Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
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Effects of Zno on electrical properties of Polyaniline CompositesIJERA Editor
In the present investigation, Polyaniline / Zinc oxide with various weight percentage of Zinc oxide (10%, 20%, 30, 40% and 50%) were synthesized by in-situ polymerization method. The prepared composites were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The dc conductivity of the samples was measured as a function of temperature in the range 30-180oC and it was found that increasing the concentration of ZnO particles increases the conductivity. Ac conductivity of the composites was studied with respect to frequency
Since the Nobel prize for Physics was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”, the eyes of the scientific world have been focused on this so-called miracle material.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Visible light driven photocatalytic oxidation of thiols to disulfides using i...Pawan Kumar
The present paper describes the synthesis of graphene oxide immobilized iron phthalocyanine (FePc) for
the photocatalytic oxidation of thiols to disulfides under alkaline free conditions. Iron phthalocyanine
tetrasulfonamide was immobilized on carboxylated graphene oxide supports via covalent attachment.
The loading of FePc on GO nanosheets was confirmed by FTIR, Raman, ICP-AES, UV-Vis and elemental
analyses. The synthesized catalyst was found to be highly efficient for the photo-oxidation of thiols to
disulfides in aqueous medium using molecular oxygen as oxidant under visible light irradiation. The
identification of photo-oxidation products and their quantitative determination was done using GC-MS.
After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused for several
runs without loss in activity and no leaching was observed during the reaction
SrBaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ phosphor: a novel application for improvingthe luminous flu...IJECEIAES
This paper described in detail the chromatic homogeneity and luminous flux influences in producing better quality white LED devices with various phosphor layers (MCW-LEDs). The method is to let Eu -activated strontium–barium silicate (SrBaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ ) mixed with their phosphor compounding, which results in notable impact on lighting performance. The increase in concentration of yellow-green-emitting SrBaSiO 4 :Eu phosphor also promotes the color performance and lumen output of WLED devices at high correlated color temperature around 8500K. This is the first time this approach is applied and it results can be utilized for better understanding of optical properties interaction with phosphor materials. Although SrBaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ receives many positive responses, we still need to limit it concentration for high SrBaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ concentration is detrimental to CQS. The appropriate choice of concentration and size of SrBaSiO 4 :Eu is the principal factor to decide the performance of MCW-LEDs. 2+ 2+ 2+
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Effects of Zno on electrical properties of Polyaniline CompositesIJERA Editor
In the present investigation, Polyaniline / Zinc oxide with various weight percentage of Zinc oxide (10%, 20%, 30, 40% and 50%) were synthesized by in-situ polymerization method. The prepared composites were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The dc conductivity of the samples was measured as a function of temperature in the range 30-180oC and it was found that increasing the concentration of ZnO particles increases the conductivity. Ac conductivity of the composites was studied with respect to frequency
Since the Nobel prize for Physics was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”, the eyes of the scientific world have been focused on this so-called miracle material.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Visible light driven photocatalytic oxidation of thiols to disulfides using i...Pawan Kumar
The present paper describes the synthesis of graphene oxide immobilized iron phthalocyanine (FePc) for
the photocatalytic oxidation of thiols to disulfides under alkaline free conditions. Iron phthalocyanine
tetrasulfonamide was immobilized on carboxylated graphene oxide supports via covalent attachment.
The loading of FePc on GO nanosheets was confirmed by FTIR, Raman, ICP-AES, UV-Vis and elemental
analyses. The synthesized catalyst was found to be highly efficient for the photo-oxidation of thiols to
disulfides in aqueous medium using molecular oxygen as oxidant under visible light irradiation. The
identification of photo-oxidation products and their quantitative determination was done using GC-MS.
