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BUSI 301
Book Review Rubric
Score
Comments
Research: 25 Points Possible
Appropriate research demonstrated by the use of scholarly,
academic sources. Primary sources used whenever possible and
appropriate supplemented with high quality secondary sources.
0
Bad
Failing
Poor
Average
Good
Excellent
Perfect
0
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
of 25
Writing: 25 Points Possible
Writing level appropriate for 300-level course. Appropriate
word selection, organization, flow of thought, transition,
grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc. Clear and understandable,
communicating well with reader.
0
Bad
Failing
Poor
Average
Good
Excellent
Perfect
0
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
of 25
Content: 40 Points Possible
Length of Book Review appropriate. Demonstration of
interaction with and mastery of subject matter including
development of ideas, interaction with and integration of
scholarly research, integration of biblical worldview, etc.
Author’s main theme(s) articulated clearly. Interaction with
main points evident. Agreement/Disagreement with author’s
point of view supported by well-reasoned arguments.
0
Bad
Failing
Poor
Average
Good
Excellent
Perfect
0
20
24
28
32
36
40
of 40
Format and Style: 10 Points Possible
Overall appearance and style of the paper. Conformity with
APA to the extent appropriate.
0
Bad
Failing
Poor
Average
Good
Excellent
Perfect
0
5
6
7
8
9
10
of 10
Final Total of 100
Bad
Does not evidence a good faith attempt to complete the
assignment. Does not meet minimums in any significant way.
Failing
Significantly falls short of minimum expectations for the
assignment.
Poor
Does not satisfy minimum expectations for the assignment.
Average
Satisfies minimum expectations for the assignment without
additional positive elements such as additional scholarly
sources, additional posts, very insightful comments that advance
the overall discussion, etc.
Good
Exceeds minimums expectations for the assignment in some
ways.
Excellent
Significantly exceeds minimum expectations for the assignment
in many areas.
Perfect
Ostensibly exceeds minimum expectations for the assignment in
all ways. Need for improvement of assignment is not evident in
any way.
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 1
ITEC 200 Practice Lab
Writing Database Queries
INTRODUCTION
This assignment is a hands-on tutorial on how to prepare
queries to retrieve the information you need
from a database. You will be using only one Structured Query
Language (SQL) command: SELECT. The
SELECT command is the most useful SQL command to learn
because it allows you to extract just about
any information you may need from a database.
DUE BEFORE you walk into the lab- THIS is the PRE-LAB
Skim all the instructions in this handout carefully before the lab
session. Notice the Tour and the
Technical Notes on Queries
1. Download database. You need to download the database from
Bb. Put it on your G drive or your
flash drive. If you mess up later you can always download a
clean copy from Bb.
2. It is useful to print these instructions including forms and
tables.
3. Security. MS Access will likely open immediately and you
must do two things before you attempt to
work with the database. You will notice two warnings
immediately below the Microsoft Access
Ribbon. First, on the line that says “Security Warning”, click
Enable, then click “Enable this Content”
and “OK”. Second, where it says “Read Only” click “Save As”
and save the file to your G Drive or
flash.
4. Open. Once you download this database file, run MS Access
in your computer. Click on the
“File” Button, then select "Open", and then find this file in your
MISClass folder in your G
drive and open the database file.
5. Navigation. Select the top tab on your left task bar
to click on All Access Objects. This will help
you easily navigate all queries, forms, reports, etc…
that the Access file contain.
6. Inspect. Once you open the lab database file,
familiarize yourself with all the tables that contain
the data. Under the “Tables” tab, open each table
and inspect its contents.
WRITING A SIMPLE TEST QUERY
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 2
Before you work on the actual lab
queries, let's write a simple test query to
give you some practice and to show you
how to write queries in MS Access.
Select “Create”, this is where you will
create new queries, forms, reports, etc
Getting into SQL: the workaround: For some strange reason, MS
Access does not
provide a direct option to write SQL queries. So, we have to do
this the long way with a workaround.
Select "Query Design" option. This will place you in the visual
query design facility provided by MS
Access to write queries using "Query by Example (QBE)". We
won't be using this method, but if
you were writing QBE queries you would select the tables you
need here and then prepare your queries
visually. So, please close the "Show Table" dialog box by
clicking on the "X" (to re-open this
dialog box, right-click on the design screen and select "Show
Table"). To open the SQL screen, you
can either right-click on the design screen and select "SQL
View" or click on the "SQL" icon on the
top left of the screen. If you don't see the "SQL" icon, click on
the scrollable list on the top left and select
"SQL View".
Your first SQL, just one line:
Once you open the SQL screen, you will see the word
“SELECT;” written there by default. Write a
little test query like this:
SELECT * FROM Clients;
l records in the Clients
table. The * tells Access to show
everything.
