c++ practical Digvajiya collage Rajnandgaon

PROGRAMMING IN C++ 2023
YASHWANT KUMAR TANDEKAR (BCA 3rd
SEM) 1 P a g e
1. write a program to generate following pattern:-
(a) A B C D E F G
A B C E F G
A B F G
A G
CODING :-
#include<iostream.h> //header file
#include<conio.h>
int main() //main function
{
clrscr();
char i,j,k,l,n='D'; //variable declaration
k = n; //assigning value of k in "n"
l = n;
for(i='A';i<='D';i++) //Outer for loop execution
{
for(j='A';j<='G';j++) //inner for loop execution
{
if(j>k && j<l) //If statement
cout<<" ";
else
cout<<j;
}
k --;
l ++;
cout<<endl;
}
getch();
return 0 ;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 2 P a g e
(b) 1
1 2
1 2 3
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
{
clrscr();
int i,j; //variable declaration
for(i=1;i<=3;i++) //Outer for loop execution
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++) //inner for loop execution
{
cout<<j; //Printing value of “j”
}
cout<<endl;
}
getch() ;
return 0;
}

SEM) 3 P a g e
OUTPUT :-
(c) *
* *
* * *
CODING :-
#include<conio.h> //header file
int main () //main function
{
int i ,j , k ; //variable declaration and initialization
clrscr (); //clear the screen funtion
for(i=1;i<=3;i++) //for loop execution
{
for(int k=3-i;k>0;k--)
{
cout<<" " ;
}
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
cout<<" * " ;

SEM) 4 P a g e
}
cout<<endl;
}
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
(d) 1
121
1331
14641
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
{
clrscr();
int i , p=1; //variable declaration
cout<<endl<<p;
for(i=2;i<=4;i++) //For loop execution

SEM) 5 P a g e
{
p = pow(11,i); //liberary function
cout<<endl<<p;
}
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
2. Write member functions which when called ask pattern type:
if user enters 11 then a member function is called which
generates first pattern using for loop. If user enters 12 then
a member function is called which generates first pattern
using while loop. If user enters 13 then a member function
is called which generates second pattern using for loop and
so on.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class PatternGenerator //class definition
{
public: //visibility mode
void generatePattern() //member function

SEM) 6 P a g e
{
int patternType; //variable declaration
clrscr();
cout << "Enter pattern type 11, 12, 13 : ";
cin >> patternType;
switch (patternType) //switch statement
{
case 11:
generatePatternUsingForLoop(0);
break;
case 12:
generatePatternUsingWhileLoop(1);
break;
case 13:
generatePatternUsingForLoop(2);
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid pattern type." << endl;
}
getch(); // Wait for a key press before exiting
}
private: //visibility mode
void generatePatternUsingForLoop(int patternNumber)
//member function definition
{
char i,j,k,l,n='D'; //variable declaration

SEM) 7 P a g e
k = n; //assigning value of k in "n"
l = n;
for(i='A';i<='D';i++) //Outer for loop execution
{
for(j='A';j<='G';j++) //inner for loop execution
{
if(j>k && j<l) //If statemnet
cout<<" ";
else
cout<<j;
}
k --;
l ++;
cout<<endl;
}
}
void generatePatternUsingWhileLoop(int patternNumber)
//member function definition
{
int i,j; //variable declaration
for(i=1;i<=4;i++) //Outer for loop execution
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++) //inner for loop execution
{
cout<<j;
}

SEM) 8 P a g e
cout<<endl;
}
}
};
{
PatternGenerator patternGen; //declaration of
class object
patternGen.generatePattern(); //calling function of
class through object
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
3. Write a program to display number 1 to 10 in octal, decimal and hexa-
decimal system.
CODING :-
#include <iostream.h> //header file
#include <conio.h> //header file
#include <iomanip.h>

SEM) 9 P a g e
{
clrscr(); //clear the screen function
cout << "DecimaltOctaltHexadecimal" << endl; //printing
statement
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) //for loop execution
{
cout << dec << i << "t" << oct << i << "t" << hex << i << endl;
}
getch(); //holding the screen
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
P.T.O.

SEM) 10 P a g e
4. Write program to display number from one number system to
another number system. The program must ask for the number
system in which you will input integer value then the program
must ask the number system in which you will want output of
the input number after that you have to input the number in
specified number system and program will give the output
according to number system for output you mentioned earlier.
CODING :-
#include <conio.h> //header file
#include <iomanip.h> //header file
#include <math.h>
long decimalToBinary(long decimalNum) // Function to
convert from decimal to binary
{
long binaryNum = 0, remainder, base = 1; //variable declaration
while (decimalNum > 0) //while loop execution
{
remainder = decimalNum % 2;
binaryNum = binaryNum + remainder * base;
decimalNum = decimalNum / 2;
base = base * 10;
}
return binaryNum;
}
char* decimalToHexadecimal(long decimalNum) //Function to convert
decimal to hexadecimal
{
char hexadecimalNum[20]; //variable declaration
int index = 0;
while (decimalNum > 0) //while loop execution
{
int remainder = decimalNum % 16;
if (remainder < 10) //if statement
{
hexadecimalNum[index++] = remainder + '0';
}
else

SEM) 11 P a g e
{
hexadecimalNum[index++] = remainder - 10 + 'A';
}
decimalNum = decimalNum / 16;
}
hexadecimalNum[index] = '0';
int start = 0;
int end = index - 1;
while (start < end) //while loop execution
{
char temp = hexadecimalNum[start];
hexadecimalNum[start] = hexadecimalNum[end];
hexadecimalNum[end] = temp;
start++;
end--;
}
return hexadecimalNum;
}
{
int inputBase, outputBase; //variable declaration
long inputNumber, outputNumber;
cout << "Enter the input number system (2 for binary, 10 for decimal,
16 for hexadecimal): ";
cin >> inputBase;
cout << "Enter the output number system (2 for binary, 10 for decimal,
16 for hexadecimal): ";
cin >> outputBase;
if (inputBase != 2 && inputBase != 10 && inputBase != 16) //if
statement
{
cout << "Invalid input number system." << endl;
}
else if (outputBase != 2 && outputBase != 10 && outputBase != 16)

SEM) 12 P a g e
{
cout << "Invalid output number system." << endl;
}
else {
cout << "Enter the number in the input number system: ";
cin >> inputNumber;
if (inputBase == 2 && outputBase == 10) //if statement
{
outputNumber = 0;
int bitPosition = 0;
while (inputNumber > 0) //while loop
execution
{
int digit = inputNumber % 10;
outputNumber += digit * pow(2, bitPosition);
inputNumber /= 10;
bitPosition++;
}
cout << "Output in decimal: " << outputNumber << endl;
}
else if (inputBase == 10 && outputBase == 2)
{
outputNumber = decimalToBinary(inputNumber);
cout << "Output in binary: " << outputNumber << endl;
}
{
outputNumber = 0;
int hexLength = 0;
char hexChar;
while (inputNumber > 0) //while loop execution
{
hexChar = inputNumber % 10;
if (hexChar >= '0' && hexChar <= '9') //if
statement
{
outputNumber += (hexChar - '0') * pow(16, hexLength);
}
else if (hexChar >= 'A' && hexChar <= 'F')
{

SEM) 13 P a g e
outputNumber += (hexChar - 'A' + 10) * pow(16,
hexLength);
}
else
{
cout << "Invalid hexadecimal digit." << endl;
return 1;
}
inputNumber /= 10;
hexLength++;
}
cout << "Output in decimal: " << outputNumber << endl;
}
{
char* hexadecimalNum =
decimalToHexadecimal(inputNumber);
cout << "Output in hexadecimal: " << hexadecimalNum <<
endl;
}
else
{
cout << "Conversion between these number systems is not
supported." << endl;
}
}
getch(); // Wait for a key press before exiting
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 14 P a g e
P.T.O.
B