After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused for several
runs without loss in activity and no leaching was observed during the reaction
SrBaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ phosphor: a novel application for improvingthe luminous flu...IJECEIAES
This paper described in detail the chromatic homogeneity and luminous flux influences in producing better quality white LED devices with various phosphor layers (MCW-LEDs). The method is to let Eu -activated strontium–barium silicate (SrBaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ ) mixed with their phosphor compounding, which results in notable impact on lighting performance. The increase in concentration of yellow-green-emitting SrBaSiO 4 :Eu phosphor also promotes the color performance and lumen output of WLED devices at high correlated color temperature around 8500K. This is the first time this approach is applied and it results can be utilized for better understanding of optical properties interaction with phosphor materials. Although SrBaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ receives many positive responses, we still need to limit it concentration for high SrBaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ concentration is detrimental to CQS. The appropriate choice of concentration and size of SrBaSiO 4 :Eu is the principal factor to decide the performance of MCW-LEDs. 2+ 2+ 2+
Study of Polyaniline – Polymethylmethacraylate Blend Films for Amine SensorEditor IJMTER
Electrically conducting films are useful in many applications in the fields of sensors, and
nanoelectronics. However, it is very difficult to obtain fibers of conducting polymers like polyaniline
(PANI) and polypyrrole.Hence they are invariably mixed with other insulating polymers such as
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to obtain a conducting composite depending on the percolation of the
conducting polymer. Here, we report the preparation of PANI-PMMA composite films by chemical
deposition method polymer fibers are investigated atroom temperature with different concentrations of
PANI (0.05M,0.1M,0.2M,0.5M,). It is observed that there is a significant enhancement in the
conductivity of these fibers with the increase in the concentration of PANI. Here to study the D.C.
conductivity, SEM, FTIR and Gas detecting properties of films.
Cobalt Phthalocyanine Immobilized on Graphene Oxide: An Efficient Visible-Act...Pawan Kumar
Abstract: New graphene oxide (GO)-tethered–CoII phthalocyanine
complex [CoPc–GO] was synthesized by a stepwise
procedure and demonstrated to be an efficient, cost-effective
and recyclable photocatalyst for the reduction of carbon
dioxide to produce methanol as the main product. The developed
GO-immobilized CoPc was characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), FTIR, XPS, Raman, diffusion reflection UV/
Vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectroscopy (ICP-AES), thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
FTIR, XPS, Raman, UV/Vis and ICP-AES along with elemental
analysis data showed that CoII–Pc complex was successfully
grafted on GO. The prepared catalyst was used for the photocatalytic
reduction of carbon dioxide by using water as
a solvent and triethylamine as the sacrificial donor. Methanol
was obtained as the major reaction product along with the
formation of minor amount of CO (0.82 %). It was found that
GO-grafted CoPc exhibited higher photocatalytic activity
than homogeneous CoPc, as well as GO, and showed good
recoverability without significant leaching during the reaction.
Quantitative determination of methanol was done by
GC flame-ionization detector (FID), and verification of product
was done by NMR spectroscopy. The yield of methanol
after 48 h of reaction by using GO–CoPc catalyst in the presence
of sacrificial donor triethylamine was found to be
3781.8881 mmolg1 cat., and the conversion rate was found
to be 78.7893 mmolg1cat.h1. After the photoreduction experiment,
the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and
reused for the subsequent recycling experiment without significant
change in the catalytic efficiency.
Cobalt Phthalocyanine Immobilized on Graphene Oxide: An Efficient Visible-Act...Pawan Kumar
New graphene oxide (GO)-tethered–CoII phthalocyanine
complex [CoPc–GO] was synthesized by a stepwise
procedure and demonstrated to be an efficient, cost-effective
and recyclable photocatalyst for the reduction of carbon
dioxide to produce methanol as the main product. The developed
GO-immobilized CoPc was characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), FTIR, XPS, Raman, diffusion reflection UV/
Vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectroscopy (ICP-AES), thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
FTIR, XPS, Raman, UV/Vis and ICP-AES along with elemental
analysis data showed that CoII–Pc complex was successfully
grafted on GO. The prepared catalyst was used for the photocatalytic
reduction of carbon dioxide by using water as
a solvent and triethylamine as the sacrificial donor. Methanol
was obtained as the major reaction product along with the
formation of minor amount of CO (0.82 %). It was found that
GO-grafted CoPc exhibited higher photocatalytic activity
than homogeneous CoPc, as well as GO, and showed good
recoverability without significant leaching during the reaction.