-colon tells Access that it is the end of the SQL
command; ensure that the semi-colon is
at the end of the SQL command; if you type anything to the
right of the semi-colon Access will
ignore it.
Close the SQL screen by clicking on the "X". MS Access will
ask you if you want to save this query. Say
Yes and name it "Test". Once you have written the query, you
can run the query in several ways: (1)
you can double click on the query; (2) From SQL view, simply
click on the red exclamation mark; or (3)
from within the Query Design click on the scrollable list icon
on the top left and select "Datasheet View".
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 3
Taking a Tour Of The Database That You
Will Use
Your queries will retrieve data from a simple order entry
database
that tracks all client order activities in a database. The database
has 5
tables. Notice that a) table and field names are unique, so that
you can reference them unambiguously,
and b) tables and field names do not contain blank spaces).
The actual data is small here and displayed on the next page.
Clients This table contains 1 record (row) for each client. It
contains the following fields:
ClientID, ClientName, Address, City, State, ZipCode and
Telephone. The ClientID field
contains a client ID which uniquely identifies each client (i.e.,
each record). [Aside: the field(s) that uniquely
identify a record in a table is called the "primary key"]
Products This table contains one record (row) for each product
that the company sells, which
contains data about the product recorded in these fields:
ProdID, ProdName, ProdDescription,
and Price. The ProdID field contains a product code that
uniquely identifies each product. The data
recorded in the remaining fields are self-explanatory.
Orders: This table contains one record (row) for every order
placed by your customers. It contains
the following fields: OrderNo, ClientID, OrderDate,
OrderDescription, OrderStatus
and DeliveryDueDate. The OrderNo field is a sequential number
that uniquely identifies an order
(have you ever called a company to check the status of an order
you placed? they probably asked you to
give them an order number). The ClientID is the ID of the client
who placed an order. A client ID listed in
the orders table must exist in the Clients table [Aside: it does.
When data in a field in one table needs to exist
in another table, we call it a "foreign key"].
Note that an order may be placed to purchase more than one
item (e.g., when you order a computer
from Dell you may also have included in the same order a flat
monitor, a router, a scanner and a printer).
So, we keep the corresponding line item details in a separate
table below.
LineItems This table contains 1 record (row) for every line item
of every order placed. Each line
item specifies a product and quantity ordered. The same product
cannot appear in more than 1 line item
in the same order (i.e., if you buy 2 identical computers you
will only see one line item with a quantity of
2). The table contains the following fields: OrderNo, LineItem,
ProdID, and Qty. The OrderNo field
contains the order number in which the line item belongs. The
LineItem field is a sequential number
starting with 1 for the first line item in the order, 2 for the
second, and so on. The OrderNo and
LineItem fields jointly and uniquely identify each line item
recorded in every order
ClientComm This table keeps track of the history of client
contact. It contains record in which
salespeople record notes and comments about every contact t so
all the client contact history is
available to the entire company. It contains the following fields:
ClientID, Date and Comment. Note
that because clients can call many times, there may be many
entries for a given client. Therefore, the
ClientID and Date (includes a time stamp) fields jointly and
uniquely identify each comment entered
about every client [i.e., a dual primary key].
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 4
Clients
ClientID ClientName Address City State ZipCode Telephone
alberto Espinosa, Alberto Old Albe Road Bethesda MD
20817 3018851958
carmel Carmel, Erran Seven River Rd Washington DC 20016
3013334444
melander Melander, Nicole Rockville Pike Rockville MD
20776 3012223333
glee Lee, Gwanhoo Wizard Lane Fairfax VA 26777
2028851958
klein Klein, Jill Kleinhill Road Potomac MD 20088
7034445555
Orders
OrderNo ClientID OrderDate OrderDescription OrderStatus
DeliveryDu
eDate
990001 alberto 6/7/2007 Computer System Top Priority
6/10/2007
990002 carmel 6/7/2007 Another System Medium Priority
6/11/2007
990003 melander 6/7/2007 More Systems Low Priority
6/24/2007
990005 klein 6/7/2007 Monitors and Keyboards Top Priority
6/7/2007
990004 glee 6/7/2007 Only CPUs Medium Priority 6/11/2007
Products
ProdID ProdName ProdDescription Price
comp Computer Computer Box 1999.98
keyb Keyboard Ergonomic Keyboard 119.98
monit Monitor Computer Display 374.85
mou Mouse 3 Button Mouse 44.85
prt Printer Laser Printer 443.98
LineItems
OrderNo LineItem ProdID Qty
990001 1 comp 10
990001 2 monit 10
990001 3 keyb 12
990001 4 mou 12
990002 1 comp 20
990002 2 monit 22
990003 1 comp 15
990003 2 keyb 16
990004 1 comp 50
990005 1 monit 12
990005 2 keyb 12
ClientComm
ClientID Date Comments
alberto 6/7/2007 This client acts like he has a lot of money,
but he's really broke
alberto 6/8/2007 Client called to complain about nothing.
