BUS 250
Week 5
Week 5 Instructor Guidance
BUS 250: Corporate & Social Responsibility
BUS 250
Week 5
BUS 250 Course learning map
Week 1: Society and the Organization
Week 2: The Global Community and the Equitable Workplace
Week 3: The Organization’s Environmental Impact
Week 4: Internal Issues
Week 5: Social Media, Philanthropy, and Ethical Dilemmas
3
Week 5 Learning ActivitiesTaskDescriptionDueDiscussion #1:Social MediaThurs, Day 3Discussion #2:Corporate PhilanthropyThurs, Day 3Final PaperOrganization Ethical DilemmasMon, Day 7
Assigned ReadingDescriptionSource Text: Chapter 10Leadership Challenges and Opportunities (Hammond & Christensen, 2016)Article: Matthew & HeimerMatthews, C., & Heimer, M. (2016). The 5 biggest corporate scandals of
2016. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2016/12/28/biggest-corporate-scandals-2016/
Article: ShenShen, L. (2017). The 10 biggest business scandals of 2017. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2017/12/31/biggest-corporate-scandals-misconduct-2017-pr/
4
Week 5: Important notes
Written Assignment:
Note the page requirement of 8-10 pages
Note resource requirements of at least four scholarly sources (in addition to text)
Note point value for this assignment!
Don’t forget your end of course survey!
LATE WORK is not permitted in week five!
5
This week you will learn to:
Evaluate the free speech of employees when giving opinions about their employers in a public forum.
Analyze how companies can direct their giving strategically.
Synthesize previous learning outcomes in a final project
Week 5 Learning Objectives
6
Chapter 10
Leadership Challenges & Opportunities
Concepts
Leadership as Monarchy and Divine Right
Great Man Theory
Trait Theories
Behavioral Theories
Process Theories
Challenges
Waste Reduction
Social Equality
(Hammond & Christensen, Chapter 10 , 2016)
7
Trait theory
There are several trait theories. Two of the most popular are
Big Five
Sixteen Personality Factor Model
The big five personality theory was developed by McCrae (Westerhoff, 2008). The five factors are extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism (Westerhoff). Based on how high an individual scores in each category, the trait theory can be used to describe personality. For example, a successful salesperson would likely score high in extroversion. Extroversion includes three measures: communicativeness, initiative, and cheerfulness. High openness scores are often seen in artists. Openness includes creativity and novelty. A good example of someone who should have a high agreeableness factor is an elementary school teacher. Agreeableness includes empathy, warmth, and friendliness. Those with high levels of conscientiousness include scientists and accountants. Conscientiousness factors include discipline, trust, and motivation. The final factor is neuroticism. This factor measures emotional stability. Individuals how score high in neuroticism are anxious, inhibited,.
Gay Rights Essays. LGBTQ Community in America - Essay - Free Essay Example P...Patty Shafer
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Gay Rights Essays. LGBTQ Community in America - Essay - Free Essay Example P...Patty Shafer
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Assignment 1 APA formatat least 200 words and cite relevant sour.docxjesuslightbody
Assignment 1: APA formatat least 200 words and cite relevant sources
Discuss the importance of detecting breast cancer early.
Assignment 2: at lest 200 words and cite relevant sources
Discuss why men seem to value the physical attractiveness of a partner over financial stability and women value financial stability over physical attractiveness.
Assignment 3: APA format. Cite relevant sources
Write a one-page summary and response to the videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrgIev80hkI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArUGq7tIgLo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkeL92ImeIM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZzCIjdmfls
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFHjV_dDfcM
Pluralism, Majoritarian and Elite Theories
The question whether Madison's brilliant solution to bringing competing groups into relative harmony succeeded also brings us to our third concept: the plualist, majoritarian and elite models political scientists use to explain the American political system and how it works.
Spoiler alert: Only around half of the US population's eligible voters actually vote. And if voters aren't voting who runs the show? (The 2020 presidential election was an exception with 66 percent of eligible voters voting.)
Pluralists realize most people don't vote, but, in our high school example, they would argue that as long as each group from popular kids to nerds is represented before student government and school administration, good and fair decisions can result. This approach updates Madison's original solution for the modern era.
Followers of
Elite theory argue that since many don't vote, those with power (i.e. money) rule. In our high school example popularity rules, so more cheerleaders and jocks get into power and call the shots.
There is also a second version of elite theory that says education and wisdom rather than money should equal power. This view, which was also held by some of our founders, says people often don't vote because they are ignorant so decisions should be made by those better able to deal with differing ideas and points of view. In our example, teachers and principals are wiser and should rule because they know what's best for the students.
Those subscribing to majoritarianism argue that those left out in society would have more power if barriers to voting (time, money, feeling empowered) were lifted so more voices could be heard than just elites. In our example, nerds would be better off if everyone voted and had a say because the popular kids are outnumbered by other groups if they joined together rather than being divided.
Modern Liberal Political Theory: The Basics
1: The Big Ideas:
a) Everyone deserves an equal place at the starting line in the race of life, regardless of race, class, or gender.
b) John Rawls: Justice is fairness. Freedom comes before equality ONLY IF greater equality in society is realized first. (He doesn't advocate for total equality. See the discussion of the difference.
The future of 21st century global educationjoyce pittman
The presenter discusses the relationships between systems thinking, leadership and sustainability in complex learning organizations: Implications for new educational leadership research and development.
BUSI 240
Discussion Board Example
Groupthink
Definition: Organizational Behavior notes, “Groupthink is the tendency of highly cohesive groups to value consensus at the price of decision quality” (McShane & Von Glinow, 2008, p. 257).
Summary: The article entitled “The Turn to Online Research is Narrowing the Range of Modern Scholarship, a New Study Suggests” written by Rebecca Tuhus-Dubrow (2008) discusses how the internet has made accessing research and other things on the internet extremely easy. The author asserts that by using search engines, which often rank the importance of a result by popularity, students leave themselves vulnerable to groupthink when conducting research results (Tuhus-Dubrow, 2008). Tuhus-Dubrow (2008) suggests that this this can be mitigated by using multiple sources to help provide a more well-rounded research pool.
Discussion: The internet has made performing research for students a matter of seconds. Students used to have to go to the library and conduct research out of textbooks and other publications but now by simply typing your subject in a search engine a variety of choices are at your fingertips. “Millions of journal articles are available online, enabling scholars to find material they never would have encountered at their university libraries” (Tuhus-Dubrow, 2008, para 2).