SEM) 15 P a g e
ARRAY
5. Write a program using function to add, subtract and multiply
two matrices of order 3*3. You have to create one function for
addition, which accepts three array arguments. First two array
arguments are matrices to add and third matrix is destination
where the resultant of addition of first two matrices is stored. In
similar way create functions for matrix subtraction and
multiplication.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
void add(int arr1[3][3], int arr2[3][3]) //Function to add arrays.
{
int arr3[3][3]; //array variable declaration
cout <<"Sum of array -n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) //outer for loop execution
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) //inner for loop
{
arr3[i][j] = arr1[i][j] + arr2[i][j]; //performing addition
operation
cout << arr3[i][j] << "t"; //printing addition of 2
arrays
cout << endl;
}
}
void subt(int arr1[][3], int arr2[][3]) //Function for subtracting
arrays.
{
int arr3[3][3]; //array variable declaration
cout << "Subtraction of array -n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) //outer for loop execution
{
{
arr3[i][j] = arr1[i][j] - arr2[i][j]; //performing subtraction
operation

SEM) 16 P a g e
cout << arr3[i][j] << "t"; //printing subtraction of
2 arrays
}
cout << endl;
}
}
void multi(int arr1[][3], int arr2[][3]) //Function to multiply arrays.
{
int arr3[3][3];
cout << "Multiplication of array -n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
arr3[i][j] = arr1[i][j] * arr2[i][j];
cout << arr3[i][j] << "t";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
{
clrscr();
int i,j;
int arr1[3][3] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; //Array declaration
& initialization
int arr2[3][3] = {9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
cout<<"First Array is - "<<endl;
for(i=0;i<3;i++) //outer for loop
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++) //inner for loop
{
cout<<"t"<<arr1[i][j]; //printing array 1
elements
}
cout<<endl;
}
cout<<"Second Array is - "<<endl;
for(i=0;i<3;i++) //outer for loop
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++) //inner for loop

SEM) 17 P a g e
{
cout<<"t"<<arr2[i][j]; //printing array 2
elements
}
cout<<endl;
}
add(arr1, arr2); //add function call
cout << endl;
subt(arr2, arr1); //subt function call
cout << endl;
multi(arr1, arr2); //multi function call
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
6. create a single program to perform following tasks without
using library functions:
a) To reverse the string accepted as argument :-
CODING :-
#include <conio.h>

SEM) 18 P a g e
{
clrscr();
char str[100]; //variable declaration
cout << "Enter a string: ";
cin>>str; //read the value entered by the user
int length = 0; //variable declaration
while (str[length] != '0') // Calculate the length of the string
using while loop
{
length++;
}
for (int i = 0, j = length - 1; i < j; i++, j--) // Reverse the string using for
loop
{
char temp = str[i];
str[i] = str[j];
str[j] = temp;
}
cout << "Reversed string: " << str << endl;
getch(); // hold the screen
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 19 P a g e
b) To count the number of characters in string passed as
argument in form of character array.
CODING :-
#include <conio.h>
{
clrscr();
char str[100]; //variable declaration
cin>>str; //read input by the user
int count = 0;
// Count characters in the string
while (str[count] != '0') //while loop execution
{
count++;
}
cout << "Number of characters in the string: " << count << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 20 P a g e
c) To copy the one string to other string passed as arguments in
form of source character array and destination character array
without using library function.
CODING :-
#include <conio.h>
{
clrscr();
char source[100], copy[100]; //variable declaration
cin>>source;
// Copy the source string to the destination string without using library
functions
int i = 0;
while (source[i] != '0') //while loop execution
{
copy[i] = source[i];
i++;
}
copy[i] = '0';
cout << "Source string: " << source << endl;
cout << "Copied string: " <<copy<< endl;
getch();
return 0;
}

SEM) 21 P a g e
OUTPUT :-
d) To count no. of vowels, consonants in each word of a
sentence passed as argument in form of character array.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
{
clrscr();
char line[150]; //variable declaration
int vowels, consonants, digits, spaces; //variable declaration
vowels = consonants = digits = spaces = 0;
cout << "Enter a line of string: ";
cin.getline(line, 150); //read line or sentence given by the
user
for(int i = 0; line[i]!='0'; ++i) //for loop execution
{
if(line[i]=='a' || line[i]=='e' || line[i]=='i' || line[i]=='o' || line[i]=='u' ||
line[i]=='A' ||
line[i]=='E' || line[i]=='I' || line[i]=='O' || line[i]=='U') //if statement
{

SEM) 22 P a g e
++vowels;
}
else if((line[i]>='a'&& line[i]<='z') || (line[i]>='A'&& line[i]<='Z'))
{
++consonants;
}
else if(line[i]>='0' && line[i]<='9')
{
++digits;
}
else if (line[i]==' ')
{
++spaces;
}
}
cout << "Vowels: " << vowels << endl;
cout << "Consonants: " << consonants << endl;
cout << "Digits: " << digits << endl;
cout << "White spaces: " << spaces << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 23 P a g e
CLASS, OBJECT, ARRAY OF OBJECT, OBJECT
USING ARRAY
7. Create a class student having data members to store roll number, name of
student, name of three subjects, max marks, min marks, obtained marks.
Declare an object of class student. Provide facilities to input data in data
members and show result of student.
CODING :-
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
class Student //Class Definition
{
private: //Access specifier
int rollNumber; //variable Declaration
char name[50];
char subjects[3][50];
int maxMarks[3];
int minMarks[3];
int obtainedMarks[3];
public: //Access Specifier
void input() //Member function Definition inside the class
{
cout << "Enter Roll Number: ";
cin >> rollNumber;
cout << "Enter Student Name: ";
gets(name);

SEM) 24 P a g e
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) //For Loop Execution
{
cout << "Enter Name of Subject " <> maxMarks[i];
cout << "Enter Min Marks for Subject " <> minMarks[i];
cout << "Enter Obtained Marks for Subject " <> obtainedMarks[i];
}
}
void show(); //member function declaration
};
void Student::show() //Function Definion outside the Class
{
clrscr(); // Clear the screen
cout << "ttt -: Student Details :- "<<endl;
cout << "Roll Number: " << rollNumber << endl;
cout << "Student Name: " << name << endl;
{
cout << "Subject " << i + 1 << " Name: " << subjects[i] << endl;
cout << "Max Marks for Subject " << i + 1 << " = " << maxMarks[i] << endl;
cout << "Min Marks for Subject " << i + 1 << " = " << minMarks[i] << endl;
cout << "Obtained Marks for Subject " << i + 1 << " = " << obtainedMarks[i]
<< endl;
}
}
int main() //Main Function
{
clrscr(); // Clear the screen
Student s1; //object Declaration of "Student" class
s1.input(); //Accessing Class's member function through object
s1.show(); // Show data
getch();
return 0;
}

SEM) 25 P a g e
OUTPUT :-
P.T.O.

SEM) 26 P a g e
8. Create a class student having data members to store roll number,
name of student, name of three subjects, max marks, min marks,
obtained marks. Declare array of object to hold data of 3 students.
Provide facilities to show result of all students. Provide also facility
to show result of specific student whose roll number is given.
CODING :-
#include <conio.h>
class student //class definition
{
int rollno, maxm, minm, obtm; //data member
char name[50], subnm[3];
public : //access specifier
void get() //member function
{
cout <<endl<< "Enter Roll Number = ";
cin >> rollno;
cout << "Enter student Name = ";
cin.getline(name,50);
cin.ignore();
cout <<endl<< "Enter name of subjects - ";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) //for loop execution
{
cin.ignore();
cout << "Subject " <> maxm;
cout <<endl<< "Enter minimum marks = ";

SEM) 27 P a g e
cin >> minm;
cout <<endl<< "Enter obtained marks = ";
cin >> obtm;
}
void disp()
{
cout << endl<< "Student Details!!!nn";
cout << "Roll Number = " << rollno << endl;
cout << "Student Name = " << name << endl;
cout << "Subject details - "<<endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "Subject " << i + 1 << " : " << subnm[i] << endl;
}
cout << "Result - "<<endl<<endl;
cout << "Maximum marks = " << maxm <<endl<< “Max marks = " << minm <<endl<<
"Obtainde
marks = " << obtm;
}
};
{
int a = 1;
student s1[3]; //Initializing array of objects
do
{
cout << "Enter 1 - To see all student's result "<<endl;
cout << "Enter 2 - To see any specific student's result”<<endl<<”Enter 0 - To
exit”<<end<<”Value here = ";
cin >> a;

