajela Saxena
MapInfo Professional and Discover3D is a complete suite of software specifically designed for geoscientists, environmentalists, and geochemists.
The software is being used in various industries today like, environment, mining, exploration, hydrology, etc.
In this presentation I'll show how you can take data from the 3D world of MapInfo Pro and show it in the 3D environment of MapInfo Discover 3D.
I'll show this using polygons as well as point data
We can accelerates design and drawings with cad modelling, which saves time and development costs, and mainly boost productivity with 3d Solid Modeling capabilities using 3d Design software or 3d drawing preparation.
Application of 3 d printing in construction management (1) (1)adarshkaushik6
This ppt is completely about 3d printing and its application in construction. This ppt is done by students of Thiagarajar college of engineering Madurai.
3D Printing Devices From Principles to ApplicationDaniel Thomas
3D Printing is NOW a rapidly evolving technology consisting of many different methods for fabricating a new generation of advanced components and structures.
The most important aspect of this technology is that 3D Printing becomes a sustainable, scalable and viable future manufacturing method.
Research focuses on making complex components from a range of innovative and functional materials. These are being used to make new machines and functioning devices.
This lecture will consider the different 3D Printing technologies being developed.
3D Printing Technology PPT by ajaysingh_02AjaySingh1901
This PPT make on 3D printing Technology or additive manufacturing in which we cover the need, history importants, future scope, trend before the 3DP, advantage and disadvantage, limitations, application of 3DP
3D printing, also known as additive printing technology, allows manufacturers to develop objects using a digital file and variety of printing materials.
Application of 3 d printing in construction management (1) (1)adarshkaushik6
This ppt is completely about 3d printing and its application in construction. This ppt is done by students of Thiagarajar college of engineering Madurai.
3D Printing Devices From Principles to ApplicationDaniel Thomas
3D Printing is NOW a rapidly evolving technology consisting of many different methods for fabricating a new generation of advanced components and structures.
The most important aspect of this technology is that 3D Printing becomes a sustainable, scalable and viable future manufacturing method.
Research focuses on making complex components from a range of innovative and functional materials. These are being used to make new machines and functioning devices.
This lecture will consider the different 3D Printing technologies being developed.
3D Printing Technology PPT by ajaysingh_02AjaySingh1901
This PPT make on 3D printing Technology or additive manufacturing in which we cover the need, history importants, future scope, trend before the 3DP, advantage and disadvantage, limitations, application of 3DP
3D printing, also known as additive printing technology, allows manufacturers to develop objects using a digital file and variety of printing materials.
Mayo Clinic Course: Collaborative 3D Printing in Medical PracticeJohn T. Lee
Collaborative 3D Printing in Medical Practice is a post-graduate course designed to update and introduce radiologists, surgeons, dentists, biomedical engineers, and other health professionals and administrators on uses of 3D printing of anatomic models. Creating accurate models of the anatomy contributes to improved postoperative results and increases surgical confidence in complex cases. Segmenting and printing techniques and practical application in medical care, research, and education will be reviewed. Surgeons and clinicians from various disciplines will share their Mayo Clinic experience detailing the benefit of the models to their medical and surgical practice.
SME Additive Manufacturing Certificate & LetterJohn T. Lee
SME (formerly known as the Society of Manufacturing Engineers) Additive Manufacturing Certificate plus letter.
Passed exam on first attempt at the RAPID event in Pittsburgh in 2013.
2016 Verification of Trail Maintenance Volunteer Monthly CommitmentJohn T. Lee
Document to verify the days in 2016 and first half of 2017 that I performed trail maintenance work through MORE (The Mid-Atlantic Off-Road Enthusiasts), Inc. is a 501c (3) nonprofit organization representing thousands of area mountain bikers.
ProJet x60 Color-Jet Printer Best Practices (AMUG 2016)John T. Lee
My AMUG 2016 slide references for Color-Jet Printer (ZPrinter) users or those looking to start using CJP. Includes tips & tricks, DIY machine maintenance, materials vendor options, cost saving techniques and how to package fragile models for shipping.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with Parameters
Fabricating Raised Relief Terrains from Global Mapper GIS
1. Blue Marble Users Group 2015
Combined Presentations from John Lee
(ABC Imaging) and Michael Higgins
(Summit Terragraphics, Inc.)
2. 3-D Printing Color Raised-Relief
Terrains from Global Mapper
By John Lee
BMUC October 2015
3. 3D Services at ABC Imaging
3D print management
ABC3D
Pickup or delivery from local
ABC 3D print center Laser cutting & CNC
routing complimenting
3D printing
3D scanning of buildings &
structures to document
existing conditions
ABC3DSERVICES
CAD/BIM data repair
and conversion
4. ABC 3D Service Hubs
Seattle
Irvine
Bay Area
(Concord)
New York
City
Washington
DC
Chicago
(opening soon)
US Shops
International: Shanghai, London3D,
Frankfurt, Dubai3D
3D Print
Hub
5. Dimensions FDM on ABS
CJP – Color Jet Printing
ABC Imaging 3D printing options
High Resolution
w/ diverse polymer resins
6. • Some people have trouble visualizing in 3D from renderings.