The internet just like everything else has it costs as well as benefits. Just like the article states the internet has started to dominate people’s lives. People rely on the internet for everything for both work and personal use.
The internet is considered to be a new form of groupthink because when searching for articles students are not highly selective in the choices they make and they tend to pick one of the few search choices that comes up. Also, the other alternatives of research are now not used due to the convenience of the internet. Tuhus-Dubrow (2008) make the case that outcomes should be portrayed by search engines in some organized way because most websites depend on devices that classify primarily in a couple of ways. The ways they are classified are by chronological order and by popularity (Tuhus-Dubrow, 2008). If a search engine filters results by popularity then this is groupthink because others are succumbing to the will of the group by choosing the same articles that show up first as results.
Do you feel that internet search engines cause groupthink? If so, elaborate on why you think this. Do you feel that this is why many professors at Liberty University want students to not choose the same discussion board topics? I personally feel that the reason professors want us to chose different topics is so that we will not reflect the same views and chose the same articles which would therefore be groupthink.
References
Adler, S. (2009). At davos, beware the tide of groupthink. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from: http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/feb2009/db2009021_878209.htm
McShane, S., & Von G.
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The Glass Castle Essay. . NYTimes Best Seller - The Glass Castle - Test, Essa...Sara Carter
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Criticism Essay Example. Business paper: Examples of critique essaysSarah Jones
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Defining and Harnessing Plurality of Thought for the Digital AgeCognizant
Beyond and different from physical identity diversity, it is plurality of thought that must be cultivated and promoted within today's far-sighted organizations. We offer an analysis and roadmap for instilling plurality of thought on the individual, team and corporate levels.
Anthropology 130 Extra Credit - Web Articles on Race 20 poi.docxRAHUL126667
Anthropology 130 Extra Credit - Web Articles on Race
20 points maximum
With the recent news stories showing differences in experience by members of different
races in the United States, new attempts to start the conversation on race and culture
have been published online. This assignment involves carefully exploration of one of the
recent media pieces on the topic and summarizing its main points.
Part One
Choose one of the following links for this assignment.
• Flam, F. (2016, October 3). Concept of race stands as science’s biggest blunder [Web
article]. The Kansas City Star. Retrieved from http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-
columns-blogs/syndicated-columnists/article105647021.html
• Fuentes, A. (2015, June 22). Ignorance about race is killing us [Web article].
Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/busting-
myths-about-human-nature/201506/ignorance-about-race-is-killing-us
• Yodel, M., Roberts, D., DeSalle, R. & Tishkoff, S. (2016, February 5). Taking race out
of human genetics. Science. 351(6273), 564-565. Retrieved from http://
science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6273/564.full
Part Two
Answer both parts of the prompt:
a. What is the main point that the writer conveyed?
� of �1 2
http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/syndicated-columnists/article105647021.html
http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/syndicated-columnists/article105647021.html
http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/syndicated-columnists/article105647021.html
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/busting-myths-about-human-nature/201506/ignorance-about-race-is-killing-us
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/busting-myths-about-human-nature/201506/ignorance-about-race-is-killing-us
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/busting-myths-about-human-nature/201506/ignorance-about-race-is-killing-us
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6273/564.full
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6273/564.full
b. What are two quotes from the article that especially caught your attention? Why
were these passages effective in making their points?
Your reflection should be at least 300 words, and written as an organized paragraph.
Turn in your completed assignment on Canvas or in class by the due date.
Grading
A full score will be given to a reflection that addresses all of the required points. The
breakdown of the assigned score are:
• Accurately gives main point of the paper (6 points)
• Presents two quotes and explains why each is effective (8 points)
• College level writing: organized and free from spelling and grammatical problems (3
points)
• Low use of direct text from the article (except for the two quotes) (3 points)
� of �2 2
Business Ethics and
Social Responsibility
http://www.wileybusinessupdates.com
Chapter
2
1
Explain the concern for ethical and societal issues.
Describe the contemporary ethical environment.
Discuss how organizations shape ethical condu.
MGMT 6367Assignment Problems1. A manufacturer purchases 600.docxARIV4
MGMT 6367
Assignment Problems:
1. A manufacturer purchases 6000 cases of a certain component for $100 per case from two suppliers: Supplier A and Supplier B.
Supplier A is currently responsible for 1/2 of the total demand. The two suppliers currently pay $2 per case for transportation and achieve the same average delivery time of 10 days. However, for each day that a supplier can reduce in the average delivery time, the manufacturer is willing to shift 5% of its total purchase to the supplier offering the premium service. A supplier earns a margin of 25% of the selling price on each case before transportation cost kicks in.
a) How much profit does Supplier A make currently? Please provide at least one step of calculation and the correct answer for full credit. (4 points)
b) Suppose Supplier A is willing to reduce its average delivery time by 3 days and the transportation rate increases by $0.5 per case for each dayreduced in the average delivery time. How much profit can Supplier A make by offering the premium transportation service? Assume that Supplier B take no action. Please provide the new sales number, at least one step of calculation, and the correct answer for full credit. (6 points)
2. a) Please cite an example of a company that uses multiple distribution channels to distribute its products and use one or two sentences to support your choice. (4 points)
b) Please cite an example of a company that adopts corporate vertical marketing system in its distribution and use one or two sentences to support your choice. (4 points)
c) Please cite an example of a company that adopts administered vertical marketing system in its distribution and use one or two sentences to support your choice. (4 points)
3. The following table gives the map coordinates and the shipping loads for a set of cities that we wish to connect through a central hub.
City
Map coordinates (X, Y)
Shipping load (in tons)
A
(20, 10)
20
B
(10, 5)
5
C
(15, 15)
10
D
(20, 5)
10
Using the Centroid method, at what map coordinates should the central hub be located? Please provide at least one step of calculation for each of the two coordinates of the centroid for full credit. (8 points)
1
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW RESOURCES 1
LITERATURE REVIEW RESOURCES 6
Literature Review Resources
D’Ainsley Smith
Grand Canyon University
January 28, 2018
Literature Review Resources
Number
Article Information
Added to RefWorks?
1.
Reference
Damodaran, A. (1996). Corporate finance. Theory and Practice. Wiley.
Y
Permalink
https://www.amazon.co.uk/corporate-finance
Annotation
The research provides an examination of teaching methods using theories and models that assist in analyzing, understanding, and problem solving. Financial discipline is a creative resource, because it is not associated with theory, but based on methods of actual (real), and practical (logical) concepts.
2.