SEM) 28 P a g e
if (a == 1)
{
cout << "nEnter details of the students -n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
s1[i].get();
s1[i].disp();
}
}
else if (a == 2)
{
int rln;
cout << "Enter the roll number from 100 to 102 = ";
cout <<endl<< "Enter details of the students -"<<endl;
cin >> rln;
switch (rln) //Using switch case
{
case 100:
s1[0].get();
s1[0].disp();
break;
case 101:
s1[1].get();
s1[1].disp();
break;
case 102:
s1[2].get();
s1[2].disp();

SEM) 29 P a g e
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid Roll number...";
break;
}
}
}
while (a!= 0);
cout << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 30 P a g e
9. Create a class Sarray having an array of integers having 5 elements
as data member provide following facilities:
a) Constructor to get number in array elements
b) Sort the elements
c) Find largest element
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class Sarray //Class Definition
{
private: //Access Specifier
int arr[5]; //Data Member
public:
Sarray() // Constructor to initialize the array elements
{
{
cout << "Enter element " <> arr[i];
cout<<endl;
}
}
void sort() // sort the array elements
{
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) //Outer For loop Execution
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) //inner For Loop
{
if (arr[i] > arr[j]) //If Statement

SEM) 31 P a g e
{
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}
int findlrg() // find the largest element
{
int largest = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) //For loop Execution
{
if (arr[i] > largest) //if Statement
{
largest = arr[i];
}
}
return largest;
}
void show() // show the array elements
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) //For loop
{
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
};

SEM) 32 P a g e
{
Sarray sarr ; //Object Declaration of Class Sarray
cout << "Unsorted array: ";
sarr.show(); //Calling class member function through Object
sarr.sort();
cout << "Sorted array: ";
sarr.show();
int largest = sarr.findlrg(); //Variable initialization through Object
cout << "Largest element: " << largest << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
STATIC MEMBER FUNCTION
10.Create a class Simple with static member functions for following
tasks :-

SEM) 33 P a g e
a) To find fact by recursive member function.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class Simple //Class Definition
{
public : //Access Specifier
static int fact(int n) //Static Member Function definition
{
if (n == 0 || n == 1) //if else statement
{
return 1;
}
else
{
return n * fact(n - 1);
}
}
};
{
clrscr();
int num; //variable declaration
cout<<"Enter a number : ";
cin >> num;
int factValue = Simple::fact(num); //assigns the value returned by the fact()
cout<<"Factorial of " << num << " is - " << factValue << endl;
getch();
return 0;

SEM) 34 P a g e
}
OUTPUT :-
b) To check whether a no. is prime or not.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class findprime //Class Definition
{
public : //Access Specifier
static void prime(int a) //Static Member function
{
int b = 0;
for (int i = 2; i < a; i++) //For Loop Execution
{
if (a%i==0) //if else statement
{
b++;
}
}
if (b==0)
{

SEM) 35 P a g e
cout<<a<<" is a prime number"<<endl;
}
else //else statement
{
cout<<a<<" is not a prime number"<<endl;
}
}
};
{
clrscr();
int l; //variable initialization
cout<<"enter any number";
cin>>l;
findprime::prime(l); //calling Static member function
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
c) To generate Fibonacci series up to requested terms.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class fibonacci //class definition

SEM) 36 P a g e
{
static void fibo() //Static Member Function
{
int n,a=0,b=1,c,i=0; //variable initialization
cout<<"Enter number of terms = ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Fibonaci series of "<<n<<" term are :- "<<endl<<a<<" "<<b<<" ";
while (i<n-2) //While Loop execution
{
c = a+b;
cout<<c<<" ";
a = b;
b = c;
i++; //Increment Operator
}
}
};
{
clrscr();
fibonacci::fibo(); //Calling static member-function
cout << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 37 P a g e
OBJECT AS ARGUMENT TO FUNCTION ,
FUNCTION RETURNING OBJECT
11. Write program using class having class name Darray. Darray has
pointer to pointer to integer as data member to implement double
dimension dynamic array and provide following facilities:
a) Constructor to input values in array elements
b) Input member function to get input in array element
c) Output member function to print element value
d) Add member function to perform matrix addition using objects
e) Subtract member function to perform matrix subtraction using
objects
f) Multiply member function to perform matrix multiplication using
objects .
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class Darray //Class definition
{
protected: //access specifier
int a,*ptr = &a,**ptr1 = &ptr; //Pointers declaration &
initialization
int *arr,*arr1;
Darray() //Default Constructor Definition
{
cout<<"Enter the number of rows = ";
cin>>**(ptr1);
arr = new int[a * 3];
cout<<"Enter the values in array - "<<endl;
for (int i = 0; i < a; i++) //outer for loop execution

SEM) 38 P a g e
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) //Inner for loop execution
{
cin>>*(arr + i*3 + j);
}
}
}
void input() //Input member function
{
cout<<"Enter the number of rows = ";
cin>>**(ptr1);
arr1 = new int[a * 3]; //Dynamic memory allocation
cout<<"Enter the values in array - "<<endl;
for (int i = 0; i < a; i++) //outer for loop execution
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) //inner for loop execution
{
cin>>*(arr1 + i*3 + j);
}
}
}
void output() //Output member function
{
cout<<"Elements in first array -”<<endl;
for (int i = 0; i < a; i++) //outer for loop
{
{
cout<<*(arr + i*3 + j)<<"t";

SEM) 39 P a g e
}
cout<<endl;
}
cout<<"Elemnets in second array -”<<endl;
{
{
cout<<*(arr1 + i*3 + j)<<"t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
void add() //add member function
{
cout<<"Sum of first & second matrix -”<<endl;
{
{
cout<<(*(arr + i*3 + j) + *(arr1 + i*3 + j))<<"t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
void subtract() //subtract member
function
{
cout<<"Subtraction of first matrix from second matrix -”<<endl;

SEM) 40 P a g e
{
{
cout<<(*(arr + i*3 + j) - *(arr1 + i*3 + j))<<"t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
void multiply() //multiply member function
{
int res[3][3] = 0;
cout<<"Multiplication of first & second matrix -”<<endl;
{
{
res[i][j]=0;
for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++)
{
res[i][j] += (*(arr + i*3 + k)) * (*(arr1 + k*3 + j));
}
cout<<res[i][j]<<"t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
};

SEM) 41 P a g e
{
Darray D1; //Object declaration of class “Darray”
D1.input(); //calling member function through object
D1.output(); //calling member function through
object
D1.add(); //calling member function through object
D1.subtract(); //calling member function through
object
D1.multiply(); //calling member function through
object
cout << endl;
getch(); //Hold the Console
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 42 P a g e
12.Write a program to create class complex having data members to
store real and imaginary part. provide following facilities:
a. Add two complex no. using objects
b. Subtract two complex no. using objects
c. Multiply two complexes no. using objects
d. Divide two complex no. using objects
CODING :-
class Complex //class Definition
{
private: //Access specifier
float real; //Data member
float imgn; //Data Member
public: //access specifier
Complex(float r = 0, float i = 0) : real(r), imgn(i) //Constructor to initialize the complex
number
{
}
Complex add(const Complex& c) // Function to add two complex
numbers
{
return Complex(real + c.real, imgn + c.imgn);
}
Complex subtract(const Complex& c) // Function to subtract two complex
numbers
{
return Complex(real - c.real, imgn - c.imgn);
}
Complex multiply(const Complex& c) // Function to multiply two complex
numbers
{