Ignore him next time, needs vacation
carmel 6/10/2007 Called again to order music, but we only sell
computers. …probably teaching 2 much
klein 6/7/2007 Called to get specs on monitor. Please send out
glee 6/8/2007 This client acts like he is broke, but he keeps
purchasing lots of stuff
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 5
TECHNICAL NOTES ABOUT WRITING QUERIES
SQL. Once you learn SQL you can use it with any DBMS. For
example, if you have invested many hours
building queries for an MS Access database, and your company
decides to change its database platform
to Oracle, you can simply port and run the same queries in
Oracle (because they are "standard").
Furthermore, many programming and web scripting languages
allow you to embed SQL queries in programs or
web pages so that you can retrieve data from a database to
display in dynamically generated web pages (we will
talk about this in class later on).
Queries in MS Access:
Once you start MS Access and retrieve the database file for this
assignment, click on the “Create”
button. Queries in MS Access are saved with a name for future
use. This is very convenient because
often times you need to run the same query over and over again.
To create a new query click on the
“Query Design”. This will open MS Access' version of QBE
(Access calls it "Design View"). You will
see how easy it is to move from/to Design View (i.e., QBE)
to/from the SQL view. In fact, an easy way
to start building your SQL queries is to first use the Design
View and then switch to SQL view. Before you
start with the assignment you may want to test a few QBE
queries just to see how they work.
Entering, Saving and Running SQL Queries
To type a query, first click on the ”Create” button on top; this is
where you will create new queries,
forms, reports, etc… in the future. Under the ”Queries” tab on
your left pane is where you can view
and access your queries. Right now there should be no queries.
Unfortunately, and strangely, MS Access
doesn't have a direct way to bring you into the SQL query view,
so we have to use a convoluted way
through the Design View (but you will get used to it quickly).
Now open the Design View, by clicking on the “Query Design”
button (with the little square ruler).
When you see a dialog box called "Show Table", click "Close".
Now you will see the Design View
(or QBE). You will notice a button on the left top corner labeled
"SQL". Click on that button and the SQL
editing box will open. If you want to go to Design view click on
the little squared ruler. You can go back
and forth. Now click on the little scrollable icon under SQL or
under Design icon. You will notice that you
can switch to a number of views. We are only interested in the
SQL, Design and Datasheet views at this
point.
To run (execute) a query, you can just double click on the actual
queries (left pane, under the
“Queries” tab). If you are editing a query and you want to test
it, simply click on the exclamation
mark ! icon or simply switch to “Datasheet View” by clicking
on the little scrollable icon on the top
left corner under SQL.
Once you are happy with your query, click on the X mark on the
top right corner of the query editing
box. MS Access will prompt you for a query name. Enter the
query name and click OK to save it.
we suggest that you first write your queries by hand using the
form on the next page The
challenge of SQL queries is figuring out what to write where.
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 6
From hereon is DUE AT THE END OF THE LAB session to be
checked and graded.
You need to write 8 queries during the lab session: 4 simple
queries, and 4 complex queries that
join 2 tables.
When you finish all your queries run each of the 8 queries and
leave them open so that we can review
them and check you off quickly.
Types of Queries
Queries can be simple (query one table) and complex with joins
(query more
than one table), or even more complex (queries with aggregates
and grouping,
queries within queries or nested queries; querying a table more
than once in the
same query, etc.). For this class, you will only be working with
simple and complex
queries with 2 tables. It is important to note that there can be
more than one
solution for each query.
RAM’s RULE #1 of database: query the MINIMUM number of
tables possible
for each query. In other words, if all your query results can
come from a single
table, you should not query 2 or more tables. You will only
query 2 tables in our
work in this class. But it is common to query 3 or more tables.
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 7
SQL
SELECT
Command
Syntax:
SELECT
FROM
WHERE
AND
ORDER BY
The columns (and/or column expressions) you want
The tables that contain the data
Condition to filter the rows you want
Another condition, if any
The column you want to use for sorting
Example:
SELECT EmployeeName, Salary*1.20 AS NewSalary (resulting
column name)
FROM Employees WHERE CompanyID = “IBM”
AND DeptID = “FIN”
ORDER BY EmployeeName
SELECT
FROM
WHERE
AND
ORDER BY
SELECT
FROM
WHERE
AND
ORDER BY
SELECT
FROM
WHERE
AND
ORDER BY
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 8
Q
6
(
2
t
ab
le
s)
Find out how much money your computer orders are making.
List all order numbers, line
items, product names, quantities ordered, unit price (Price), and
total price (Qty*Price) for
the ProductID = "comp" (enclose comp in quotations here too).