• Tactile maps foster interaction.
• Easy mark-up and viewing from all angles.
• Can be an artistic installation in the office, a lobby or home.
7. Additive manufacturing is defined as the process of joining materials to make
objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive
manufacturing methodologies. (ASTM F2792)
Conventional manufacturing techniques are mostly subtractive.
You start with a block or panel of material and cut, route, etch and grind away
material to make your object. Or sheets of material are deformed around a
mold.
8. MIT Professor Neil Gershenfeld: “Additive fabrication technologies are to
subtractive technologies as potters are to sculptors.”
Among the advantages in many industrial niches and design practices:
Complex geometry with internal cavities impossible to fabricate by any other
method.
Setup/Tooling cost and time needed for a new unique design is much less.
Generally less material waste.
Manufacture parts on demand, as needed. No need for keeping inventory
and shipping. Local manufacturing.
9. Not for mass production; it’s for mass customization.
The flip side of the quick setup and low tooling cost is that if you want to
mass produce a design, the 1,000th copy costs essentially the same as the
1st copy in terms of materials and machine time. No economies of scale.
Poor substitute for traditional manufacturing in some cases. Earliest 3D
Printers were used for rapid prototyping mostly.
While there’s great freedom of geometry, there is a limit to the shapes that
the various 3D printing processes can make.
High material costs can make larger parts prohibitively expensive. “Razor
and Blades” business model pervades the industry. With few exceptions you
must buy proprietary materials from the machine manufacturer.
10. The more capable the machine, the higher the learning curve.
File preparation is especially intensive for detailed architectural scale models.
Every type of AM process has a post-processing step. Mostly this involves removing
support material (scaffolding) and may involve applying infiltrate hardeners. Can be
labor intensive for large and detailed model parts. Often requires additional
equipment like lab ovens, ultraviolet light ovens, water pick stations and bathing units
11. The more capable the machine, the higher the learning curve.
File preparation is especially intensive for detailed architectural scale models.
Every type of AM process has a post-processing step. Mostly this involves removing
support material (scaffolding) and may involve applying infiltrate hardeners. Can be
labor intensive for large and detailed model parts. Often requires additional
equipment like lab ovens, ultraviolet light ovens, water pick stations and bathing units
12. Per ASTM International Committee F42:
Seven AM Process Categories
i. Binder Jetting* (multi color capable)
ii. Directed Energy Deposition
iii. Material Extrusion
iv. Material Jetting
v. Powder Bed Fusion
vi. Sheet Lamination* (multi color capable)
vii. Vat Photopolymerization
And within some of the categories,
there are three classes of machine models.
o Production
o Professional
o Personal
13. $100k to $1 million
Installation area may need HVAC and electrical outfitting.
Chamber sizes up to around 3 feet x 3 feet x 2 feet. Operator training required.
Used mainly by large engineering firms and service bureaus located in industrial areas of
mid-sized cities.
14. $20k to $80k
Designed to be office friendly, to varying degrees.
Chamber sizes typically not more than 14 inches in any dimension.
Service contracts are offered. Proprietary robust driver software.
Used mainly by design professionals, universities and service bureaus located
in large cities.
15. $1k to $3k
For hobbyists and tinkerers. Mainly the material extrusion process. Only
simple massing models are possible. Some simple end-use mechanical
parts can be made.
No onsite machine service is available. Driver software is open source in
many cases. Not as reliable as pro-level or production level machines.
16. • an additive manufacturing process in which a liquid bonding agent is
selectively deposited to join powder materials
• Color-Jet Printing (Zprinting) is one of the two multi color/texture map
capable processes. Production and Pro level machines only.
• Some processes use powdered stainless steel and plastic powder
• Good speed – and entire layer is solidified in several gantry passes can
nesting multiple models both horizontal and vertical
• Can even nest parts inside of larger hollow parts
• Raw parts are porous. Intricate geometry is possible.
17. ExOne metal process can be used for custom architectural fixtures like door handles,
murals and fixtures.
18. Advantages of Color-Jet Printing
• Fastest 3D printer build time on the market
• Lowest cost material and operating costs
• Detailed models convey your design effectively
• Model parts can be infiltrated with different resins
depending on the application
• Potential to print in multi color including textures
• Can create several iterations of the same design
quickly nested in the same build cycle
32. • an additive manufacturing process in which sheets of material are bonded to
form an object
• MCOR process uses common office paper and is multi color capable.
Capable of simple massing models only.
• Some other industrial machines weld very thin metal sheets with ultrasonic
vibration.
36. File formats from Global Mapper for color 3DP
VRML (.wrl) Export web format menu
Or
PLY (polygon file) Export 3D format menu.