Quantitative determination of methanol was done by
GC flame-ionization detector (FID), and verification of product
was done by NMR spectroscopy. The yield of methanol
after 48 h of reaction by using GO–CoPc catalyst in the presence
of sacrificial donor triethylamine was found to be
3781.8881 mmolg1 cat., and the conversion rate was found
to be 78.7893 mmolg1cat.h1. After the photoreduction experiment,
the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and
reused for the subsequent recycling experiment without significant
change in the catalytic efficiency
Surface modification techniques in biomedical sector Sum K
Surface modification processes and applications are discussed for biomedical sector. Ti, Co-Cr and various implants are considered. The techniques involved are Micro arc Oxidation, Electron Beam Deposition, Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation, Gas Nitriding and many more for corrosion and wear resistance, biointegration, fatigue resistance.
Photocatalytic Properties of GO-(Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S Nanocomposites Prepared by Che...IJLT EMAS
Graphene oxide - (Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S nanocomposite
material was synthesized by the simple and economically viable
chemical precipitation method at different temperatures and its
photocatalytic properties were investigated. Measurement of
photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye was carried out
under visible light. The photocatalytic efficiency of the
synthesized nanocomposites was calculated and the effect of bath
temperature on the photocatalytic efficiency was studied. The
studies suggest that the prepared nanocomposites exhibit
reasonably good photocatalytic properties. Better photocatalysis
is observed at lower bath temperatures for preparation of the
nanocomposites. Photocatalytic efficiency close to 70% has been
obtained for the synthesised GO-(Cd0.8-Zn0.2) S nanocomposites
which can be further improved by optimizing the preparative
conditions
Study of Polyaniline – Polymethylmethacraylate Blend Films for Amine SensorEditor IJMTER
Electrically conducting films are useful in many applications in the fields of sensors, and
nanoelectronics. However, it is very difficult to obtain fibers of conducting polymers like polyaniline
(PANI) and polypyrrole.Hence they are invariably mixed with other insulating polymers such as
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to obtain a conducting composite depending on the percolation of the
conducting polymer. Here, we report the preparation of PANI-PMMA composite films by chemical
deposition method polymer fibers are investigated atroom temperature with different concentrations of
PANI (0.05M,0.1M,0.2M,0.5M,). It is observed that there is a significant enhancement in the
conductivity of these fibers with the increase in the concentration of PANI. Here to study the D.C.
conductivity, SEM, FTIR and Gas detecting properties of films.
Cobalt Phthalocyanine Immobilized on Graphene Oxide: An Efficient Visible-Act...Pawan Kumar
Abstract: New graphene oxide (GO)-tethered–CoII phthalocyanine
complex [CoPc–GO] was synthesized by a stepwise
procedure and demonstrated to be an efficient, cost-effective
and recyclable photocatalyst for the reduction of carbon
dioxide to produce methanol as the main product. The developed
GO-immobilized CoPc was characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), FTIR, XPS, Raman, diffusion reflection UV/
Vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectroscopy (ICP-AES), thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
FTIR, XPS, Raman, UV/Vis and ICP-AES along with elemental
analysis data showed that CoII–Pc complex was successfully
grafted on GO. The prepared catalyst was used for the photocatalytic
reduction of carbon dioxide by using water as
a solvent and triethylamine as the sacrificial donor. Methanol
was obtained as the major reaction product along with the
formation of minor amount of CO (0.82 %). It was found that
GO-grafted CoPc exhibited higher photocatalytic activity
than homogeneous CoPc, as well as GO, and showed good
recoverability without significant leaching during the reaction.
Quantitative determination of methanol was done by
GC flame-ionization detector (FID), and verification of product
was done by NMR spectroscopy. The yield of methanol
after 48 h of reaction by using GO–CoPc catalyst in the presence
of sacrificial donor triethylamine was found to be
3781.8881 mmolg1 cat., and the conversion rate was found
to be 78.7893 mmolg1cat.h1. After the photoreduction experiment,
the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and
reused for the subsequent recycling experiment without significant
change in the catalytic efficiency.