Note: you can use not only
single fields in a query column, but also full expressions like
Qty*Price. When you do this, MS
Access will assign an ugly name for the corresponding column
(e.g., expr1). However, you
can give this column a more meaningful name using the "AS"
clause (e.g., Qty*Price AS
TotalPrice). Tip: you need to join two tables for this query
(Products and LineItems) because
part of the information is available the Products table only (e.g.,
Price) and other information
is available in the LineItems table only (e.g., Qty).
Q
7
(
2
t
ab
le
s)
Run a similar query to query 3 above, but this time let's also list
the Client Name (i.e., if you
need to use this query for a management report you need to
include client names, not just
client IDs). So, please display the client ID, client name and
comments entered for the client
with an ID = "alberto". Tip: the difference between this query
and item 3 above is that you
need to join the ClientComm table with the Clients table (so
that you can get the client name
from the Clients table).
Q
8
(
2
ta
b
le
s)
Since we keep track of orders and the line items for these orders
in separate tables, lets
build a query that gives us a complete view of all orders and
their respective line items. List
all orders, client ID, line item numbers, product ID and
quantities ordered in all line items in
all orders. Tip: you need to join the Orders and the LineItems
tables.
Queries that you will write in the lab session
Q1 Retrieve client information for Jill Klein. List the client ID,
client name, state and zip code for
the client with an ID of "klein" (note: you need to enclose
"klein" in quotations for queries
like this that involve text strings).
Q2 Get a list of our highly priced products. Display the product
ID, product name and price for
all products priced over $200.
Q3 Find out which notes and comments have been entered for
Alberto Espinosa. Display the
client ID and all the comments entered for a client with an ID of
"alberto".
Q4 Show all the transactions (meaning lines) where a computer
was purchased (“comp”). In this
query show me Order#, ProdID, Qty
Q
5
(2
t
ab
le
s)
Same as Q4 but this time make more elegant by accessing full
descriptions. Show these
fields : order#, prodID, product description, price, quantity
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 9
SQL Simple Query Syntax (columns can be retrieved from a
single table)
Note: the keywords or conditions in brackets [ ] are optional
SELECT [*] [DISTICT] [TOP n] [BOTTOM n] field1, field2,
field formula [AS name], etc.
FROM tablename
[WHERE condition1]
[AND condition 2, etc.]
[ORDER BY field1, field2 [DESC][ASC]]
The (mandatory) SELECT line has a list of fields or columns to
display in the results query (e.g., Qty,
Price) but it can also contain formulas combining columns (e.g.
Qty * Price).
se the AS keyword if you want to give a specific name to
the formula (e.g. Qty * Price AS
TotalPrice)
tables you are querying
(reduces your typing)
ate rows from your query
results, if any
queries) to list only the top n
records from the result (e.g., SELECT TOP 5 EmployeeName,
Salary FROM
Employees ORDER BY Salary DESC)
The (mandatory) FROM line has the name of the table that
contains the SELECT fields you want to
retrieve in your query
The (optional) WHERE line contains the condition that allows
you to filter which records get displayed
(e.g., WHERE Salary>100000). If you have more than condition
you can use the AND keyword to
add more conditions (e.g., WHERE Salary>100000 AND
State="NY").
The (optional) ORDER BY line contains the fields you want to
use for sorting. By default, the query
will sort in ascending order, but you can include the DESC
keyword if you want it sorted in descending
order (e.g. SELECT EmployeeName, Salary FROM Employees
ORDER BY Salary DESC). You
can use more than one field to sort (e.g. SELECT CompanyID,
EmployeeName FROM Employees
ORDER BY CompanyID, EmployeeName -- will list employees
sorted by their company ID's and by
their name, within each company ID)
ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 10
SQL Complex Query Syntax (columns need to be retrieved from
MORE THAN 1 TABLE)
SELECT [*] [DISTICT] [TOP n] [BOTTOM n] field1, field2,
field formula [AS name], etc.
FROM tablename1, tablename2, etc.
WHERE tablename1.commonfield = tablename2.commonfield -
-- this is the JOIN condition
[AND otherconditions, etc.]
[ORDER BY field1, field2 [DESC][ASC]]
This works just like the simple queries, except that:
You MUST specify the JOIN condition in the WHERE line. For
example, if the Employees table
needs to be joined with the Companies table, and the common
field in these two tables is
CompanyID, the line WHERE should read:
WHERE Employees.CompanyID = Companies.CompanyID.
WARNING: if you omit this join condition you will obtain a
TABLE PRODUCT, which is NOT
what you want. A table product will combine every single row
of tablename1 with every single row of
tablename2.
If any of the fields in the SELECT line exist in both tables
listed in the FROM line, you must
resolve this ambiguity by specifying the table from which the
data will be retrieved by prefixing the
field name with the table name and a period (e.g., SELECT
EmployeeName, CompanyName,
Companies.CompanyID FROM Employees WHERE
Employees.CompanyID =
Companies.CompanyID).