Reference
David, K., Arthur, S. I., & Michael, M. H. (2001). Mul ...
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Discussion Questions Chapter 31. Is profit the only important.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Questions:
Chapter 3
1. Is profit the only important goal of a business? What are others?
2. Stockholders are only one group of stakeholders. Who are the stakeholders important to me inside the organization?
3. Who are stakeholders important to me outside the organization?
4. What does the successful manager need to know about ethics and values?
5. Is being socially responsible really necessary?
6. How can I trust a company is doing the right thing?
Chapter 4
7. What three important developments of globalization will probably affect me?
8. Why learn about international management, and what characterizes the successful international manager?
9. Why do companies expand internationally, and how do they do it?
10. What are the principal areas of cultural differences?
Research at least three (3) peer-reviewed articles about individual rights, morality, ethics, individual rights, duty, or codes of conduct for criminal justice professionals.
Write a three to five (3-5) page paper
1. Thoroughly created a philosophy and approach for balancing the issues of individual rights and the public’s protection. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
2. Thoroughly determined a philosophy and approach for balancing the use of reward and punishment in criminal justice. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
3. Thoroughly selected a philosophy and approach that addresses the use of immoral means (e.g., torture or lying in interrogation) to accomplish desirable ends. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
4. Thoroughly explained what you believe the Ethics of Care and Peacemaking Criminology presented in your textbook should mean for law enforcement professionals.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA format (latest edition).
Include a cover page developed in accordance with the latest edition of APA, including a running head, page number, the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page, revision of the previous assignment, and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
3.2
The Community of Stakeholders Inside the Organization
Major Question: Stockholders are only one group of stakeholders. Who are the stakeholders important to me inside the organization?
3.3
The Community of Stakeholders Outside the Organization
Major Question: Who are stakeholders important to me outside the organization?
3.4
The Ethical Responsibilities Required of You as a Manager
Major Question: What does the successful manager need to know about ethics and values?
3.5
The Social Responsibilities Required of You as a Manager
Major Question: Is.
BUS310ASSIGNMENTImagine that you work for a company with an ag.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS310ASSIGNMENT
Imagine that you work for a company with an age diverse workforce. You have baby boomers working with millenials. Their backgrounds are different, and how they view work is different. This is causing some friction within the workforce. Before the tension escalates, you need to have a meeting to discuss the issue. Prepare a five to seven (5-7) slide PowerPoint presentation for your staff meeting that addresses this issue and proposes a solution.
Create a five to seven (5-7) slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
1. Propose a solution that will relieve friction in your company’s age diverse workforce.
2. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
a. Format the PowerPoint presentation with headings on each slide and at least one (1) relevant graphic (photograph, graph, clip art, etc.). Ensure that the presentation is visually appealing and readable from up to 18 feet away. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
b. Include a title slide containing the title of the assignment, your name, your professor’s name, the course title, and the date.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Explain effective approaches to the broad spectrum of employee relations, including career development, fostering ethical behavior, discipline, labor relations, and dismissals.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in human resource management.
· Write clearly and concisely about human resource management using proper writing mechanics.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
Team Project Deliverable and Presentation
You team works for XYZ Company, which has a directional strategy focused on expanding the company through horizontal integration. Your team can determine the official name of the company and industry. The company does a great job keeping close watch on its cash position and consistently maintains a positive cash flow; is very solvent; controls its overhead expenses; has solid marketing and sales, production, and human resources performance metrics, and fosters a culture of strategic thinkers. Historically, your company has expanded through a combination of organic (new startups) and inorganic growth and feels it’s time to consider acquisition opportunities.
The Board is looking to engage in a friendly acquisition of a company that will not only increase its market share, but allow it to penetrate new markets and increase the company’s abilities to meet current and future consumer needs and expectations. Since management’s attitude is to pursue a friendly acquisition as opposed to a hostile takeover, your team may consider looking at conglomerates that have experienced significant growth through inorganic growth (acquisitions) and may now be looking to refocus on their core business and are willing to consider divesting some of its businesses that are within your industry. There could be other companies.
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 2 Describing Data Expected Out.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 2
Describing Data
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. Basic descriptive statistics for data location
2. Basic descriptive statistics for data consistency
3. Basic descriptive statistics for data position
4. Basic approaches for describing likelihood
5. Difference between descriptive and inferential statistics
What this lecture covers
This lecture focuses on describing data and how these descriptions can be used in an
analysis. It also introduces and defines some specific descriptive statistical tools and results.
Even if we never become a data detective or do statistical tests, we will be exposed and
bombarded with statistics and statistical outcomes. We need to understand what they are telling
us and how they help uncover what the data means on the “crime,” AKA research question/issue.
How we obtain these results will be covered in lecture 1-3.
Detecting
In our favorite detective shows, starting out always seems difficult. They have a crime,
but no real clues or suspects, no idea of what happened, no “theory of the crime,” etc. Much as
we are at this point with our question on equal pay for equal work.
The process followed is remarkably similar across the different shows. First, a case or
situation presents itself. The heroes start by understanding the background of the situation and
those involved. They move on to collecting clues and following hints, some of which do not pan
out to be helpful. They then start to build relationships between and among clues and facts,
tossing out ideas that seemed good but lead to dead-ends or non-helpful insights (false leads,
etc.). Finally, a conclusion is reached and the initial question of “who done it” is solved.
Data analysis, and specifically statistical analysis, is done quite the same way as we will
see.
Descriptive Statistics
Week 1 Clues
We are interested in whether or not males and females are paid the same for doing equal
work. So, how do we go about answering this question? The “victim” in this question could be
considered the difference in pay between males and females, specifically when they are doing
equal work. An initial examination (Doc, was it murder or an accident?) involves obtaining
basic information to see if we even have cause to worry.
The first action in any analysis involves collecting the data. This generally involves
conducting a random sample from the population of employees so that we have a manageable
data set to operate from. In this case, our sample, presented in Lecture 1, gave us 25 males and
25 females spread throughout the company. A quick look at the sample by HR provided us with
assurance that the group looked representative of the company workforce we are concerned with
as a whole. Now we can confidently collect clues to see if we should be concerned or not.
As with any detective, the first issue is to understand the.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFHjV_dDfcM
Pluralism, Majoritarian and Elite Theories
The question whether Madison's brilliant solution to bringing competing groups into relative harmony succeeded also brings us to our third concept: the plualist, majoritarian and elite models political scientists use to explain the American political system and how it works.