Before you send the file:
See scale, vertical exaggeration and other design
considerations in the Summit Terragraphics presentation.
38. “Flat” methods of presenting terrain can be very effective – as
shown in the samples below. But at times using a 3D model
greatly eases interpretation of complex terrain, particularly for
the untrained eye.
Contour Lines
Shaded Relief
Elevation Color-Ramp
Combined Topo – Shaded
Relief
39. The original National Park
Service 2D flat map of Glacier
Bay National Park is shown at
right. Summit very effectively
converted this map to a raised-
relief format shown below.
Notice on the raised-relief map
how easy it is to quickly
understand and interpret the
complex and rugged terrain.
40. Sampling of products:
At left, the National Park
Service Denali map, converted
to 3D raised-relief map format.
At right, a raised-relief map of
a private property in North
Carolina.
41. Sampling of products:
At right, a raised-relief map of
Kabul, Afghanistan and
surrounding area, produced for
the US Army.
At right, a large raised-
relief map of the Arctic
Circle, modeling the
ocean bathymetry as
well as the land
topography.
42. Summit is a leading designer and manufacturer of thermoformed
raised-relief maps and Solid Earth Models for National Parks and
recreation areas, government/military, corporations, and
individuals.
Up to 50” x 35” 3D area.
Up to 3” – 4” of relief.
Key Technology -- 3D printed thermoform terrain molds –
extreme resolution and accuracy with economical cost.
Key Advantage – low cost 3D map production once
design/tooling is complete.
43. 3D Printed Solid Earth Models
Pros:
Very high terrain
shape fidelity –
particular in
steep/deep areas
Very good image-
terrain registration.
Cons:
Significant cost for
each model.
Limited print
resolution and color.
44. Printed & thermoformed plastic sheets
Pros:
High print image
quality.
Accurate terrain
modeling.
Low per map
production cost.
Cons:
Significant tooling
costs.
Image registration &
deep valleys/canyons
challenging at times.
45. Typical Work Flow for a Summit Terragraphics
Thermoformed Raised-Relief Map Project
Customer Requirements
– Extent, Scale, Format
Source/Generate
Map Image
• Earth-Imagery
Base layer
• Color-
Illustrated
Base Layer
• Vector Graphic
Overlays
Collect/Process
Elevation Data
NED, SRTM, Lidar,
…
Construct
Terrain
Thermoform
Mold
(3D printing/
composite
lamination)
Print - Review
Map – Wide-
format digital
printing on flat
vinyl sheet
Thermoform
Prototype
Raised-
Relief Map
Customer Prototype
Review -- adjust graphics
as needed.
Print &
Thermoform
Production
Raised-
Relief Maps
2 Weeks 2 - 4 Weeks 1 Week 1 - 2 Weeks
Customer Print Image
Review -- adjust graphics
as needed.
46. Typical Work Flow for a Summit Terragraphics 3D
Printed “Solid Earth Model” Map Project
Customer Requirements
– Extent, Scale, Format
Source/Generate
Map Image
• Earth-Imagery
Base layer
• Color-
Illustrated
Base Layer
• Vector Graphic
Overlays
Collect/Process
Elevation Data
NED, SRTM, Lidar,
…
3D Print Color
Tiles
Print - Review
Map – Wide-
format digital
printing on
paper, full size.
2 Weeks 2 Weeks 1 Week 1 - 2 Weeks
Customer Print Image
Review -- adjust graphics
as needed.
Composite
Reinforce and
Laminate Tiles
into full model
47. Horizontal Scale: Summit Terragraphics has worked across a
wide range…
From 1:4,000 (Torrey Pines, to right)
To 1:5,700,000 (Arctic Circle, below)
To 1:33,000,000
(Mini US map, to
Left) Most
Most of Summit’s
projects are:
1:50,000 to 1:500,000
48. Vertical Scale and Exaggeration: Summit Terragraphics has worked
across a wide range.
From .80x
(private ranch,
shown at right)
To 15x (Arctic Circle)
To 35x
(mini US
Map)
49. The optimal vertical scale and exaggeration are dependent
on both terrain geometry and scale. The data points
plotted below show the vertical exaggeration selected for
a variety of map projects.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000
Vertical Exaggeration vs. Horizontal Scale
Vert Exag
High
Exaggeration
Average
Exaggeration
Low
Exaggeration
Most
often
1.5x to
3x
1x
11,000’ drop over
8 miles =
.26 Height/Rad
2x
3x
4x
Mt Rainier
6x
50. Kauai Raised-
Relief Map and
Solid Earth
Model Project
1:60,000 horizontal scale
2x vertical exaggeration
Hawaii State Plane 4 projection
10m sat image base layer
10m NED DEM
51. Kauai Raised-
Relief Map and
Solid Earth
Model Project
Thermoformed Plastic RRM
40” x 30”
3D Printed Solid Earth Model
20” x 15”