Once you have read the book then in your 5 page review, you
should briefly articulate the author’s main positions or themes
and then interact with them. That is, choose one or two main
points that you agree with and/or one or two in which you do
not agree, supporting your thoughts with well-reasoned
arguments.
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BUSI 301 Book Review RubricScoreCommentsResearch 25.docx

  • 1. BUSI 301 Book Review Rubric Score Comments Research: 25 Points Possible Appropriate research demonstrated by the use of scholarly, academic sources. Primary sources used whenever possible and appropriate supplemented with high quality secondary sources. 0
  • 2. Bad Failing Poor Average Good Excellent Perfect 0 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 of 25 Writing: 25 Points Possible Writing level appropriate for 300-level course. Appropriate word selection, organization, flow of thought, transition, grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc. Clear and understandable, communicating well with reader. 0 Bad Failing Poor Average
  • 3. Good Excellent Perfect 0 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 of 25 Content: 40 Points Possible Length of Book Review appropriate. Demonstration of interaction with and mastery of subject matter including development of ideas, interaction with and integration of scholarly research, integration of biblical worldview, etc. Author’s main theme(s) articulated clearly. Interaction with main points evident. Agreement/Disagreement with author’s point of view supported by well-reasoned arguments. 0 Bad Failing Poor Average Good Excellent
  • 4. Perfect 0 20 24 28 32 36 40 of 40 Format and Style: 10 Points Possible Overall appearance and style of the paper. Conformity with APA to the extent appropriate. 0 Bad Failing Poor Average Good Excellent Perfect 0 5
  • 5. 6 7 8 9 10 of 10 Final Total of 100 Bad Does not evidence a good faith attempt to complete the assignment. Does not meet minimums in any significant way. Failing Significantly falls short of minimum expectations for the assignment. Poor Does not satisfy minimum expectations for the assignment. Average Satisfies minimum expectations for the assignment without additional positive elements such as additional scholarly sources, additional posts, very insightful comments that advance the overall discussion, etc. Good Exceeds minimums expectations for the assignment in some ways. Excellent Significantly exceeds minimum expectations for the assignment in many areas. Perfect Ostensibly exceeds minimum expectations for the assignment in all ways. Need for improvement of assignment is not evident in
  • 6. any way. ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 1 ITEC 200 Practice Lab Writing Database Queries INTRODUCTION This assignment is a hands-on tutorial on how to prepare queries to retrieve the information you need from a database. You will be using only one Structured Query Language (SQL) command: SELECT. The SELECT command is the most useful SQL command to learn because it allows you to extract just about any information you may need from a database. DUE BEFORE you walk into the lab- THIS is the PRE-LAB Skim all the instructions in this handout carefully before the lab session. Notice the Tour and the Technical Notes on Queries 1. Download database. You need to download the database from Bb. Put it on your G drive or your flash drive. If you mess up later you can always download a clean copy from Bb. 2. It is useful to print these instructions including forms and tables.
  • 7. 3. Security. MS Access will likely open immediately and you must do two things before you attempt to work with the database. You will notice two warnings immediately below the Microsoft Access Ribbon. First, on the line that says “Security Warning”, click Enable, then click “Enable this Content” and “OK”. Second, where it says “Read Only” click “Save As” and save the file to your G Drive or flash. 4. Open. Once you download this database file, run MS Access in your computer. Click on the “File” Button, then select "Open", and then find this file in your MISClass folder in your G drive and open the database file. 5. Navigation. Select the top tab on your left task bar to click on All Access Objects. This will help you easily navigate all queries, forms, reports, etc… that the Access file contain. 6. Inspect. Once you open the lab database file, familiarize yourself with all the tables that contain the data. Under the “Tables” tab, open each table and inspect its contents. WRITING A SIMPLE TEST QUERY
  • 8. ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 2 Before you work on the actual lab queries, let's write a simple test query to give you some practice and to show you how to write queries in MS Access. Select “Create”, this is where you will create new queries, forms, reports, etc Getting into SQL: the workaround: For some strange reason, MS Access does not provide a direct option to write SQL queries. So, we have to do this the long way with a workaround. Select "Query Design" option. This will place you in the visual query design facility provided by MS Access to write queries using "Query by Example (QBE)". We won't be using this method, but if you were writing QBE queries you would select the tables you need here and then prepare your queries visually. So, please close the "Show Table" dialog box by clicking on the "X" (to re-open this dialog box, right-click on the design screen and select "Show
  • 9. Table"). To open the SQL screen, you can either right-click on the design screen and select "SQL View" or click on the "SQL" icon on the top left of the screen. If you don't see the "SQL" icon, click on the scrollable list on the top left and select "SQL View". Your first SQL, just one line: Once you open the SQL screen, you will see the word “SELECT;” written there by default. Write a little test query like this: SELECT * FROM Clients; l records in the Clients table. The * tells Access to show everything. -colon tells Access that it is the end of the SQL command; ensure that the semi-colon is at the end of the SQL command; if you type anything to the right of the semi-colon Access will ignore it. Close the SQL screen by clicking on the "X". MS Access will ask you if you want to save this query. Say Yes and name it "Test". Once you have written the query, you