Spoiler alert: Only around half of the US population's eligible voters actually vote. And if voters aren't voting who runs the show? (The 2020 presidential election was an exception with 66 percent of eligible voters voting.)
Pluralists realize most people don't vote, but, in our high school example, they would argue that as long as each group from popular kids to nerds is represented before student government and school administration, good and fair decisions can result. This approach updates Madison's original solution for the modern era.
Followers of
Elite theory argue that since many don't vote, those with power (i.e. money) rule. In our high school example popularity rules, so more cheerleaders and jocks get into power and call the shots.
There is also a second version of elite theory that says education and wisdom rather than money should equal power. This view, which was also held by some of our founders, says people often don't vote because they are ignorant so decisions should be made by those better able to deal with differing ideas and points of view. In our example, teachers and principals are wiser and should rule because they know what's best for the students.
Those subscribing to majoritarianism argue that those left out in society would have more power if barriers to voting (time, money, feeling empowered) were lifted so more voices could be heard than just elites. In our example, nerds would be better off if everyone voted and had a say because the popular kids are outnumbered by other groups if they joined together rather than being divided.
Modern Liberal Political Theory: The Basics
1: The Big Ideas:
a) Everyone deserves an equal place at the starting line in the race of life, regardless of race, class, or gender.
b) John Rawls: Justice is fairness. Freedom comes before equality ONLY IF greater equality in society is realized first. (He doesn't advocate for total equality. See the discussion of the difference.
The future of 21st century global educationjoyce pittman
The presenter discusses the relationships between systems thinking, leadership and sustainability in complex learning organizations: Implications for new educational leadership research and development.
BUSI 240
Discussion Board Example
Groupthink
Definition: Organizational Behavior notes, “Groupthink is the tendency of highly cohesive groups to value consensus at the price of decision quality” (McShane & Von Glinow, 2008, p. 257).
Summary: The article entitled “The Turn to Online Research is Narrowing the Range of Modern Scholarship, a New Study Suggests” written by Rebecca Tuhus-Dubrow (2008) discusses how the internet has made accessing research and other things on the internet extremely easy. The author asserts that by using search engines, which often rank the importance of a result by popularity, students leave themselves vulnerable to groupthink when conducting research results (Tuhus-Dubrow, 2008). Tuhus-Dubrow (2008) suggests that this this can be mitigated by using multiple sources to help provide a more well-rounded research pool.
Discussion: The internet has made performing research for students a matter of seconds. Students used to have to go to the library and conduct research out of textbooks and other publications but now by simply typing your subject in a search engine a variety of choices are at your fingertips. “Millions of journal articles are available online, enabling scholars to find material they never would have encountered at their university libraries” (Tuhus-Dubrow, 2008, para 2).
The internet just like everything else has it costs as well as benefits. Just like the article states the internet has started to dominate people’s lives. People rely on the internet for everything for both work and personal use.
The internet is considered to be a new form of groupthink because when searching for articles students are not highly selective in the choices they make and they tend to pick one of the few search choices that comes up. Also, the other alternatives of research are now not used due to the convenience of the internet. Tuhus-Dubrow (2008) make the case that outcomes should be portrayed by search engines in some organized way because most websites depend on devices that classify primarily in a couple of ways. The ways they are classified are by chronological order and by popularity (Tuhus-Dubrow, 2008). If a search engine filters results by popularity then this is groupthink because others are succumbing to the will of the group by choosing the same articles that show up first as results.
Do you feel that internet search engines cause groupthink? If so, elaborate on why you think this. Do you feel that this is why many professors at Liberty University want students to not choose the same discussion board topics? I personally feel that the reason professors want us to chose different topics is so that we will not reflect the same views and chose the same articles which would therefore be groupthink.
References
Adler, S. (2009). At davos, beware the tide of groupthink. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from: http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/feb2009/db2009021_878209.htm
McShane, S., & Von G.
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The Glass Castle Essay. . NYTimes Best Seller - The Glass Castle - Test, Essa...Sara Carter
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Criticism Essay Example. Business paper: Examples of critique essaysSarah Jones
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Defining and Harnessing Plurality of Thought for the Digital AgeCognizant
Beyond and different from physical identity diversity, it is plurality of thought that must be cultivated and promoted within today's far-sighted organizations. We offer an analysis and roadmap for instilling plurality of thought on the individual, team and corporate levels.
Anthropology 130 Extra Credit - Web Articles on Race 20 poi.docxRAHUL126667
Anthropology 130 Extra Credit - Web Articles on Race
20 points maximum
With the recent news stories showing differences in experience by members of different
races in the United States, new attempts to start the conversation on race and culture
have been published online. This assignment involves carefully exploration of one of the
recent media pieces on the topic and summarizing its main points.
Part One
Choose one of the following links for this assignment.
• Flam, F. (2016, October 3). Concept of race stands as science’s biggest blunder [Web
article]. The Kansas City Star. Retrieved from http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-
columns-blogs/syndicated-columnists/article105647021.html
• Fuentes, A. (2015, June 22). Ignorance about race is killing us [Web article].
Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/busting-
myths-about-human-nature/201506/ignorance-about-race-is-killing-us
• Yodel, M., Roberts, D., DeSalle, R. & Tishkoff, S. (2016, February 5). Taking race out
of human genetics. Science. 351(6273), 564-565. Retrieved from http://
science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6273/564.full
Part Two
Answer both parts of the prompt:
a. What is the main point that the writer conveyed?
� of �1 2
http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/syndicated-columnists/article105647021.html
http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/syndicated-columnists/article105647021.html
http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/syndicated-columnists/article105647021.html
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/busting-myths-about-human-nature/201506/ignorance-about-race-is-killing-us
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/busting-myths-about-human-nature/201506/ignorance-about-race-is-killing-us
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/busting-myths-about-human-nature/201506/ignorance-about-race-is-killing-us
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6273/564.full
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6273/564.full
b. What are two quotes from the article that especially caught your attention? Why
were these passages effective in making their points?
Your reflection should be at least 300 words, and written as an organized paragraph.
Turn in your completed assignment on Canvas or in class by the due date.
Grading
A full score will be given to a reflection that addresses all of the required points. The
breakdown of the assigned score are:
• Accurately gives main point of the paper (6 points)
• Presents two quotes and explains why each is effective (8 points)
• College level writing: organized and free from spelling and grammatical problems (3
points)
• Low use of direct text from the article (except for the two quotes) (3 points)
� of �2 2
Business Ethics and
Social Responsibility
http://www.wileybusinessupdates.com
Chapter
2
1
Explain the concern for ethical and societal issues.
