The study examined the relationship between dysregulated fear behavior in toddlers and risk of developing anxiety symptoms later in development. 111 toddlers between 24-30 months were observed in contexts designed to elicit different levels of fear/withdrawal. Toddlers who showed high fear in low-threat contexts ("dysregulated fear") had higher parent-reported anxiety concurrently and at ages 3, 4, and 5. Dysregulated toddlers also showed less social engagement with peers in kindergarten. Growth curve analyses found dysregulated toddlers did not show the typical increase in surgency from ages 3-6. Maternal approach personality moderated trajectories, with less decrease in negative affect for children of less approachable mothers.
Adaptive Pathways for the Future: Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge a...kirsty
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Adaptive Pathways for the Future: Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge and Climate Change - a presentation given at the 2010 International Climate Change Adaptation Conference (Gold Coast, Australia | 29 Jun-1 Jul 2010).
Link to background paper will be uploaded shortly. If you would like a copy of the presentation, please contact me directly.
Childrenâs Negative Emotions and Ego-ResiliencyLongitudinal.docxchristinemaritza
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Childrenâs Negative Emotions and Ego-Resiliency:
Longitudinal Relations With Social Competence
Zoe E. Taylor
Purdue University
Nancy Eisenberg, Sarah K. VanSchyndel,
Natalie D. Eggum-Wilkens, and Tracy L. Spinrad
Arizona State University
We examined the relations of negative emotions in toddlerhood to the development of ego-resiliency and
social competence across early childhood. Specifically, we addressed whether fear and anger/frustration
in 30-month-old children (N ïżœ 213) was associated with the development of ego-resiliency across 4 time
points (42 to 84 months), and, in turn, whether ego-resiliency predicted social competence at 84 months.
Child anger/frustration negatively predicted the intercept of ego-resiliency at 42 months (controlling for
prior ego-resiliency at 18 months) as well as the slope. Fear did not significantly predict either the
intercept or slope of ego-resiliency in the structural model, although it was positively correlated with
anger/frustration and was negatively related to ego-resiliency in zero-order correlations. The slope of
ego-resiliency was positively related to childrenâs social competence at 84 months; however, the intercept
of ego-resiliency (set at 42 months) was not a significant predictor of later social competence. Further-
more, the slope of ego-resiliency mediated the relations between anger/frustration and childrenâs later
social competence. The results suggest that individual differences in anger/frustration might contribute
to the development of ego-resiliency, which, in turn, is associated with childrenâs social competence.
Keywords: ego-resiliency, anger/frustration, fear, social competence, negative emotionality
How children cope with and adjust to new experiences and
challenges has important implications for their social-emotional
development. Ego-resiliency is a dispositional trait that reflects
how individuals adapt to environmental stress, uncertainty, con-
flict, and change (Block & Block, 1980). An ego-resilient individ-
ual is skilled at adapting to changing circumstances, can shift
behavior as needed, is resourceful and persistent, and uses
problem-solving strategies flexibly. In contrast, a nonresilient in-
dividual is disquieted by new and changing circumstances, tends to
brood and worry, goes to pieces under stress, and has difficulty
recouping after traumatic experiences (Block & Block, 1980,
2006). In early childhood, ego-resiliency is evident in how well
children are able to express affect in a situationally appropriate
manner or find comfort when needed, how well they equilibrate
physiological responses, and whether they are organized, persis-
tent, and flexible when encountering challenges and stressors
(Arend, Gove, & Sroufe, 1979; Block & Block, 1980). Individual
differences in ego-resiliency can be observed early in life (Block &
Block, 1980) and appear to be fairly stable across early childhood
(Taylor, Eisenberg, Spinrad, & Widaman, 2013). Furthermore, it is
likely th ...
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Volume 31, pages 485â497 (2005)
Stability of Aggressive Behavior from
Childhood to Middle Age in Women and Men
Katja Kokko* and Lea Pulkkinen
Department of Psychology, University of JyvaÌskylaÌ, JyvaÌskylaÌ, Finland
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of aggression from childhood to middle age in
women and men. The participants were drawn from the Finnish JyvaÌskylaÌ Longitudinal Study of
Personality and Social Development, where aggression in 145 women and 154 men was assessed at ages
8, 14, 36, and 42. Data were collected at ages 8 and 14 by teacher ratings and peer nominations, and at
ages 36 and 42 by self-ratings on aggression. The stability of aggression from childhood to middle
adulthood was tested using three different LISREL models: a simplex model; a model linking
aggression at age 8 to age 14 to a latent adult aggression variable (ages 36 and 42); and a model linking
a latent childhood aggression variable (ages 8 and 14) to a latent adult variable. The simplex model did
not fit the data, but the other two models showed that there was significant stability in aggression from
childhood to adulthood. When ages 8 and 14 data were separately analyzed, it was found that, in both
women and men, aggression was quite stable from age 8 to 14 and, again, from age 14 to adulthood. In
men, aggression at age 8 also directly contributed to aggression in adulthood, explaining the fact that
the overall stability of aggression from childhood to adulthood was higher in men than in women.