  • 10. can run the query in several ways: (1) you can double click on the query; (2) From SQL view, simply click on the red exclamation mark; or (3) from within the Query Design click on the scrollable list icon on the top left and select "Datasheet View". ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 3 Taking a Tour Of The Database That You Will Use Your queries will retrieve data from a simple order entry database that tracks all client order activities in a database. The database has 5 tables. Notice that a) table and field names are unique, so that you can reference them unambiguously, and b) tables and field names do not contain blank spaces). The actual data is small here and displayed on the next page. Clients This table contains 1 record (row) for each client. It contains the following fields: ClientID, ClientName, Address, City, State, ZipCode and Telephone. The ClientID field contains a client ID which uniquely identifies each client (i.e., each record). [Aside: the field(s) that uniquely identify a record in a table is called the "primary key"] Products This table contains one record (row) for each product
  • 11. that the company sells, which contains data about the product recorded in these fields: ProdID, ProdName, ProdDescription, and Price. The ProdID field contains a product code that uniquely identifies each product. The data recorded in the remaining fields are self-explanatory. Orders: This table contains one record (row) for every order placed by your customers. It contains the following fields: OrderNo, ClientID, OrderDate, OrderDescription, OrderStatus and DeliveryDueDate. The OrderNo field is a sequential number that uniquely identifies an order (have you ever called a company to check the status of an order you placed? they probably asked you to give them an order number). The ClientID is the ID of the client who placed an order. A client ID listed in the orders table must exist in the Clients table [Aside: it does. When data in a field in one table needs to exist in another table, we call it a "foreign key"]. Note that an order may be placed to purchase more than one item (e.g., when you order a computer from Dell you may also have included in the same order a flat monitor, a router, a scanner and a printer). So, we keep the corresponding line item details in a separate table below. LineItems This table contains 1 record (row) for every line item of every order placed. Each line item specifies a product and quantity ordered. The same product
  • 12. cannot appear in more than 1 line item in the same order (i.e., if you buy 2 identical computers you will only see one line item with a quantity of 2). The table contains the following fields: OrderNo, LineItem, ProdID, and Qty. The OrderNo field contains the order number in which the line item belongs. The LineItem field is a sequential number starting with 1 for the first line item in the order, 2 for the second, and so on. The OrderNo and LineItem fields jointly and uniquely identify each line item recorded in every order ClientComm This table keeps track of the history of client contact. It contains record in which salespeople record notes and comments about every contact t so all the client contact history is available to the entire company. It contains the following fields: ClientID, Date and Comment. Note that because clients can call many times, there may be many entries for a given client. Therefore, the ClientID and Date (includes a time stamp) fields jointly and uniquely identify each comment entered about every client [i.e., a dual primary key]. ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 4 Clients
  • 13. ClientID ClientName Address City State ZipCode Telephone alberto Espinosa, Alberto Old Albe Road Bethesda MD 20817 3018851958 carmel Carmel, Erran Seven River Rd Washington DC 20016 3013334444 melander Melander, Nicole Rockville Pike Rockville MD 20776 3012223333 glee Lee, Gwanhoo Wizard Lane Fairfax VA 26777 2028851958 klein Klein, Jill Kleinhill Road Potomac MD 20088 7034445555 Orders OrderNo ClientID OrderDate OrderDescription OrderStatus DeliveryDu eDate 990001 alberto 6/7/2007 Computer System Top Priority 6/10/2007 990002 carmel 6/7/2007 Another System Medium Priority 6/11/2007 990003 melander 6/7/2007 More Systems Low Priority 6/24/2007 990005 klein 6/7/2007 Monitors and Keyboards Top Priority 6/7/2007
  • 14. 990004 glee 6/7/2007 Only CPUs Medium Priority 6/11/2007 Products ProdID ProdName ProdDescription Price comp Computer Computer Box 1999.98 keyb Keyboard Ergonomic Keyboard 119.98 monit Monitor Computer Display 374.85 mou Mouse 3 Button Mouse 44.85 prt Printer Laser Printer 443.98 LineItems OrderNo LineItem ProdID Qty 990001 1 comp 10 990001 2 monit 10 990001 3 keyb 12 990001 4 mou 12 990002 1 comp 20 990002 2 monit 22 990003 1 comp 15 990003 2 keyb 16
  • 15. 990004 1 comp 50 990005 1 monit 12 990005 2 keyb 12 ClientComm ClientID Date Comments alberto 6/7/2007 This client acts like he has a lot of money, but he's really broke alberto 6/8/2007 Client called to complain about nothing. Ignore him next time, needs vacation carmel 6/10/2007 Called again to order music, but we only sell computers. …probably teaching 2 much klein 6/7/2007 Called to get specs on monitor. Please send out glee 6/8/2007 This client acts like he is broke, but he keeps purchasing lots of stuff ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 5 TECHNICAL NOTES ABOUT WRITING QUERIES SQL. Once you learn SQL you can use it with any DBMS. For example, if you have invested many hours