Describe the contemporary ethical environment.
Discuss how organizations shape ethical condu.
MGMT 6367Assignment Problems1. A manufacturer purchases 600.docxARIV4
MGMT 6367
Assignment Problems:
1. A manufacturer purchases 6000 cases of a certain component for $100 per case from two suppliers: Supplier A and Supplier B.
Supplier A is currently responsible for 1/2 of the total demand. The two suppliers currently pay $2 per case for transportation and achieve the same average delivery time of 10 days. However, for each day that a supplier can reduce in the average delivery time, the manufacturer is willing to shift 5% of its total purchase to the supplier offering the premium service. A supplier earns a margin of 25% of the selling price on each case before transportation cost kicks in.
a) How much profit does Supplier A make currently? Please provide at least one step of calculation and the correct answer for full credit. (4 points)
b) Suppose Supplier A is willing to reduce its average delivery time by 3 days and the transportation rate increases by $0.5 per case for each dayreduced in the average delivery time. How much profit can Supplier A make by offering the premium transportation service? Assume that Supplier B take no action. Please provide the new sales number, at least one step of calculation, and the correct answer for full credit. (6 points)
2. a) Please cite an example of a company that uses multiple distribution channels to distribute its products and use one or two sentences to support your choice. (4 points)
b) Please cite an example of a company that adopts corporate vertical marketing system in its distribution and use one or two sentences to support your choice. (4 points)
c) Please cite an example of a company that adopts administered vertical marketing system in its distribution and use one or two sentences to support your choice. (4 points)
3. The following table gives the map coordinates and the shipping loads for a set of cities that we wish to connect through a central hub.
City
Map coordinates (X, Y)
Shipping load (in tons)
A
(20, 10)
20
B
(10, 5)
5
C
(15, 15)
10
D
(20, 5)
10
Using the Centroid method, at what map coordinates should the central hub be located? Please provide at least one step of calculation for each of the two coordinates of the centroid for full credit. (8 points)
1
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW RESOURCES 1
LITERATURE REVIEW RESOURCES 6
Literature Review Resources
D’Ainsley Smith
Grand Canyon University
January 28, 2018
Literature Review Resources
Number
Article Information
Added to RefWorks?
1.
Reference
Damodaran, A. (1996). Corporate finance. Theory and Practice. Wiley.
Y
Permalink
https://www.amazon.co.uk/corporate-finance
Annotation
The research provides an examination of teaching methods using theories and models that assist in analyzing, understanding, and problem solving. Financial discipline is a creative resource, because it is not associated with theory, but based on methods of actual (real), and practical (logical) concepts.
2.
Reference
David, K., Arthur, S. I., & Michael, M. H. (2001). Mul ...
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Discussion Questions Chapter 31. Is profit the only important.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Questions:
Chapter 3
1. Is profit the only important goal of a business? What are others?
2. Stockholders are only one group of stakeholders. Who are the stakeholders important to me inside the organization?
3. Who are stakeholders important to me outside the organization?
4. What does the successful manager need to know about ethics and values?
5. Is being socially responsible really necessary?
6. How can I trust a company is doing the right thing?
Chapter 4
7. What three important developments of globalization will probably affect me?
8. Why learn about international management, and what characterizes the successful international manager?
9. Why do companies expand internationally, and how do they do it?
10. What are the principal areas of cultural differences?
Research at least three (3) peer-reviewed articles about individual rights, morality, ethics, individual rights, duty, or codes of conduct for criminal justice professionals.
Write a three to five (3-5) page paper
1. Thoroughly created a philosophy and approach for balancing the issues of individual rights and the public’s protection. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
2. Thoroughly determined a philosophy and approach for balancing the use of reward and punishment in criminal justice. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
3. Thoroughly selected a philosophy and approach that addresses the use of immoral means (e.g., torture or lying in interrogation) to accomplish desirable ends. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
4. Thoroughly explained what you believe the Ethics of Care and Peacemaking Criminology presented in your textbook should mean for law enforcement professionals.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA format (latest edition).
Include a cover page developed in accordance with the latest edition of APA, including a running head, page number, the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page, revision of the previous assignment, and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
3.2
The Community of Stakeholders Inside the Organization
Major Question: Stockholders are only one group of stakeholders. Who are the stakeholders important to me inside the organization?
3.3
The Community of Stakeholders Outside the Organization
Major Question: Who are stakeholders important to me outside the organization?
3.4
The Ethical Responsibilities Required of You as a Manager
Major Question: What does the successful manager need to know about ethics and values?
3.5
The Social Responsibilities Required of You as a Manager
Major Question: Is.
Similar to BUS 250Week 5Week 5 Instructor GuidanceBUS 250 Co.docx (19)
BUS310ASSIGNMENTImagine that you work for a company with an ag.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS310ASSIGNMENT
Imagine that you work for a company with an age diverse workforce. You have baby boomers working with millenials. Their backgrounds are different, and how they view work is different. This is causing some friction within the workforce. Before the tension escalates, you need to have a meeting to discuss the issue. Prepare a five to seven (5-7) slide PowerPoint presentation for your staff meeting that addresses this issue and proposes a solution.
Create a five to seven (5-7) slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
1. Propose a solution that will relieve friction in your company’s age diverse workforce.
2. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
a. Format the PowerPoint presentation with headings on each slide and at least one (1) relevant graphic (photograph, graph, clip art, etc.). Ensure that the presentation is visually appealing and readable from up to 18 feet away. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
b. Include a title slide containing the title of the assignment, your name, your professor’s name, the course title, and the date.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Explain effective approaches to the broad spectrum of employee relations, including career development, fostering ethical behavior, discipline, labor relations, and dismissals.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in human resource management.
· Write clearly and concisely about human resource management using proper writing mechanics.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
Team Project Deliverable and Presentation
You team works for XYZ Company, which has a directional strategy focused on expanding the company through horizontal integration. Your team can determine the official name of the company and industry. The company does a great job keeping close watch on its cash position and consistently maintains a positive cash flow; is very solvent; controls its overhead expenses; has solid marketing and sales, production, and human resources performance metrics, and fosters a culture of strategic thinkers. Historically, your company has expanded through a combination of organic (new startups) and inorganic growth and feels it’s time to consider acquisition opportunities.