SEM) 43 P a g e
return Complex((real * c.real) - (imgn * c.imgn), (real * c.imgn) + (imgn * c.real));
}
Complex divide(const Complex& c) // Function to divide two complex numbers
{
float denominator = (c.real * c.real) + (c.imgn * c.imgn);
if (denominator == 0) //if statement
{
cout << "Division by zero is undefined." << endl;
return Complex();
}
return Complex(((real * c.real) + (imgn * c.imgn)) / denominator, ((imgn * c.real) - (real
* c.imgn)) / denominator);
}
void display() //display member Function
{
cout << "Complex number: " << real << " + " << imgn << "i" << endl;
}
};
{
clrscr(); //clear screen function
Complex c1(1, 3); //class object declaration and
initialization
Complex c2(2, 4);
Complex sum = c1.add(c2); //calling member function of class through
object
Complex difference = c1.subtract(c2);
Complex product = c1.multiply(c2);

SEM) 44 P a g e
Complex quotient = c1.divide(c2);
cout <<" Sum :- "<<endl; // Displaying results
sum.display();
cout <<endl<<" Difference :- "<<endl;
difference.display();
cout <<endl<<" Multiplication :- "<<endl;
product.display();
cout <<endl<<" Division :- "<<endl;
quotient.display();
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 45 P a g e
Friend Function
13. Create class Polar having data member radius and angle. It
contains member functions taking input in data members and
member function for displaying value of data members. Class Polar
contains declaration or friend function add which accepts two
objects of class Polar and returns object of class Polar after addition.
Test the class using main function and objects of class Polar.
CODING :-
class polar //class definition
{
int radius , angle; //Data members
{
cout<<"Enter radius = " ;
cin>>radius ;
cout<<"Enter angle = " ;
cin>>angle ;
}
void put() //member function
{
cout<<endl<<"Radius = "<<radius;
cout<<endl<<"Angle = "<<angle<<endl;
}
friend polar add(polar , polar); //Friend function declaration
};
polar add(polar a , polar b) //Friend Function definition
{

SEM) 46 P a g e
polar c; //variable Declaration
c.radius = a.radius + b.radius;
c.angle = a.angle + b.angle;
return c;
}
{
polar a , b , c; // Object Declaration of class “Polar”
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter 1 st object -"<<endl;
a.get(); //Accessing member function of class through
object
cout<<endl<<"Enter 2 nd object -"<<endl;
b.get(); //Accessing member function of class through object
cout<<endl<<"Object's values are :-"<<endl;
cout<<"1st obj :-";
a.put(); //Accessing member function of class through object
cout<<endl<<"2nd obj :-";
b.put(); //Accessing member function of class through object
cout<<endl<<"-: Additon of objects :- ";
c = add(a,b); //Adding two objects
c.put();
getch();
return 0;
}

SEM) 47 P a g e
OUTPUT :-
14.Write program to create class distance having data members feet
and inch (A single object will store distance in form such as 5 feet 3
inch). It contains member functions for taking input in data members
and member function for displaying value of data members. Class
Distance contains declaration of friend function add which accepts
two objects of class Distance and returns object of class Distance
after addition. Class Distance contains declaration of another friend
function. Subtract that accepts two objects of class Distance and
returns object of class Distance after subtraction. Test the class
using main function and objects of class Distance.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class Distance //class definition
{
int feet; //data member
int inch;
void inputData() //member function
{
cout << "Enter feet: ";
cin >> feet;

SEM) 48 P a g e
cout << "Enter inches: ";
cin >> inch;
}
void displayData() //member function definition
{
cout << "Distance: " << feet << " feet, " << inch << " inches" << endl;
}
friend Distance add(Distance d1, Distance d2); //friend function
declaration
friend Distance subtract(Distance d1, Distance d2);
};
Distance add(Distance d1, Distance d2) //friend function
definition
{
Distance d3;
d3.feet = d1.feet + d2.feet;
d3.inch = d1.inch + d2.inch;
if (d3.inch >= 12) //if statement
{
d3.feet++;
d3.inch -= 12;
}
return d3;
}
Distance subtract(Distance d1, Distance d2) //friend function
definition
{
Distance d3;
d3.feet = d1.feet - d2.feet;
if (d1.inch < d2.inch) //if statement
{
d3.feet--;
d3.inch = 12 + d1.inch - d2.inch;
}
else
{
d3.inch = d1.inch - d2.inch;
}
return d3;

SEM) 49 P a g e
}
{
Distance d1, d2, d3, d4; /object declaration
cout << "Enter data for first distance:" << endl;
d1.inputData(); //calling member function through object
cout << "Enter data for second distance:" << endl;
d2.inputData();
cout << "First distance: ";
d1.displayData();
cout << "Second distance: ";
d2.displayData();
d3 = add(d1, d2);
cout << "Sum of distances: ";
d3.displayData();
d4 = subtract(d1, d2);
cout << "Difference of distances: ";
d4.displayData();
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
15.Write a program to create class Mother having data member to store
salary of Mother, create another class Father having data member to
store salary of Father. Write a friend function, which accepts objects

SEM) 50 P a g e
of class Mother, and Father and prints Sum of Salary of Mother and
Father objects.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class father; //Forward declaration
class mother //class definition
{
int sal; //data member
friend int sum(mother,father); //Friend function declaration
};
class father
{
int sal;
friend int sum(mother,father);
};
int sum(mother a,father b) //friend Function to sum & print salary
{
a.sal = 100000;
b.sal = 200000;
cout<<"Sum of salary of mother and father = "<<a.sal + b.sal;
}
{
mother m; //object declaration
father f;
sum(m,f); //Sum function called
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 51 P a g e
Friend Class
16. Write a Program to create class Mother having data member to store
salary of Mother, create another class Father having data member to
store salary of Father. Declare class Father to be friend class of
Mother. Write a member function in Father, which accepts object of
class Mother and Father Objects. Create member function in each
class to get input in data member and to display the value of data
member.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class mother //class definition
{
int slry; //data member
friend class father; //Friend class declaration
{
cout<<"Enter the salary - ";
cin>>slry;
cout<<"Salary of Mother = "<<slry;
}
};
class father //friend class Definition
{
int slry;

SEM) 52 P a g e
{
cout<<endl<<endl<<”Father -”<<endl<<"Enter the salary - ";
cin>>slry;
cout<<"Salary of father = "<<slry;
}
int sum(mother a,father b) //sum member function
{
cout<<endl<<endl<<"Sum of salary of mother and father = "<<a.slry + b.slry;
return 0;
}
};
{
clrscr();
mother mtr; //declaration of class “mother” object “mtr”
father ftr; //declaration of class “mother” object “mtr”
mtr.get(); //calling member function through object
ftr.get(); //calling member function through object
ftr.sum(mtr,ftr); //calling member function through object
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 53 P a g e
STATIC DATA MEMBER
17. Create a class Counter having a static data member, which keeps
track of no. of objects created of type Counter. One static member
function must be created to increase value of static data member as
the object is created. One static member function must be created to
decrease value of static data member as the object is destroyed.
One static member function must be created to display the current
value of static data member. Use main function to test the class
Counter.
CODING :-
class Counter //class defition
{
static int count; //static member function declaration
Counter() //Default constructor definition
{
count++;
cout<<" tCreated Object - " << count<<endl;
}
~Counter() //Destructor Difinition
{
count--;
cout<<" tDestroyed Object - "<<count<<endl;
}
static void displayCount() //static member function
{

SEM) 54 P a g e
cout<<" Current count - "<<count<<endl;
}
};
int Counter::count = 0;
{
clrscr();
cout<<" Constructor called :- "<<endl;
Counter *c1 = new Counter(); //new operator used and assigns the address of
class object
Counter *c2 = new Counter();
Counter *c3 = new Counter();
Counter::displayCount(); //calls the static member function
cout<<" Destructor called :- "<<endl;
delete c1; //delete operator used to delete the allocated memory by
class object
delete c2;
Counter::displayCount();
getch(); //hold the console
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
P.T.O.