Cobalt Phthalocyanine Immobilized on Graphene Oxide: An Efficient Visible-Act...Pawan Kumar
New graphene oxide (GO)-tethered–CoII phthalocyanine
complex [CoPc–GO] was synthesized by a stepwise
procedure and demonstrated to be an efficient, cost-effective
and recyclable photocatalyst for the reduction of carbon
dioxide to produce methanol as the main product. The developed
GO-immobilized CoPc was characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), FTIR, XPS, Raman, diffusion reflection UV/
Vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectroscopy (ICP-AES), thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
FTIR, XPS, Raman, UV/Vis and ICP-AES along with elemental
analysis data showed that CoII–Pc complex was successfully
grafted on GO. The prepared catalyst was used for the photocatalytic
reduction of carbon dioxide by using water as
a solvent and triethylamine as the sacrificial donor. Methanol
was obtained as the major reaction product along with the
formation of minor amount of CO (0.82 %). It was found that
GO-grafted CoPc exhibited higher photocatalytic activity
than homogeneous CoPc, as well as GO, and showed good
recoverability without significant leaching during the reaction.
Quantitative determination of methanol was done by
GC flame-ionization detector (FID), and verification of product
was done by NMR spectroscopy. The yield of methanol
after 48 h of reaction by using GO–CoPc catalyst in the presence
of sacrificial donor triethylamine was found to be
3781.8881 mmolg1 cat., and the conversion rate was found
to be 78.7893 mmolg1cat.h1. After the photoreduction experiment,
the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and
reused for the subsequent recycling experiment without significant
change in the catalytic efficiency
Surface modification techniques in biomedical sector Sum K
Surface modification processes and applications are discussed for biomedical sector. Ti, Co-Cr and various implants are considered. The techniques involved are Micro arc Oxidation, Electron Beam Deposition, Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation, Gas Nitriding and many more for corrosion and wear resistance, biointegration, fatigue resistance.
Photocatalytic Properties of GO-(Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S Nanocomposites Prepared by Che...IJLT EMAS
Graphene oxide - (Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S nanocomposite
material was synthesized by the simple and economically viable
chemical precipitation method at different temperatures and its
photocatalytic properties were investigated. Measurement of
photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye was carried out
under visible light. The photocatalytic efficiency of the
synthesized nanocomposites was calculated and the effect of bath
temperature on the photocatalytic efficiency was studied. The
studies suggest that the prepared nanocomposites exhibit
reasonably good photocatalytic properties. Better photocatalysis
is observed at lower bath temperatures for preparation of the
nanocomposites. Photocatalytic efficiency close to 70% has been
obtained for the synthesised GO-(Cd0.8-Zn0.2) S nanocomposites
which can be further improved by optimizing the preparative
conditions
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Effects of Zno on electrical properties of Polyaniline CompositesIJERA Editor
In the present investigation, Polyaniline / Zinc oxide with various weight percentage of Zinc oxide (10%, 20%, 30, 40% and 50%) were synthesized by in-situ polymerization method. The prepared composites were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The dc conductivity of the samples was measured as a function of temperature in the range 30-180oC and it was found that increasing the concentration of ZnO particles increases the conductivity. Ac conductivity of the composites was studied with respect to frequency.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Doped with Cu Salts and Cu Comp...ijtsrd