The Board is looking to engage in a friendly acquisition of a company that will not only increase its market share, but allow it to penetrate new markets and increase the company’s abilities to meet current and future consumer needs and expectations. Since management’s attitude is to pursue a friendly acquisition as opposed to a hostile takeover, your team may consider looking at conglomerates that have experienced significant growth through inorganic growth (acquisitions) and may now be looking to refocus on their core business and are willing to consider divesting some of its businesses that are within your industry. There could be other companies.
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 2 Describing Data Expected Out.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 2
Describing Data
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. Basic descriptive statistics for data location
2. Basic descriptive statistics for data consistency
3. Basic descriptive statistics for data position
4. Basic approaches for describing likelihood
5. Difference between descriptive and inferential statistics
What this lecture covers
This lecture focuses on describing data and how these descriptions can be used in an
analysis. It also introduces and defines some specific descriptive statistical tools and results.
Even if we never become a data detective or do statistical tests, we will be exposed and
bombarded with statistics and statistical outcomes. We need to understand what they are telling
us and how they help uncover what the data means on the “crime,” AKA research question/issue.
How we obtain these results will be covered in lecture 1-3.
Detecting
In our favorite detective shows, starting out always seems difficult. They have a crime,
but no real clues or suspects, no idea of what happened, no “theory of the crime,” etc. Much as
we are at this point with our question on equal pay for equal work.
The process followed is remarkably similar across the different shows. First, a case or
situation presents itself. The heroes start by understanding the background of the situation and
those involved. They move on to collecting clues and following hints, some of which do not pan
out to be helpful. They then start to build relationships between and among clues and facts,
tossing out ideas that seemed good but lead to dead-ends or non-helpful insights (false leads,
etc.). Finally, a conclusion is reached and the initial question of “who done it” is solved.
Data analysis, and specifically statistical analysis, is done quite the same way as we will
see.
Descriptive Statistics
Week 1 Clues
We are interested in whether or not males and females are paid the same for doing equal
work. So, how do we go about answering this question? The “victim” in this question could be
considered the difference in pay between males and females, specifically when they are doing
equal work. An initial examination (Doc, was it murder or an accident?) involves obtaining
basic information to see if we even have cause to worry.
The first action in any analysis involves collecting the data. This generally involves
conducting a random sample from the population of employees so that we have a manageable
data set to operate from. In this case, our sample, presented in Lecture 1, gave us 25 males and
25 females spread throughout the company. A quick look at the sample by HR provided us with
assurance that the group looked representative of the company workforce we are concerned with
as a whole. Now we can confidently collect clues to see if we should be concerned or not.
As with any detective, the first issue is to understand the.
BUS308 – Week 5 Lecture 1 A Different View Expected Ou.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS308 – Week 5 Lecture 1
A Different View
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. What a confidence interval for a statistic is.
2. What a confidence interval for differences is.
3. The difference between statistical and practical significance.
4. The meaning of an Effect Size measure.
Overview
Years ago, a comedy show used to introduce new skits with the phrase “and now for
something completely different.” That seems appropriate for this week’s material.
This week we will look at evaluating our data results in somewhat different ways. One of
the criticisms of the hypothesis testing procedure is that it only shows one value, when it is
reasonably clear that a number of different values would also cause us to reject or not reject a
null hypothesis of no difference. Many managers and researchers would like to see what these
values could be; and, in particular, what are the extreme values as help in making decisions.
Confidence intervals will help us here.
The other criticism of the hypothesis testing procedure is that we can “manage” the
results, or ensure that we will reject the null, by manipulating the sample size. For example, if
we have a difference in a customer preference between two products of only 1%, is this a big
deal? Given the uncertainty contained in sample results, we might tend to think that we can
safely ignore this result. However, if we were to use a sample of, say, 10,000, we would find
that this difference is statistically significant. This, for many, seems to fly in the face of
reasonableness. We will look at a measure of “practical significance,” meaning the likelihood of
the difference being worth paying any attention to, called the effect size to help us here.
Confidence Intervals
A confidence interval is a range of values that, based upon the sample results, most likely
contains the actual population parameter. The “most likely” element is the level of confidence
attached to the interval, 95% confidence interval, 90% confidence interval, 99% confidence
interval, etc. They can be created at any time, with or without performing a statistical test, such
as the t-test.
A confidence interval may be expressed as a range (45 to 51% of the town’s population
support the proposal) or as a mean or proportion with a margin of error (48% of the town
supports the proposal, with a margin of error of 3%). This last format is frequently seen with
opinion poll results, and simply means that you should add and subtract this margin of error from
the reported proportion to obtain the range. With either format, the confidence percent should
also be provided.
Confidence intervals for a single mean (or proportion) are fairly straightforward to
understand, and relate to t-test outcomes simply. Details on how to construct the interval will be
given in this week’s second lecture. We want to understand how to interpret and understa.
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 1
Statistics
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. The basic ideas of data analysis.
2. Key statistical concepts and terms.
3. The basic approach for this class.
4. The case focus for the class.
What we are all about
Data, measurements, counts, etc., is often considered the language of business. However,
it also plays an important role in our personal lives as well. Data, or more accurately, the
analysis of data answers our questions. These may be business related or personal. Some
questions we may have heard that require data to answer include:
1. On average, how long does it take you to get to work? Or, alternately, when do you
have to leave to get to work on time?
2. For budget purposes, what is the average expense for utilities, food, etc.?
3. Has the quality rejection rate on production Line 3 changed?
4. Did the new attendance incentive program reduce the tardiness for the department?
5. Which vendor has the best average price for what we order?
6. Which customers have the most complaints about our products?
7. Has the average production time decreased with the new process?
8. Do different groups respond differently to an employee questionnaire?
9. What are the chances that a customer will complain about or return a product?
Note that all of these very reasonable questions require that we collect data, analyze it,
and reach some conclusion based upon that result.
Making Sense of Data
This class is about ways to turn data sets, lots of raw numbers, into information that we
can use. This may include simple descriptions of the data with measures such as average, range,
high and low values, etc. It also includes ways to examine the information within the data set so
that we can make decisions, identify patterns, and identify existing relationships. This is often
called data analysis; some courses discuss this approach with the term “data-based decision
making.” During this class we will focus on the logic of analyzing data and interpreting these
results.
What this class is not
This class is not a mathematics course. I know, it is called statistics and it deals with
numbers, but we do not focus on creating formulas or even doing calculations. Excel will do all
of the calculations for us; for those of you who have not used Excel before, and even for some
who have, you will be pleasantly surprised at how powerful and relatively easy to use it is.
It is also not a class in collecting the data. Courses in research focus on how to plan on
collecting data so that it is fair and unbiased. Statistics deals with working on the data after it has
been collected.