SEM) 55 P a g e
STRUCTURE AND CLASS
18.Define structure student. Structure student has data members for storing
name, roll no, name of three subjects and marks. Write member function
to store and print data.
CODING :-
struct student //structure definition
{
char name[50]; //data member of structure
int rollNo;
char subjects[3][50];
float marks[3];
void getdata() //member function of structure
{
cout<<"Enter student's name : ";
cin.getline(name, 50);
cout<<"Enter roll number : ";
cin>>rollNo;
{
cout<<"Enter subject "<>marks[i];
}
}
void putdata() //member function of structure
{
cout<<endl<<"Student Information :-" <<endl;
cout<<"Name - " << name <<endl;
cout<<"Roll Number - " <<rollNo<<endl;
{
cout<<"Subject " << i + 1 << " - " << subjects[i] << endl;
cout<<"Marks - " << marks[i] << endl;
}

SEM) 56 P a g e
}
};
{
student s1; //structure variable declaration by explicit
method
s1.getdata(); //accessing structure member function
through variable
s1.putdata();
getch (); //hold the consol
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
P.T.O.

SEM) 57 P a g e
COPY CONSTRUCTOR , CONSTRUCTOR
OVERLOADING , THIS POINTER , CONSTRUCTOR WITH
DEFAULT ARGUMENT
19.write program to create a class Polar which has data member radius
and angle, define overloaded constructor to initialize object and copy
constructor to initialize one object by another existing object keep
name of parameter of parameterized constructor same as data
members. Test function of the program in main function.
CODING :-
class Polar //class difinition
{
int radius, angle; //data member
Polar(int radius, int angle) //Parameterized constructor
{
Polar::radius = radius;
Polar::angle = angle;
}
Polar(Polar &p1) //Copy constructor
{
radius = p1.radius;
angle = p1.angle;
}
void display() //member function
{
cout<<"Radius = "<<radius<<"tAngle = "<<angle;
}
};

SEM) 58 P a g e
{
clrscr();
Polar p1(10,20); //object declaration of class
Polar p2(p1);
p2.display(); //calling member function through object
cout << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
20.write program to create a class Polar which has data member radius
and angle, use constructor with default arguments to avoid
constructor overloading and copy constructor to initialize one object
by another existing object keep name of parameter of parameterized
constructor same as data members. Test functioning of the program
in main function
CODING :-
class Polar //class definition
{
int radius, angle; //data member

SEM) 59 P a g e
Polar(int radius=15, int angle=30) //Parameterized constructor with default
arguments
{
Polar::radius = radius;
Polar::angle = angle;
}
Polar(Polar &p1) //Copy constructor
{
radius = p1.radius;
angle = p1.angle;
}
void disp() //display member function
{
cout<<"nRadius = "<<radius<<"tAngle = "<<angle;
}
};
{
clrscr();
Polar p1; //object declaration of class
Polar p2(p1);
p2.disp(); //calling function through object
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 60 P a g e
FUNCTION OVERLOAD, REFERENCE VARIABLE,
PARAMETER PASSING BY ADDRESS,
STATIC FUNCTION
21.Write a class having name Calculate that uses static overloaded
function to calculate area of circle, area of rectangle and area of
triangle.
CODING :-
class Calculate //class definition
{
static int area(int a) //static member function
{
float area = a*a*3.14;
cout<<"Area of circle (radius * radius * 3.14)= "<<area;
}
static int area(int l,int b) //static overloaded function
{
float area = l*b;
cout<<endl<<"Area of rectangle (length * width)= "<<area;
}
static int area(int b,int h,float c)
{
float area = c*h*b;
cout<<endl<<"Area of triangle = "<<area;
}
};
int main() //min function

SEM) 61 P a g e
{
clrscr();
Calculate::area(5); //static member function calling
Calculate::area(5,10); //static member function calling
Calculate::area(5,10,1.5); //static member function calling
cout << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
22.write a class ArraySort that uses static overloaded function to sort an
array of floats, an array of integers.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class ArraySort //class definition
{
static void sort(float arr[], int n) //static member function
{
for(i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) //outer for loop execution
{
for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) //inner for loop execution

SEM) 62 P a g e
{
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) //if statement
{
float temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
static void sort(int arr[], int n) //static member function
{
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) //outer for loop execution
{
for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) //inner for loop
{
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) //if statment
{
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
};
{
clrscr();

SEM) 63 P a g e
int i;
float floatArr[] = {5.6, 3.2, 1.4, 7.8, 9.0};//variable initialization
int intArr[] = {23, 12, 45, 38, 19};
int n1 = sizeof(floatArr) / sizeof(floatArr[0]);
int n2 = sizeof(intArr) / sizeof(intArr[0]);
ArraySort::sort(floatArr, n1); //calling static member function
ArraySort::sort(intArr, n2);
cout << "Sorted float array :- ";
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) //for loop
{
cout<<floatArr[i]<< " ";
}
cout<<endl<<"Sorted integer array :- ";
for (i = 0; i < n2; i++) //for loop
{
cout<<intArr[i] << " ";
}
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 64 P a g e
23.Write a program using class, which uses static overloaded function
to swap two integers, two floats methods use reference variable.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class Swap //class difinition
{
static int swp(float &a,float &b) //Swapping through reference
variable
{
float t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
static int swp(int &a,int &b) //static member function
{
int t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
};
{
int a = 10,b = 20; //variable initialization
float c = 10.5,d =19.01;
cout<<"Before swap :-"<<endl;
cout<<"a = "<<a<<"tb = "<<b<<endl<<"c = "<<c<<"td = "<<d<<endl;
Swap::swp(a,b); //Calling static function by reference
Swap::swp(c,d);
cout<<"After swap :-"<<endl;
cout<<"a = "<<a<<"tb = "<<b<<endl<<"c = "<<c<<"td = "<<d;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 65 P a g e
24.Write a program using class, which uses static overloaded function
to swap two integers, two floats methods use parameter passing by
address.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class Swap //class difinition
{
public: //ACCESS SPECIFIER
static int swp(float *a,float *b) //Swapping by address
{
float t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
static int swp(int *a,int *b) //static member function
{
int t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
};
{
int a = 5,b = 50; //variable initialization
float c = 1.414,d =3.14;
cout<<"Before swap - n";
cout<<"a = "<<a<<"tb = "<<b<<endl<<"c = "<<c<<"td = "<<d<<endl;
Swap::swp(&a,&b); //calling statc member function ans Passing address of
variables
Swap::swp(&c,&d);
cout<<"After swap -"<<endl;
cout<<"a = "<<a<<"tb = "<<b<<endl<<"c = "<<c<<"td = "<<d;
getch();
return 0;
}

SEM) 66 P a g e
OUTPUT :-
STRING, POINTER, AND OPERATOR OVERLOADING
25.Create class String having pointer to character as data member and
provide following facilities:
a. Constructor for initialization and memory allocation
b. Destructor for memory release
c. Overloaded operators + to add two string object
d. Overloaded operator = to assign one string object to other
string object
e. Overloaded operator = = to compare whether the two string
objects are equal or not
f. Overloaded operator < to compare whether first string object is
less than second string object
g. Overloaded operator > to compare whether first string object is
greater than second string object or not
h. Overloaded operator <= to compare whether first string object
is less than of equal to second string object or not
i. Overloaded operator >= to compare whether first string object
is greater than or equal to second string object
j. Overloaded operator !=to compare whether first string object is
not equal to second string object or not
k. Overloaded insertion and extraction operators for input in data
member and display output of data members.
CODING :-
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
class String {
private:

SEM) 67 P a g e
char *str;
public:
// Constructor
String(const char* s = nullptr) {
if (s != nullptr) {
str = new char[strlen(s) + 1];
strcpy(str, s);
} else {
str = new char[1];
*str = '0';
}
}
// Destructor
~String() {
delete[] str;
}
// Overloaded + operator
String operator+(const String& rhs) const {
String result;
result.str = new char[strlen(str) + strlen(rhs.str) + 1];
strcpy(result.str, str);
strcat(result.str, rhs.str);
return result;
}
// Overloaded = operator