In this work, we have synthesized polyaniline doped with Cu II salts and coordination complexes in presence of Aniline was polymerized in presence ammonium persulphate APS . We varied the concentration of APS and also that of Cu II salts and complexes to see the effect of these on the properties of polyaniline. We investigated the effect of the dopant and ligand around Cu II ion on the morphology, crystallinity and conductivity of the resultant polyaniline. The products were characterized by UV Vis, FT IR spectroscopy, while the morphology and crystallinity were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and X ray diffraction studies respectively. Results show that the morphology, crystallinity and conductivity of the doped polyanilines are found to be influenced by nature of ligand. Madhab Upadhyaya | Dilip K Kakati "Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Doped with Cu-Salts and Cu-Complexes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52609.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/52609/synthesis-and-characterization-of-polyaniline-doped-with-cusalts-and-cucomplexes/madhab-upadhyaya
Organic inorganic hybrid cobalt phthalocyanine/polyaniline as efficient catal...Pawan Kumar
Organic inorganic hybrid catalyst synthesized by doping of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) on
polyaniline support (CoPc/PANI) exhibited higher activity for the oxidation of various alcohols
to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in high to excellent yield using molecular oxygen as
oxidant and isobutyraldehyde as a sacrificial agent. Notably, the synthesized catalyst was found
to be truly heterogeneous in nature and could be easily recovered, recycled for several recycling
runs without loss of catalytic activity
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Organic inorganic hybrid cobalt phthalocyanine/polyaniline as efficient catal...Pawan Kumar
Organic inorganic hybrid catalyst synthesized by doping of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) on polyaniline
support (CoPc/PANI) exhibited higher activity for the oxidation of various alcohols to the corresponding
carbonyl compounds in high to excellent yield using molecular oxygen as oxidant and isobutyraldehyde
as a sacrificial agent. Notably, the synthesized catalyst was found to be truly heterogeneous in nature and
could be easily recovered, recycled for several recycling runs without loss of catalytic activity
Heterostructured nanocomposite tin phthalocyanine@mesoporous ceria (SnPc@CeO2...Pawan Kumar
Heterostructured tin phthalocyanine supported to mesoporous ceria was synthesized and used a
photocatalyst for CO2 reduction under visible light. The photoreduction CO2 activities of the
heterostructures were investigated in the presence of triethylamine as sacrificial agent. The developed
photocatalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for photoreduction of CO2 and after 24 hours of visible
light irradiation 2342 mmol g1 cat of methanol (fMeOH ¼ 0.0223 or 2.23%) and 840 mmol g1 cat of CO
(fCO ¼ 0.0026 or 0.26%) were obtained as the major reaction products. The methanol formation rate
(RMeOH) and CO formation rate (RCO) was found to be 97.5 mmol h1 g1 cat and 35.0 mmol h1 g1 cat
respectively. While under the identical experimental conditions mesoporous ceria (meso-CeO2) gave
only 316 mmol g1 cat of methanol (fMeOH ¼ 0.003 or 0.30%) and 126 mmol g1 cat CO (fCO ¼ 0.0004
or 0.04%) with product formation rate RMeOH ¼ 13.2 mmol h1 g1 cat and RCO ¼ 5.3 mmol h1 g1 cat.
Furthermore, the recovered catalyst showed consistent catalytic activity for at least five runs without any
significant loss in product yields
Deposition and Characterization of Sisal Fiber Composite Prepare By Iron Oxid...IJERA Editor
Iron oxide synthesized through sintering route. The present research work deals with ferrite composite prepared using chemical reactions. Ferric nitrates and ammonium chloride doped with sisal fiber has been prepared. The comparative studies of ferric oxide were examined through few characterizations. The structural behavior of iron oxide was studied in XRD, FT/IR, TEM and SEM. This behavior showed ferrite nature of the sample.
Polyaniline (PANI) Metal Oxide Nano Composites as a Conducting MaterialRSIS International
The combination of conducting nanoparticles and conducting polymers is a new area of research. The conducting polymer nanocomposites have both advantages of low dimensional systems and organic conductors. With this nanofibre morphology, the dispersibility and processibility of polyanilines can be improved.
The aim of this literature is to provide a survey of previous findings of researchers related to metal oxide nanocomposite polyaniline. In this paper we reviewed the properties, methods of synthesis, and various applications.