  • 16. building queries for an MS Access database, and your company decides to change its database platform to Oracle, you can simply port and run the same queries in Oracle (because they are "standard"). Furthermore, many programming and web scripting languages allow you to embed SQL queries in programs or web pages so that you can retrieve data from a database to display in dynamically generated web pages (we will talk about this in class later on). Queries in MS Access: Once you start MS Access and retrieve the database file for this assignment, click on the “Create” button. Queries in MS Access are saved with a name for future use. This is very convenient because often times you need to run the same query over and over again. To create a new query click on the “Query Design”. This will open MS Access' version of QBE (Access calls it "Design View"). You will see how easy it is to move from/to Design View (i.e., QBE) to/from the SQL view. In fact, an easy way to start building your SQL queries is to first use the Design View and then switch to SQL view. Before you start with the assignment you may want to test a few QBE queries just to see how they work. Entering, Saving and Running SQL Queries
  • 17. To type a query, first click on the ”Create” button on top; this is where you will create new queries, forms, reports, etc… in the future. Under the ”Queries” tab on your left pane is where you can view and access your queries. Right now there should be no queries. Unfortunately, and strangely, MS Access doesn't have a direct way to bring you into the SQL query view, so we have to use a convoluted way through the Design View (but you will get used to it quickly). Now open the Design View, by clicking on the “Query Design” button (with the little square ruler). When you see a dialog box called "Show Table", click "Close". Now you will see the Design View (or QBE). You will notice a button on the left top corner labeled "SQL". Click on that button and the SQL editing box will open. If you want to go to Design view click on the little squared ruler. You can go back and forth. Now click on the little scrollable icon under SQL or under Design icon. You will notice that you can switch to a number of views. We are only interested in the SQL, Design and Datasheet views at this point. To run (execute) a query, you can just double click on the actual queries (left pane, under the “Queries” tab). If you are editing a query and you want to test it, simply click on the exclamation mark ! icon or simply switch to “Datasheet View” by clicking on the little scrollable icon on the top
  • 18. left corner under SQL. Once you are happy with your query, click on the X mark on the top right corner of the query editing box. MS Access will prompt you for a query name. Enter the query name and click OK to save it. we suggest that you first write your queries by hand using the form on the next page The challenge of SQL queries is figuring out what to write where. ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 6 From hereon is DUE AT THE END OF THE LAB session to be checked and graded. You need to write 8 queries during the lab session: 4 simple queries, and 4 complex queries that join 2 tables. When you finish all your queries run each of the 8 queries and leave them open so that we can review them and check you off quickly. Types of Queries
  • 19. Queries can be simple (query one table) and complex with joins (query more than one table), or even more complex (queries with aggregates and grouping, queries within queries or nested queries; querying a table more than once in the same query, etc.). For this class, you will only be working with simple and complex queries with 2 tables. It is important to note that there can be more than one solution for each query. RAM’s RULE #1 of database: query the MINIMUM number of tables possible for each query. In other words, if all your query results can come from a single table, you should not query 2 or more tables. You will only query 2 tables in our work in this class. But it is common to query 3 or more tables. ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 7 SQL SELECT Command Syntax:
  • 20. SELECT FROM WHERE AND ORDER BY The columns (and/or column expressions) you want The tables that contain the data Condition to filter the rows you want Another condition, if any The column you want to use for sorting Example: SELECT EmployeeName, Salary*1.20 AS NewSalary (resulting column name) FROM Employees WHERE CompanyID = “IBM” AND DeptID = “FIN” ORDER BY EmployeeName SELECT FROM WHERE AND ORDER BY SELECT FROM
  • 21. WHERE AND ORDER BY SELECT FROM WHERE AND ORDER BY ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 8 Q 6 ( 2 t ab le s)
  • 22. Find out how much money your computer orders are making. List all order numbers, line items, product names, quantities ordered, unit price (Price), and total price (Qty*Price) for the ProductID = "comp" (enclose comp in quotations here too). Note: you can use not only single fields in a query column, but also full expressions like Qty*Price. When you do this, MS Access will assign an ugly name for the corresponding column (e.g., expr1). However, you can give this column a more meaningful name using the "AS" clause (e.g., Qty*Price AS TotalPrice). Tip: you need to join two tables for this query (Products and LineItems) because part of the information is available the Products table only (e.g., Price) and other information is available in the LineItems table only (e.g., Qty). Q 7 ( 2 t ab le s) Run a similar query to query 3 above, but this time let's also list the Client Name (i.e., if you
  • 23. need to use this query for a management report you need to include client names, not just client IDs). So, please display the client ID, client name and comments entered for the client with an ID = "alberto". Tip: the difference between this query and item 3 above is that you need to join the ClientComm table with the Clients table (so that you can get the client name from the Clients table). Q 8 ( 2 ta b le s) Since we keep track of orders and the line items for these orders in separate tables, lets build a query that gives us a complete view of all orders and their respective line items. List all orders, client ID, line item numbers, product ID and quantities ordered in all line items in all orders. Tip: you need to join the Orders and the LineItems tables.