SEM) 68 P a g e
String& operator=(const String& rhs) {
if (this != &rhs) {
delete[] str;
str = new char[strlen(rhs.str) + 1];
strcpy(str, rhs.str);
}
return *this;
}
// Overloaded == operator
bool operator==(const String& rhs) const {
return strcmp(str, rhs.str) == 0;
}
// Overloaded < operator
bool operator<(const String& rhs) const {
return strcmp(str, rhs.str) < 0;
}
// Overloaded > operator
bool operator>(const String& rhs) const {
return strcmp(str, rhs.str) > 0;
}
// Overloaded <= operator
bool operator<=(const String& rhs) const {
return strcmp(str, rhs.str) <= 0;
}

SEM) 69 P a g e
// Overloaded >= operator
bool operator>=(const String& rhs) const {
return strcmp(str, rhs.str) >= 0;
}
// Overloaded != operator
bool operator!=(const String& rhs) const {
return strcmp(str, rhs.str) != 0;
}
// Overloaded << operator for output
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const String& s) {
os << s.str;
return os;
}
// Overloaded >> operator for input
friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, String& s) {
char buffer[1000];
is >> buffer;
delete[] s.str;
s.str = new char[strlen(buffer) + 1];
strcpy(s.str, buffer);
return is;
}
};
int main() {
String s1("Hello");

SEM) 70 P a g e
String s2("World");
// Testing various operators
String s3 = s1 + s2;
std::cout << "Concatenation: " << s3 << std::endl;
String s4;
s4 = s1;
std::cout << "Assignment: " << s4 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Comparison: " << (s1 == s2 ? "Equal" : "Not Equal") << std::endl;
std::cout << "Comparison: " << (s1 < s2 ? "Less" : "Not Less") << std::endl;
// Testing input and output operators
std::cout << "Enter a string: ";
String s5;
std::cin >> s5;
std::cout << "You entered: " << s5 << std::endl;
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 71 P a g e
26. Create a class Matrix having data member double dimension array
of floats of size 3*3. Provide following facilities:
a. Overloaded extraction operator for data input
b. Overloaded insertion operator for data output
c. Overloaded operator + for adding two matrix using objects
d. Overloaded operator – for subtracting two matrix using objects
e. Overloaded operator * for multiply two matrix using objects
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class Matrix //class definition
{
float arr[3][3]; // Array variable declaration
void operator >>(float objarr[3][3]) //Overloaded Extraction operator
{
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) //outer for loop
{
{
arr[i][j] = objarr[i][j];
}
}
}
void operator<<(ostream& c) //Insertion Operator
{
{
{
c<<arr[i][j]<<"t";
}
c<<endl;
}
}
void operator +(Matrix m) //Addition Operator
{
{
{
cout<<(arr[i][j] + m.arr[i][j])<<"t";
}

SEM) 72 P a g e
cout<<endl;
}
}
void operator -(Matrix m) //Subtraction Operator
{
{
{
cout<<(arr[i][j] - m.arr[i][j])<<"t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
void operator *(Matrix m) //Multiplication Operator
{
{
{
int k = 0;
float a = 0;
for (k = 0; k < 3; k++)
{
a += (arr[i][k] * m.arr[k][j]);
}
cout<<a<<"t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
};
{
float arr[3][3]={{3.1, 4.03, 5.7},{1.2, 2.5, 3.9},{6.6, 7.5, 8.2}}; //variable initialization
float arr2[3][3]={{4.3, 8.4, 9.9},{4.56, 2.01, 1.1},{9.9, 0.0, 7.6}};
Matrix m1,m2; //object declaration of class
m1>>arr; //Calling Overloaded Operators
m2>>arr2;
m1<<cout;
cout<<"Second Matrix - "<<endl;
m2<<cout;
cout<<"Sum of array - "<<endl;
m1+m2;

SEM) 73 P a g e
cout<<"Subtraction of array - "<<endl;
m1-m2;
cout<<"Multiplication of array -"<<endl;
m1*m2;
cout << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 74 P a g e
OPEARATOR OVERLOADING WITH FRIEND FUNCTION
27.Create a class Polar having radius and angle as data members.
Provide following facilities:
a) Overloaded insertion and extraction operators for data input
and display
b) Overloaded constructor for initialization of data members
c) Overloaded operator + to add two polar co-ordinates using
objects of class Polar
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
{
int radius,angle,i=0,k=0;
Polar() //default constructor
{}
Polar(int a,int b) //Constructor for initializing values
{
radius = a;
angle = b;
}
Polar& operator >>(int a) //Overloaded operator for data input
{
if (i==0) //IF STATMENT
{
radius = a;
i++;
return *this;
}
if (i==1)
{
angle = a;
}
}
Polar& operator <<(int a)
{
if (a==1)
{
cout<<endl<<radius;
return *this;
}
if (a==2)
{
cout<<"t"<<angle;

SEM) 75 P a g e
return *this;
}
}
Polar operator+(Polar p2) //Operator to add two objects
{
cout<<endl<<"Sum of polar co-ordinates is- "<<endl;
cout<<"Radius = "<<radius+p2.radius;
cout<<"tAngel = "<<angle+p2.angle;
}
};
{
Polar p1,p2(15,12); //object declaration of class
p1>>10>>20;
cout<<"First object -"<<endl;
p1<<1<<2; //1 for radius & 2 for angle.
cout<<endl<<"Second object -"<<endl;
p2<<1<<2;
p1+p2;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
28.Create class DegreeCelsius having a single data member to hold
value of temperature in degree Celsius. Provide following facilities:
a. Overloaded operator ++ which will increase value of dta
member by !(consider postfix and prefix operator overloading).
b. Overloaded operator – which will decrease value of data
member by1 (consider postfix and prefix operator overloading)
c. Overloaded insertion and extraction operators for input in data
member and display value of data member.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class DegreeCelsius //class definition
{

SEM) 76 P a g e
private: //access specifier
float temp; //data member
public:
DegreeCelsius() //constructor definition
{
temp = 0.0;
}
DegreeCelsius(float t) //parameterized constructure
{
temp = t;
}
float getTemp() const
{
return temp;
}
void setTemp(float t)
{
temp = t;
}
DegreeCelsius operator++() //overloaded operator ++
{
temp++;
return *this;
}
DegreeCelsius operator++(int)
{
DegreeCelsius tempC = *this;
temp++;
return tempC;
}
DegreeCelsius operator--() //overloaded operator --
{
temp--;
return *this;
}
DegreeCelsius operator--(int)
{
DegreeCelsius tempC = *this;
temp--;
return tempC;
}

SEM) 77 P a g e
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const DegreeCelsius& obj)
//insertion operator overloading
{
out << obj.temp << " degrees Celsius";
return out;
}
friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, DegreeCelsius& obj) //extraction
operator overloading
{
in >> obj.temp;
return in;
}
};
{
clrscr();
DegreeCelsius temp1, temp2; //object declaration of class
cout << "Enter temperature in degrees Celsius : ";
cin >> temp1;
cout << "Temperature 1: " << temp1 << endl;
temp2 = temp1++;
temp2 = ++temp1;
temp2 = temp1--;
temp2 = --temp1;
getch();
return 0;
}
P.T.O.