Synthesis, characterization and DC Conductivity Studies of NaCF3SO3 -PEO Dope...IJERA Editor
The polymer electrolyte based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexes with conducting Polyaniline (PANI) and Sodium triflate salt (NaCF3SO3) has been prepared in different weight percentage(wt%) by insitu polymerization method. The complexation is characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which confirmed the presence of polyethylene oxide complexes with conducting Polyaniline and Sodium triflate salt. DC conductivity studies show thermally activated behavior of all the composites. The conductivity was found to increase with the increase in temperature indicating the semiconducting behavior of all the complexes. Maximum conductivity was observed in 30 wt% of Sodium triflate salt complexes with conducting Polyaniline and polyethylene oxide.
Infrared Spectral and EPR Studies of Mn2+ Ions Doped K2O - CdO - B2O3 - SiO2 ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Spectroscopic and Physical Properties of Mn2+ spin probe in RO-P2O5-ZnO-Pb3O4...IJERA Editor
RO-P2O5-ZnO-Pb3O4 (R=Li, Na and K) glasses containing 0.1concentrations of MnO have been prepared. The structural, optical and physical properties of prepared glasses are studied by XRD, UV-Visible, EPR and FTIR techniques. The nature of local symmetry and structural information of the neighboring atoms of dopant ions (Mn2+) in the host matrix have been understood by evaluating the crystal field strength (Dq) and Racah (B & C) parameters. The combined analysis of optical absorption and EPR spectroscopy has indicated that the manganese ions exist in Mn2+ (in octahedral) local coordination sites. FTIR results showed that PO4 are the main structural unit of the glass system and the manganese ions are located in the glass matrix network.
Synthesis and characterization of silver Nano composite polyanilineIJERA Editor
Conducting Polyaniline were prepared in the presence of oxidizing agentpotassiumdichromate by chemical
oxidation method. The PANI/ Ag Composite were synthesized with various Compositions
viz.,0.5N,0.05N,0.005N,0.0005N of AgNO3 in PANI. The surface morphology of the composite were analyzed
using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that Ag particle are embedded in polyaniline chain to form
multiple phases. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Spectrograph suggests that they exhibit semi-crystalline
behavior. It was also found that the electrical conductivity of PANI/Ag nanocomposite was about 100 times
higher than that of pure polyaniline.
Similar to Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science (20)
Synthesis and characterization of silver Nano composite polyaniline
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
1. RESEARCH INVENTY: International Journal of Engineering and Science
ISBN: 2319-6483, ISSN: 2278-4721, Vol. 1, Issue 11
(December 2012), PP 09-13
www.researchinventy.com
Polyaniline-SbO2 Composites: Preparation, Characterization and
a c conductivity Study
Shankarananda1, Arunkumar Lagashetty2 and Sangshetty.Kalyani3
1
Department of Physics, Singhania University Rajastan
2
Department of Chemistry, Appa Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Gulbarga, Karanataka, India
3
Departments of Physics, Rural Engineering College, Bhalki, Karanataka, India
Abstract: Polymeric materials containing metal oxide particles constitute a new class of polymer composites
materials. Chemical oxidation of aniline is carried out for polyaniline (PANI) and SbO2 inserted PANI (PANI-
SbO2) composite material. Varied weight percentage of SbO2 in PANI constitutes different PANI- SbO2
composite materials to know detailed changes. Pure SbO2 and prepared PANI composites were characterized
by various characterization tools. Structural changes of SbO2 and composite materials were carried out by X-
ray diffraction (XRD) tool, morphological study by Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) tool and bonding
changes was observed by Infrared (IR) study. Structural, morphology and bonding variation is observed in
PANI- SbO2 composite materials compared to pure oxide and PANI samples. Dielectric study of the composite
materials is undertaken for its dielectric behavior. The study shows the variation of the dielectric behavior for
different weight percentage composite materials.