  • 24. Queries that you will write in the lab session Q1 Retrieve client information for Jill Klein. List the client ID, client name, state and zip code for the client with an ID of "klein" (note: you need to enclose "klein" in quotations for queries like this that involve text strings). Q2 Get a list of our highly priced products. Display the product ID, product name and price for all products priced over $200. Q3 Find out which notes and comments have been entered for Alberto Espinosa. Display the client ID and all the comments entered for a client with an ID of "alberto". Q4 Show all the transactions (meaning lines) where a computer was purchased (“comp”). In this query show me Order#, ProdID, Qty Q 5 (2 t ab le s) Same as Q4 but this time make more elegant by accessing full descriptions. Show these fields : order#, prodID, product description, price, quantity
  • 25. ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 9 SQL Simple Query Syntax (columns can be retrieved from a single table) Note: the keywords or conditions in brackets [ ] are optional SELECT [*] [DISTICT] [TOP n] [BOTTOM n] field1, field2, field formula [AS name], etc. FROM tablename [WHERE condition1] [AND condition 2, etc.] [ORDER BY field1, field2 [DESC][ASC]] The (mandatory) SELECT line has a list of fields or columns to display in the results query (e.g., Qty, Price) but it can also contain formulas combining columns (e.g. Qty * Price). se the AS keyword if you want to give a specific name to the formula (e.g. Qty * Price AS TotalPrice) tables you are querying (reduces your typing)
  • 26. ate rows from your query results, if any queries) to list only the top n records from the result (e.g., SELECT TOP 5 EmployeeName, Salary FROM Employees ORDER BY Salary DESC) The (mandatory) FROM line has the name of the table that contains the SELECT fields you want to retrieve in your query The (optional) WHERE line contains the condition that allows you to filter which records get displayed (e.g., WHERE Salary>100000). If you have more than condition you can use the AND keyword to add more conditions (e.g., WHERE Salary>100000 AND State="NY"). The (optional) ORDER BY line contains the fields you want to use for sorting. By default, the query will sort in ascending order, but you can include the DESC keyword if you want it sorted in descending order (e.g. SELECT EmployeeName, Salary FROM Employees ORDER BY Salary DESC). You can use more than one field to sort (e.g. SELECT CompanyID, EmployeeName FROM Employees
  • 27. ORDER BY CompanyID, EmployeeName -- will list employees sorted by their company ID's and by their name, within each company ID) ITEC 200 PRACTICE LAB Database Queries 10 SQL Complex Query Syntax (columns need to be retrieved from MORE THAN 1 TABLE) SELECT [*] [DISTICT] [TOP n] [BOTTOM n] field1, field2, field formula [AS name], etc. FROM tablename1, tablename2, etc. WHERE tablename1.commonfield = tablename2.commonfield - -- this is the JOIN condition [AND otherconditions, etc.] [ORDER BY field1, field2 [DESC][ASC]] This works just like the simple queries, except that: You MUST specify the JOIN condition in the WHERE line. For example, if the Employees table needs to be joined with the Companies table, and the common field in these two tables is CompanyID, the line WHERE should read:
  • 28. WHERE Employees.CompanyID = Companies.CompanyID. WARNING: if you omit this join condition you will obtain a TABLE PRODUCT, which is NOT what you want. A table product will combine every single row of tablename1 with every single row of tablename2. If any of the fields in the SELECT line exist in both tables listed in the FROM line, you must resolve this ambiguity by specifying the table from which the data will be retrieved by prefixing the field name with the table name and a period (e.g., SELECT EmployeeName, CompanyName, Companies.CompanyID FROM Employees WHERE Employees.CompanyID = Companies.CompanyID). Once you have read the book then in your 5 page review, you should briefly articulate the author’s main positions or themes and then interact with them. That is, choose one or two main points that you agree with and/or one or two in which you do not agree, supporting your thoughts with well-reasoned arguments.