SEM) 78 P a g e
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 79 P a g e
OPERATOR OVERLOADING AND DATA TYPE
CONVERSION
29.Create a class Polar that contains data member radius and angle.
Create another class Cartesian in the same program and provide
following facilities:
a. It should be possible to assign object of polar class to object of
Cartesian class
b. It should be possible to assign object of Cartesian class to
object of polar class
CODING :-
#include <cmath.h> //header file
#include<conio.h>
{
double radius; //data member
double angle;
public: //ACCESS SPECIFIER
Polar(double r, double a) //parameterized constructor
{
radius = r;
angle = a;
}
double getRadius() const
{
return radius;
}
double getAngle() const
{

SEM) 80 P a g e
return angle;
}
void setRadius(double r)
{
radius = r;
}
void setAngle(double a)
{
angle = a;
}
class Cartesian //class definiton
{
double x; //data member
double y;
Cartesian(double r, double a) //parameterized constructor
{
x = r * cos(a);
y = r * sin(a);
}
double getX() const
{
return x;
}

SEM) 81 P a g e
double getY() const
{
return y;
}
void setX(double x)
{
this->x = x;
}
void setY(double y)
{
this->y = y;
}
};
Cartesian toCartesian()
{
return Cartesian(radius, angle);
}
};
class Cartesian
{
private:
double x;
double y;
public:

SEM) 82 P a g e
Cartesian(double x, double y)
{
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
}
double getX() const
{
return x;
}
double getY() const
{
return y;
}
void setX(double x)
{
this->x = x;
}
void setY(double y)
{
this->y = y;
}
Polar toPolar()
{
double radius = sqrt(x * x + y * y);

SEM) 83 P a g e
double angle = atan2(y, x);
return Polar(radius, angle);
}
};
{
Polar polar(2.0, 0.5); //object initialization of class
Cartesian cartesian = polar.toCartesian();
cout << "Polar coordinates: (radius, angle) = (" << polar.getRadius() << ", " << polar.getAngle()
<< ")" << endl;
cout << "Cartesian coordinates: (x, y) = (" << cartesian.getX() << ", " << cartesian.getY() << ")"
<< endl;
Cartesian cartesian2(1.0, 1.0);
Polar polar2 = cartesian2.toPolar();
cout << "Polar coordinates: (radius, angle) = (" << polar2.getRadius() << ", " <<
polar2.getAngle() << ")" << endl;
cout << "Cartesian coordinates: (x, y) = (" << cartesian2.getX() << ", " << cartesian2.getY() <<
")" << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 84 P a g e
30. Create a class Fahrenheit that contains a data member to hold
temperature in Fahrenheit . Create another class Celsius that
contains a data member to hold temperature in Degree Celsius; in
the same program and provide following facilities:
a. It should be possible to assign object of Fahrenheit class to
object of Celsius class
b. It should be possible to assign object of Celsius class to object
of Fahrenheit class
c. It should be possible to compare objects of class Fahrenheit
and Celsius to find out which object contains higher
temperature.
CODING :-
#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class Fahrenheit {
private:
double temp;
public:
Fahrenheit(double t) {
temp = t;
}
double getTemp() const {
return temp;
}
void setTemp(double t) {
temp = t;
}
Celsius toCelsius() const {
double tempC = (temp - 32) * 5 / 9;
return Celsius(tempC);
}
operator Celsius() const {
return toCelsius();
}
bool operator>(const Fahrenheit& f2) const {
return temp > f2.temp;
}
bool operator<(const Fahrenheit& f2) const {

SEM) 85 P a g e
return temp < f2.temp;
}
};
class Celsius {
private:
double temp;
public:
Celsius(double t) {
temp = t;
}
double getTemp() const {
return temp;
}
void setTemp(double t) {
temp = t;
}
Fahrenheit toFahrenheit() const {
double tempF = temp * 9 / 5 + 32;
return Fahrenheit(tempF);
}
operator Fahrenheit() const {
return toFahrenheit();
}
bool operator>(const Celsius& c2) const {
return temp > c2.temp;
}
bool operator<(const Celsius& c2) const {
return temp < c2.temp;
}
};
int main() {
Fahrenheit f1(72);
Celsius c1 = f1; // Implicit conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius using operator()
cout << "Temperature in Fahrenheit: " << f1.getTemp() << endl;
cout << "Temperature in Celsius: " << c1.getTemp() << endl;
Celsius c2(30);
Fahrenheit f2 = c2; // Explicit conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit using constructor

SEM) 86 P a g e
cout << "Temperature in Celsius: " << c2.getTemp() << endl;
cout << "Temperature in Fahrenheit: " << f2.getTemp() << endl;
Fahrenheit f3(80);
Celsius c3(26.67);
if (f3 > c3) {
cout << "Fahrenheit object f3 is equal to Celsius object c3" << endl;
} else {
cout << "Celsius object c3 has higher temperature than Fahrenheit object f3" <<
endl;
}
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 87 P a g e
VOID POINTER , POINTER AND
POINTER TO OBJECT
31.Create a program having pointer to void to store address of integer
variable then print value of integer variable using pointer to void.
Perform the same operation for float variable.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
{
int num1 = 10; //Declare an integer variable and a void
pointer
void* ptr1 = &num1; //void pointer declaration and initialiazation
cout << "Value of integer variable: " << *(int*)ptr1 << endl; // Print the value of the
integer variable using the void pointer
float num2 = 5.2; // Declare a float variable
void* ptr2 = &num2; //void pointer declaration and initialization
cout << "Value of float variable: " << *(float*)ptr2 << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 88 P a g e
32.Write program to find biggest number among three numbers using
pointer and function.
CODING :-
int findBiggest(int* num1, int* num2, int* num3) // Function using pointers
{
int biggest = *num1;
if (*num2 > biggest) //if statement
{
biggest = *num2;
}
if (*num3 > biggest) //if statement
{
biggest = *num3;
}
return biggest;
}
{
int num1 = 10, num2 = 15, num3 = 20; // Declare three integer variables
int biggestNumber = findBiggest(&num1, &num2, &num3); // Find the biggest
number using pointers and function
cout<<" Biggest number :- "<<biggestNumber<<endl; // Print the biggest
number
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
33.Write swapping program to demonstrate cal by value, call by address
and call by reference in a single program.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
void value(int a,int b) //Call by value

SEM) 89 P a g e
{
int t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
void address(int *a,int *b) //Call by address
{
int t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
void reference(int &a,int &b) //Call by reference
{
int t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
{
int a = 40,b = 50; //Variable Initialization
cout<<"Before Swapping :- "<<endl;
cout<<"a = "<<a<<"tb = "<<b<<endl;
value(a,b); //calling function by Value
cout<<"After call by value :- "<<endl;
cout<<"a = "<<a<<"tb = "<<b<<endl;
address(&a,&b); //calling function by address
cout<<"After call by address :- "<<endl;
cout<<"a = "<<a<<"tb = "<<b<<endl;
reference(a,b); //calling function by reference
cout<<"After call by Reference :-"<<endl;
cout<<"a = "<<a<<"tb = "<<b;
getch();
return 0;
}
P.T.O.

SEM) 90 P a g e
OUTPUT :-
34.Write a program to create a class Employee having data members to
store name of employee, employee id, salary. Provide member
function for data input, output. Use Pointer to object to simulate
array of object to store information of 3 employees and test the
program in function main.
CODING :-
class Employee //class definition
{
char name[50]; //data member
int Id;
float salary;
void inputData() //member function for input data
{
cout<<"Enter employee name : ";
cout<<"Enter employee ID: ";
cin >>Id;
cout<<"Enter employee salary: ";
cin>>salary;
}
void displayData() //member function to output data
{
cout<<"Employee Name - "<<name<<endl;
cout<<"Employee ID - "<<Id<<endl;
cout<<"Employee Salary - "<<salary<<endl;

SEM) 91 P a g e
}
};
{
clrscr();
int i;
Employee* employees = new Employee[3];//Create an array of Employee objects
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) //For loop for Input data
{
employees[i].inputData();
}
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) //For loop for Display data
{
employees[i].displayData();
cout << endl;
}
delete[] employees; // Delete the dynamically allocated array
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 92 P a g e
INLINE FUNCTION
35.Write a program using inline function to calculate area of circle.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
inline int area(int r) //Inline function declaration
{
return (3.14*r*r);
}
{
clrscr();
int r;
cout<<"Enter radius = ";
cin>>r;
cout<<endl<<"Area = "<<area(r); //Calling inline function
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-
36.Write a program using inline function to find minimum of two
functions. The inline function should take two arguments and
should return the minimum value.
CODING :-