Key words: Polymeric materials, Oxidation, Dielectric, SEM, XRD, IR, SbO2
I. Introduction
Synthesis of polymer composites of core shell inorganic particle-polymer has attracted much research
attention in recent years because its properties [1-2]. In particular, the composites of core shell metal oxide
particles-conducting polymer combine the electrical properties of the polymer shell and the magnetic, optical,
electrical or catalytic characteristics of the metal oxide core, which could greatly widen their applicability in the
fields of catalysis, electronics and optics [3]. Many efforts have been made to successfully prepare composites
such as Fe2O3-polypyrrole by chemical preparation and electrochemical method [4-5]. Besides the preparation of
MO-Polymer, the synthesis of hollow conducting polymer capsules is expected to become much feasible by the
chemical removal of the metal oxide core of the MO-Polymer. The resulting conducting polymer capsules with
controllable hollow structure have shown promising prospective applications [6]. The challenge for the
preparation of the MO-Polymer is how to generate the polymer coating uniformly and completely on the surface
of the metal oxide core by a polymerization reaction in a solution phase. The key issue aims at slowing down the
rate of polymerization and controlling the polymerization on the surface of the core rather than in the solution.
The fabrication of MO-Polyaniline is particularly of interest because polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most
important conducting polymers with high conductivity, ease of synthesis, and good environmental stability [7].
In this paper, we describe the synthesis of PANI and SbO2 dispersed PANI composite materials through
oxidative polymerization of aniline. As prepared PANI and its SbO2 composite is well characterized by various
characterization techniques. a.c conductivity study of the as prepared PANI composite material is also well
studied for its conducting behavior.
II. Experimental
2.1. Materials and Methods
PANI and PANI composites were prepared by chemicals i.e Ammonium persulphate (NH4)2S2O8,
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), aniline and SbO2 are of AR grade. Double distilled water was used in the synthetic
process. In situ polymerization of aniline was carried out for PANI and SbO2 composite materials.
9
2. Polyaniline-SbO2 Composites: Preparation, Characterization and a c conductivity Study
2.2. Synthesis of PANI-SbO2 Composites
0.1 M aniline was dissolved in 1M HCl to form aniline hydrochloride. SbO2 was added in the weight
percent of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 to the above solution with vigorous stirring in order to keep the SbO2 materail
suspended in the solution. 0.1M of ammonium persulphate [(NH4)2S2O8] as an oxidant was added slowly to the
reaction mixture with continuous stirring for 4-6 hours at 0-5OC. The precipitated powder recover was vacuum-
filtered and washed with deionizer water. Finally, the resultant precipitate was dried in an oven for 24 hours to
achieve a constant weight. Similarly five different PANI- SbO2 composites with different weight of SbO2 (10,
20, 30, 40 and 50) in PANI have been synthesized. Pure polyaniline was prepared by chemical oxidation of
aniline without adding Indium oxide [8].
2.3. Preparation of Pellets
Varied concentrations of prepared composites were pressed under pressure for its pellet form. The test
samples to be used were prepared in pellet form of diameter 10mm and thickness 3mm by applying pressure of
7t using Pye-Unicam dye. The contacts for these composites were made using silver paste as electrodes on both
sides.
2.4. Characterization
The structures of as prepared polymer composite were studied by X–ray diffraction using Phillips X–
ray diffractometer (PW3710) with Cu Kα as source of radiation. Morphology and bonding of the above polymer
composites were studied by Phillips XL 30 ESEM and Perkin–Elmer 1600 spectrophotometer in KBr medium
tools respectively. Dielectric measurements were carried out at room temperature over the frequency range 10 2-
107Hz using the Hiokie LCR Q meter.
III. Results And Discussion
1. X-ray diffraction
Figure-1 shows XRD pattern of PANI- SbO2 at 50% weight composition. The pattern shows large
number of peaks confirms shows the presence of SbO2 reflections in the composite pattern and is comparison
with literature. [9]. Some of the SbO2 peaks are disappeared in the composite pattern compared to XRD pattern
of pure SbO2 is due to demasking of the oxide in the polymer matrix. This oxide peaks in the composite pattern
confirms the formation of SbO2 dispersed polyaniline composite.
