The document provides a brief history of computers from first-generation to second-generation models. First-generation computers used vacuum tubes, magnetic drums for memory, and relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. They were large, used significant electricity, generated heat, and could only solve one problem at a time. Second-generation computers replaced vacuum tubes with transistors but still generated heat and used punched cards for input and printouts for output. They also began using symbolic languages and storing instructions in memory.

1. A Brief History of Computers

2. First-Generation Computers
 Used vacuum tubes for circuitry
 Used magnetic drums for memory
 Relied on machine language to perform operations
 Input was based on punched cards and paper tape
 Output was displayed on printouts
 Were enormous
 Used a great deal of electricity
 Generated a lot of heat
 were very expensive to operate
 Could only solve one problem at a time
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3. Other Significant Events
 1953: University of Manchester complete the first transistorised
computer.
 1953: Magnetic core memory developed.
 1954: FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) development began
 1954: IBM 650 - the first mass-produced computer
 1957: First dot matrix printer marketed by IBM
 1958: Integrated Circuit invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments
 1959: COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language)
development began
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4. Second-Generation Computers
 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
 still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer
to damage
 still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output
 moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or
assembly, languages
 stored their instructions in their memory
 multiprogramming operating system
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5. 1959: DEC PDP-1
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6. 1965: DEC PDP-8
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7.  1965 Moore's law published by Gordon Moore.
 1965 Fuzzy Logic
 1965 Packet switching, funded by ARPA was developed.
 1965 The first supercomputer, the Control Data CDC 6600, was
developed
 1966 HP-2115
 1967 Development of programming language Pascal begun
 1967 USA The floppy disk is invented at IBM
 1968 USA Intel founded by Robert Noyce and a few friends.
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8. 1968
“ But what ... is it good for? ”
—Engineer at the Advanced Computing
Systems Division of IBM commenting on the
microchip.
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9. End of Class!!
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