Class structure
There are two main themes to this class. The first focuses on interpreting statistical
outcomes. When someone says, the result is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.01; we
need, as professionals, to know what it means. .
BUS308 Statistics for ManagersDiscussions To participate in .docxcurwenmichaela
BUS308
Statistics for Managers
Discussions
To participate in the following discussions, go to this week's
Discussion
link in the left navigation.
Language
Numbers and measurements are the language of business.. Organizations look at results, expenses, quality levels, efficiencies, time, costs, etc. What measures does your department keep track of ? How are the measures collected, and how are they summarized/described? How are they used in making decisions? (Note: If you do not have a job where measures are available to you, ask someone you know for some examples or conduct outside research on an interest of yours.)
Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ posts. Respond to at least two of your classmates by providing recommendations for the measures being discussed.
Levels
Managers and professionals often pay more attention to the levels of their measures (means, sums, etc.) than to the variation in the data (the dispersion or the probability patterns/distributions that describe the data). For the measures you identified in Discussion 1, why must dispersion be considered to truly understand what the data is telling us about what we measure/track? How can we make decisions about outcomes and results if we do not understand the consistency (variation) of the data? Does looking at the variation in the data give us a different understanding of results?
Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ posts. Respond to at least two classmates by commenting on the situations that are being illustrated.
.
BUS308 Week 4 Lecture 1
Examining Relationships
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. Issues around correlation
2. The basics of Correlation analysis
3. The basics of Linear Regression
4. The basics of the Multiple Regression
Overview
Often in our detective shows when the clues are not providing a clear answer – such as
we are seeing with the apparent continuing contradiction between the compa-ratio and salary
related results – we hear the line “maybe we need to look at this from a different viewpoint.”
That is what we will be doing this week.
Our investigation changes focus a bit this week. We started the class by finding ways to
describe and summarize data sets – finding measures of the center and dispersion of the data with
means, medians, standard deviations, ranges, etc. As interesting as these clues were, they did not
tell us all we needed to know to solve our question about equal work for equal pay. In fact, the
evidence was somewhat contradictory depending upon what measure we focused on. In Weeks 2
and 3, we changed our focus to asking questions about differences and how important different
sample outcomes were. We found that all differences were not important, and that for many
relatively small result differences we could safely ignore them for decision making purposes –
they were due to simple sampling (or chance) errors. We found that this idea of sampling error
could extend into work and individual performance outcomes observed over time; and that over-
reacting to such differences did not make much sense.
Now, in our continuing efforts to detect and uncover what the data is hiding from us, we
change focus again as we start to find out why something happened, what caused the data to act
as it did; rather than merely what happened (describing the data as we have been doing). This
week we move from examining differences to looking at relationships; that is, if some measure
changes does another measure change as well? And, if so, can we use this information to make
predictions and/or understand what underlies this common movement?
Our tools in doing this involve correlation, the measurement of how closely two
variables move together; and regression, an equation showing the impact of inputs on a final
output. A regression is similar to a recipe for a cake or other food dish; take a bit of this and
some of that, put them together, and we get our result.
Correlation
We have seen correlations a lot, and probably have even used them (formally or
informally). We know, for example, that all other things being equal; the more we eat. the more
we weigh. Kids, up to the early teens, grow taller the older they get. If we consistently speed,
we will get more speeding tickets than those who obey the speed limit. The more efforts we put
into studying, the better grades we get. All of these are examples of correlations.
Correlatio.
BUS225 Group Assignment1. Service BlueprintCustomer acti.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS225 Group Assignment
1. Service Blueprint
Customer actions include the choice of visiting a Calvin Klein retail store, browsing clothes and asking for recommendations from a sales representative. Visible actions performed by Calvin Klein’s sales representative include greet customers upon arrival, check for inventory, bring clothes to customers and process payment. These actions are visible to customers and one invisible action performed by the sales representative would be finding customer clothes in the back room. The support processes include inventory-tracking system, inventory in the back room and POS systems, which allow the sales representative to deliver service smoothly.
2. Introduction
Calvin Klein is one amongst the leading fashion style and marketing studios within the world. It styles and markets women’s and men’s designer assortment attire and a variety of different products that area unit factory-made and marketed through an intensive network of licensing agreements and different arrangements worldwide.
2.1 Target Market
Calvin Klein targets male and female, and the millenials. The demographics of the people that would be receiving these messages from the “My Calvins” campaign would be men and women between the ages of 15-30, not married and have a median income.
Millenials believe that the next generation of robots are not going to replace people, but instead help to improve the effectiveness and service of industries. In today’s world, to suggest that automation will eliminate the need for human workers is proving to be as ridiculous as suggesting that tablets will replace laptops.
In the industrial world, robot design is pivoting from giant mechanical arms that take up factory floors, to smaller, more collaborative bots, that are designed to work alongside people. While these collaborative bots only make up 3% of the market today, they will make up 34% of the market by 2025.
3. Trend and importance of robotics
3.1. Role of robotics
The service sector is at an inflection point with regard to productivity gains and service industrialization similar to the industrial revolution in manufacturing that started in the eighteenth century. Robotics in combination with rapidly improving technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), mobile, cloud, big data and biometrics will bring opportunities for a wide range of innovations that have the potential to dramatically change service industries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential role service robots will play in the future and to advance a research agenda for service researchers (Wirtz et al. 2018).
Advancements in technology are radically transforming service, and increasingly providing the underlying basis for service strategy. Technological capabilities inevitably advance, firms will tend to move from standardized to personalized and from transactional to relational over time, implying that firms should be alert to technological opportunities to .