2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Figure-2 shows SEM image of SbO2 sample. This image shows, the most of the particles are in
spherical shape and also a compact arrangement. The particle nature clearly indicates the crystalline structure of
the sample. Figure-3 shows SEM image of pure PANI obtained by chemical oxidation of aniline. The close
packing with amorphous nature is observed in the image. This image also shows the high particle size with self
assembly. Figure-4 shows the SEM image of PANI- SbO2 at 50% weight percentage. The close mapping of
spherical Sb particles in the polyaniline matrix is observed in the image. Clear enhanced crystalline morphology
PANI composite is observed. Morphological change in the composite compared to pure PANI and pure SbO 2
show the formation of PANI composites. Figure 5 shows a representative energy-dispersive X ray (EDX)
spectrum of as prepared SbO2 sample. The pattern shows the presence of Sb metal peaks, which again confirms
the presence of SbO2 in polyaniline matrix.
3. Infrared Study
The bonding nature in pure SbO2 and PANI- SbO2 composite was well studied by infrared tool. This
study is to ascertain the metal- oxygen (M-O) in SbO2 and shift in frequency in metal oxide inserted PANI
composite sample. Metal oxides generally give absorption bands below 1000cm-1 arising from inter-atomic
vibrations [9]. Figure-6 shows FTIR spectrum of pure SbO2. The sample shows the absorption peak at 1659,
1261, 724, 555, 535, 531, 528cm-1. The peaks below 1000cm-1 is due the presence of Sb-O bonding.
Figure-7 shows the FTIR spectrum of as prepared PANI- SbO2 composite. The spectrum shows the
peaks at 2287, 2113, 1915, 1552, 1408, 1290, 1081, 1000, 886, 806, 577, 561, 527 cm-1. Peaks below 1000cm-
1clearly shows presence of SbO2 sample. The peak at 1081cm-1 is due to the B-NH+ = Q vibration, indicating
that the PANI is conductive and is in the form of emeraldine salt. The absorption peak at 1000 cm-1 is due the
C-H bonding of the aromatic ring. The peak 577 is attributed to the out of plane deformation of C-H aromatic
ring. The additional peaks at 2287, 2113, 1915, 1552, 1408, 1290 may be due to some overtones.. Some
additional peaks and shift in vibrational frequency were also observed on comparison with pure SbO2 spectrum.
This confirms the formation PANI- SbO2 composite.
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3. Polyaniline-SbO2 Composites: Preparation, Characterization and a c conductivity Study
4. a.c conductivity
Figure 8 shows the variation of ε' as a function of frequency for PANI – SbO2 composites (different
wt%). In all the cases it is observed that, the dielectric constant is quite high at low frequency and decreases
with increase in applied frequency. it is also observed that the values of dielectric constant decreases up to 40
wt% and then increases to 50wt%.
The observed behavior may be due to the Debye relaxation mechanism taking place in these materials [10]. (19)
IV. Conclusion
The preparation of PANI composites with various metal oxide materials is simple and this method may
adopt for the preparation pervoskites and garnets polymer composites. Structural and morphological changes
has taken place due to insertion of oxide material in to polymer matrix. Demasking of the particles is also
observed in the composite material. Shifts in vibrational frequencies of oxide material or polymer is also
observed in the composites.
Acknowledgement
Authors are grateful to Chairman, Department of Materials Science, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga for
providing some spectral data. Authors would like to acknowledge Dr. M V N Ambika Prasad, Professor,
Department of Materials Science, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India for helping in spectral
analysis. Thanks are du to Principal and President of Rural Engineering College, Bhalki, Bidar for constant
support.
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6000
5000
PaP5
4000
Intensity
3000
2000
1000
0
0 20 40 60 80
2Theta
Figure 1: XRD pattern of pure PANI- SbO2 at 50% weight composition
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4. Polyaniline-SbO2 Composites: Preparation, Characterization and a c conductivity Study
Figure 2: SEM image of SbO2
Figure 3: SEM image of pure PANI
Figure 4: SEM image of PANI- SbO2 at 50% weight composition
Figure 5: EDAX of PANI- SbO2 at 50% weight composition
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