SEM) 93 P a g e
#include<conio.h>
inline int minvalue(int x,int y) //Inline function declaration
{
if (x<y) //if else statement
{
return x;
}
else
{
return y;
}
}
int fnc1(int a) //function definition
{
return a;
}
int fnc2(int a) //function definition
{
return a;
}
{
clrscr();
int a,b; //variable declaration
cout<<"Enter two number - ";
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<"Minimum value = "<<minvalue(fnc1(a),fnc2(b)); //Calling inline function
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 94 P a g e
INHERITANCE
37. Create a class account that stores customer name, account number
and type of account. From this derive the classes cur_acct and
sav_acct to make them more specific to their requirements. Include
necessary member functions in order to achieve the following tasks:
a. Accept deposit from customer
b. Display the balance
c. Compute and deposit interest
d. Permit withdrawal and update the balance Check for the
minimum balance, impose penalty, necessary and update the
balance.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class account //class definition
{
char c_name[50],type[45]; //data member
float balance=0,deposit;
int acc_no;
void withdraw() //Member function defination
{
int a;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the amount to withdraw from "<<c_name<<"'s account = ";
cin>>a;
if (balance>=a) //if statement
{
balance -= a;
cout<<"Wihtdraw Successful!!!"<<endl<<"Your current balacne is
"<<balance<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<endl<<"Not enough balance";
}
}
void checkANDFine() //Function to check minimum balance
{
cout<<"Minimum balance is Rs. 2000, below that penalty of 200 will be fined.";
if (balance < 2000) //if else statement
{
balance -= 200;
cout<<endl<<"So after fine "<<c_name<<"'s current balance is = "<<balance;
}

SEM) 95 P a g e
else
{
cout<<endl<<"No penalty imposed.";
}
}
void deposite() //Function to deposit money
{
float a;
cout<<"Enter amount to deposit for "<<c_name<<" = ";
cin>>a;
balance += a;
}
void disp()
{
cout<<"Customer Name = "<<c_name<<"nType = "<<type<<"tBalance =
"<<balance;
}
};
class cur_acct:public account //Class declaration for CURRENT account
{
public:
cur_acct();
cur_acct(char a[50],int b,char c[45])
{
c_name=a;
acc_no=b;
type=c;
}
};
class sav_acct:public account //Class declaration for SAVINGS account
{
public:
sav_acct(char a[50],int b,int intrst,char[45] c="Savings")
{
c_name=a;
acc_no=b;
type=c;
interest = intrst;
}
int interest;
void disp()
{
cout<<"Customer Name = "<<c_name<<"nType = "<<type<<"tBalance =
"<<balance<<"tInterest = "<<interest;
}
void dispInterest()
{
float a = (balance*interest)/100;

SEM) 96 P a g e
balance += a;
cout<<endl<<"Interest of "<<interest<<"% "<<" on "<<c_name<<"'s balance is =
"<<a<<"tBalance = "<<balance;
}
};
{
cur_acct c1("Yashwant",101,"Current");
c1.deposite();
c1.disp();
cout<<endl<<endl;
sav_acct c2("Yamini",102,3);
c2.deposite();
c2.disp();
c2.dispInterest();
cout<<endl;
c1.withdraw();
cout<<endl;
c2.checkANDFine();
cout << endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

SEM) 97 P a g e
38.Create a class circle with data member radius; provide member
function to calculate area. Derive a class sphere from class circle;
provide member function to calculate volume. Derive class cylinder
from class sphere with additional data member for height and
member function to calculate volume.
CODING :-
#include <conio.h>
class circle //Base class definition
{
int radius; //data member
void area() //Member function to calculate area of circle
{
cout<<"Area of circle = "<<(float)(3.14*radius*radius);
}
{
cout<<"Enter the radius = ";
cin>>radius;
}
};
class sphere:public circle //intermediate class definition
{
void sp_volume() //Function to calculate volume of sphere
{
cout<<endl<<"Volume of sphere = "<<(float)((4/3)*3.14*radius*radius*radius);
}

SEM) 98 P a g e
};
class cylinder:public sphere //child class definition
{
int height;
void cy_volume() //Function to calculate volume of cylinder
{
cout<<"Volume of cylinder = "<<(float)(3.14*radius*radius*height);
}
void cy_get()
{
cout<<endl<<"Enter the height = ";
cin>>height;
}
};
{
cylinder obj; //object declaration
obj.get(); //calling function through object
obj.area();
obj.sp_volume();
obj.cy_get();
obj.cy_volume();
getch();
return 0;
}
P.T.O.

SEM) 99 P a g e
OUTPUT :-
39.Consider an example of declaring the examination result. Design
three classes:- student, exam and result. The student class has data
members such as that representing roll number, name of student.
Create the class exam, which contains data members representing
name of subject, minimum marks, maximum marks, obtained marks
for three subjects. Derive class result from both student and exam
classes. Test the result class in main function.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class Student //base class definition
{
int rollNumber; //data member
char name[50];
void inputSData() //member function to store student data
{
cout<<"Enter roll number : ";
cin>>rollNumber;
cout<<"Enter student name : ";
}
void showSData() //member function to show student data
{
cout<<"Roll Number - "<<rollNumber<<endl;
cout<<"Student Name - "<<name<<endl;
}
};
class Exam //base class definition
{
char subjectName[50]; //data member

SEM) 100 P a g e
int minMarks;
int maxMarks;
int obtMarks[3];
void inputsubData() //member function to input subject data
{
cout<<"Enter subject name : ";
cin.getline(subjectName, 50);
cout<<"Enter minimum marks: ";
cin>>minMarks;
cout<<"Enter maximum marks : ";
cin >> maxMarks;
cout<<"Enter obtained marks for three subjects : ";
{
cin>>obtMarks[i];
}
}
void showsubData() //member function to show
subject data
{
cout << "Subject Name - " << subjectName << endl;
cout << "Minimum Marks - " << minMarks << endl;
cout << "Maximum Marks - " << maxMarks << endl;
cout << "Obtained Marks - ";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << obtMarks[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
};
class Result : public Student, public Exam //multiple inheritance used here
{
private:
double totalMarks;
double averageMarks;
char grade;
public:
void calculateResult()
{
totalMarks = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

SEM) 101 P a g e
{
totalMarks += obtainedMarks[i];
}
averageMarks = totalMarks / 3;
if (averageMarks >= 90)
{
grade = 'A';
}
else if (averageMarks >= 80)
{
grade = 'B';
}
{
grade = 'C';
}
{
grade = 'D';
}
else
{
grade = 'F';
}
}
void displayResult()
{
showSData();
showsubData();
cout << "Total Marks: " << totalMarks << endl;
cout << "Average Marks: " << averageMarks << endl;
cout << "Grade: " << grade << endl;
}
};
{
clrscr();
Result studentResult; //object initialization
studentResult.inputSData();
studentResult.inputsubData();
studentResult.calculateResult();
cout<<”t -: Student Result :- “<<endl;
studentResult.displayResult();
getch();
return 0;

SEM) 102 P a g e
}
OUTPUT :-
P.T.O.
yashwant
yashwant

SEM) 103 P a g e
VIRTUAL AND PURE VIRTUAL FUNCTION
40.Create a base class shape having two data members with two
member function getdata (pure virtual function) and printarea (not
pure virtual function). Derive classes triangle and rectangle from
class shape and redefine member functioning of classes using
pointer to base class objects and normal objects.
CODING :-
#include<conio.h>
class shape // Class Definition
{
int a,b; //data member
virtual void getdata()=0; //Pure virtual function
virtual void printarea() //Virtual function
{
cout<<"Area = "<<a*b;
}
};
class triangle : public shape // hierarchical inheritance used here
{
void getdata() //Overriding Pure Virtual Function
{
cout<<"Enter two values triangle - "<<endl;
cin>>a>>b;
}
void printarea() //Function overriding
{
cout<<"Area = "<<(float)a*b*0.5;
}
};
class rectangle:public shape // hierarchical inheritance used
here
{
void getdata()
{
Cout<<endl<<"Enter two values for rectangle - "<<endl;
cin>>a>>b;
}
};
{

SEM) 104 P a g e
triangle t1; //object declaration of class
shape *bptr = &t1; //Base class pointer
bptr->getdata(); // function call using base class
pointer
bptr->printarea();
rectangle r1; //object declaration
bptr = &r1;
(*bptr).getdata(); //Dereferencing base class pointer
(*bptr).printarea();
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :-

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