However, when latent variables for child measures and for adult measures of aggression were formed,
high stability (estimate .42) was observed in both genders; aggression at age 8 to 14 explained 18% of
the variance of adult aggression. Aggr. Behav. 31:485â497, 2005. r 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Keywords: aggression; stability; gender difference
The stability of aggression over a long time period has been little studied. One exception is the
U.S. Columbia County Longitudinal Study (CCLS) [Lefkowitz et al., 1977], in which the
correlational findings showed that, in men, physical aggression at age 8 (peer-rated) was
moderately stable to physical aggression at age 30 (self-rated; r = .25) [Huesmann et al.,
1984] and weakly stable from age 8 to severe physical aggression at age 48 (r = .15) [Dubow
Portions of this paper were presented at the XVth World Meeting of the International Society for Research on
Aggression, MontreÌal, Canada, 2002.
Grant support: Academy of Finland, Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme, 2000â2005; Grant number: 44858;
Grant support: Academy of Finland; Grant number: 55289
*Correspondence to: Katja Kokko, University of JyvaÌskylaÌ, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 35 (Agora), 40014
University of JyvaÌskylaÌ Finland. E-mail: [email protected]
Received 13 October 2003.
A Conceptual Analysis of Correlates of Domestic Violence and Adolescent Risky...AJHSSR Journal
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ABSTRACT: The study explores domestic violence and how it influences adolescent risky behavior.
Domestic violence is a devastating social problem resulting in significant and enduring effects on children,
threatening both their health and emotional well-being. The study aimed at examining the relationships between
domestic Violence and Psychological Empowerment, Domestic Violence and Self-esteem, psychological
Empowerment and Self-Regulation, Self Esteem and Psychological empowerment, Self-Esteem and Selfregulation, Self-Regulation and Adolescent Risky Behavior and identify the stronger predictor of self-regulation
between psychological empowerment and Self-esteem. Adolescent respondents who experienced domestic
violence were purposely selected and guided by teachers and administrators who had provided support to these
children.The questionnaire had six sections namely; personal information, the Child Exposure to Domestic
Violence Scale, the Psychological empowerment scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Inventory, and the Brief
Self-Control Scale. Data analysis employed Pearson's product-moment correlation (r) to test hypotheses 1,
2,3,4,5, and 6. Regression analysis was used for hypothesis 7.The results show a significant relationship
between domestic Violence and Psychological Empowerment, Domestic Violence and Self-esteem,
psychological Empowerment and Self-Regulation, Self Esteem and Psychological empowerment, Self-Esteem
and Self-regulation, Self-Regulation, and Adolescent Risky Behavior. The study documents that Psychological
empowerment is a stronger predictor of self-regulation than Self-esteem.
KEYWORDS:Domestic violence, psychological empowerment, self-regulation, and Adolescent risky behavior
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganongâs Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
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This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
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As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Departmentâs official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2â3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4â5 criteria; severe AUD: 6â11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
13. Q1. Fear Groups and Concurrent Anxious Symptoms F (1, 40) = 7.86, p < .01 F (1, 33) = 1.41, n.s. High fear in the high threat, Spider, episode is not associated with anxiety, BUT high fear in the low threat, Clown, episode is associated with anxiety.
14.
15. Q2. Predicting Anxious Behavior in Kindergarten for Dysregulated Fear Toddlers (n = 50) Proportion of fear behavior in Clown predicted Social Withdrawal. r = .27, p < .05
16. Q2. Preliminary Kindergarten Outcomes (n = 50) Average fear behavior was moderately stable from the 24-month visit to the first kindergarten visit r = .36, p < .05 No evidence for greater stability at the extremes.
17.
18. Q3. Growth curves for maternal-reported temperament Negative Affect decreases from age 3 to age 6 while Surgency increases. There were no moderating influences of gender.
19. Q3. Dysregulated Fear Moderates the Surgency Trajectory Surgency does not increase for toddlers showing high fear in the Clown episode.
20. Q4. Mother Approach Personality Moderates the Negative Affect Trajectory Negative Affect does not decrease for children whose mothers are low in Positive Affect and Approach personality.
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