BUS301 Memo Rubric Spring 2020 - Student.docxBUS301 Writing Ru.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS301 Memo Rubric Spring 2020 - Student.docx
BUS301 Writing Rubric
Performance Dimensions
N/A
Not Met
Met
Comments
Organization (OABC)
Opening gets attention, provides context, and introduces topic
0
1
Agenda previews content of the document
0
1
Body
0
2
Sound paragraphing decisions (length and development)
Paragraphs limited to one topic per paragraph
Complete discussion of one topic before moving to next topic
Transitions and flow between paragraphs smooth
The overall flow/logic/structure of document is apparent
Closing summarizes and concludes, recommends, if appropriate
0
1
Content
The content of the document is relevant; information meaningful
0
2
The document is developed with adequate support and examples
0
2
The content is accurate and appropriate, with insightful analysis
0
2
Proofreading
The grammar and spelling are correct (proofread)
0
3
Punctuation—comma usage, capitalization, etc.—used correctly
0
3
The sentence structure and length are appropriate
0
1
Format
Appropriate formatting is used for type of document written
0
1
Good use of font, margins, spacing, headings, and visuals
0
1
[11/2016]
Example - Good - Corrected student example Spring 2020.docx
TO: Professor __________
FROM: Suzy Student
DATE: February 1, 2020
SUBJECT: Out of Class Experience – Cybersecurity Conference
Cybersecurity is a topic everyone should be concerned about, so I attended the 3rd Annual Cybersecurity Event held in the Grawn Atrium. I gained insight and knowledge from listening to the speakers that came from different kinds of industries. In this memo, I will discuss what I learned from the speaker and two takeaways: 1) cybersecurity is everywhere, 2) personal identifiable information, and 3) cybersecurity for the business student.
Cybersecurity is Everywhere
The conference was an opportunity to learn about cybersecurity. The first speaker talked about how companies are attacked in many different ways every day. The “bad guys” are trying to steal company information as well as employee information. Both kinds of information are valuable on the black market. The second speaker talked about the internet of things (IoT). These are things that are attached to the internet. The speaker talked about autonomous cars and medical equipment (heart) that talks to the internet. She talked about how cyber can and should influence designs. “Things” must be created with cybersecurity included in every step of the design. The last speaker talked about how my information has value. The “bad guys” steal my information and people want to buy it. Making money is one reason hackers steal millions of records.
Personal Identifiable Information
Personal Identifiable Information (PII) is any information relating to an identifiable person. There are laws in place to help make sure this information is secure. This topic is a takeaway for me because I had no idea my data had any value t.
BUS1431Introduction and PreferencesBUS143 Judgmen.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS143
1
Introduction and Preferences
BUS143: Judgment and Decision Making
Ye Li
All rights reserved ®
Why you decided to take this class
“Decisions are the essence of
management. They’re what
managers do—sit around all
day making (or avoiding)
decisions. Managers are judged
on the outcomes, and most of
them—most of us—have only
the foggiest idea how we do
what we do.”
Thomas Stewart
Former editor (2002-2008),
Harvard Business Review
BUS143
2
Decision Making: Two Questions
• Why is decision making difficult?
• What constitutes a good decision?
Decision Making: Good Process
• What is a decision?
– A costly commitment to a course of action.
• Outcomes versus Process
Outcomes
Good Bad
Process
Good
Bad
Bad “luck”
Good “luck”
BUS143
3
Components of a Good Decision
• I have considered my ABCs
– Alternatives
– Beliefs
– Consequences
• I am devoting an appropriate amount of
resources
• I have avoided major decision traps
Decision Making Components: The ABCs
• Alternatives
– Identification and articulation
– Construction/refinement
• Beliefs
– Identification and quantification of uncertainties
– Information collection/gathering
• Consequences
– Identification of consequences (and objectives
addressed by consequences)
– When possible, quantification of tradeoffs among
objectives
BUS143
4
Decision Making: Good Process
• Putting it all together (for now)…
Good decision making is choosing the
alternative that best meets your objectives
in the face of uncertainty about what
consequences will ensue.
3 Perspectives on Decision Making
• Normative
– How should people make decisions?
Related concepts: rational; optimizing; forward-looking
• Descriptive
– How do people make decisions?
Related concepts: boundedly rational; limited cognitive capacity;
heuristics or rule-based; myopic
• Prescriptive
– How can we help people make better decisions?
– Prescriptive advice via practical applications, in…
Management
Marketing
Finance
HR
Life!
BUS143
5
Example
• Problem
– Imagine two 1-mile-long (1.61km) pieces of railroad track, put
end to end, and attached to the ground at the extremes.
When it gets hot, each piece of track expands by 1 inch
(2.54cm), forcing the pieces to rise above the ground where
they meet in the middle.
How high will the track be in the middle?
• Normative rule:
– Pythagorean Theorem:
• Descriptive reality:
– Most people underestimate x. (We anchor on 1 inch.)
• Prescription:
– Use normative rule (geometry). Don’t rely on intuition.
More Examples
• Normative rule:
– Lighter objects should
be judged as lighter.
• Descriptive reality:
– Sometimes our vision
tricks us.
• Prescription:
– Use an outside reference
or instrument
– Note: Pilots have specific
strategies for
counteracting visual
illusions
Which box looks lighter?
BUS143
6
Class Philosophy
• Overarching goal:
– Help you to.
BUS210 analysis – open question codesQ7a01 Monthly OK02 Not .docxcurwenmichaela
BUS210 analysis – open question codes
Q7a
01 Monthly OK
02 Not trading hours
03 Every 2 weeks
05 Don’t know
Q8
01 More information wanted
02 More security/Police
03 More involvement from business
04 Inconvenient times
05 Street activation needs improvement
06 Too busy to be involved
08 More outside main areas
Q11
01 Toilets
02 Security/Police
03 Problems with access
04 Better parking needed
05 Has been positive improvement
Q14
01 Pedestrian flows
02 Tourist/visitor information
03 Business statistics – local and general
D2 Business Types
01 Accommodation/hospitality
02 Retail
03 Bank
04 Café/fast food
05 Professional services
06 Travel
07 NGO/Charity
08 Manufacturing
09 Media/art
Questionnaire
Introduce: We have been commissioned by the X Sydney Council to conduct independent research of its BID members. The research will be used to improve Council activities. Your comments will be confidential.
For the following statement, can you tell me whether you agree or disagree? Then ask: is that strongly/mildly agree/disagree?
1 = strongly agree 2 = mildly agree 3 = mildly disagree 4 = strongly disagree
5 = Don’t know (don’t say) 6 = N/A (don’t say) READ OUT AS INDICATED IN QUESTIONS BELOW
Write in rating
START QUESTIONS HERE: Firstly, some questions about Council BID membership and street activation groups
Q1 (read out scale options) I’m active in the Council BID
Q2 (read out scale options again) Local businesses support the BID
Q3 The BID should be doing more for businesses in X Sydney
Q4 I am satisfied with the street activation activities organised by the Council BID
Q5 I participate in the BID street activation groups (yes/no question) if yes go to Q7
Yes/No
Q6 I am interested in participating in a BID street activation group
Q7 Do you think BID member meetings should be more frequent?
If yes, how often (write in) ……………………………………………
YES/NO/Don’t know
Q8 Do you have any comments in relation to the questions I’ve just asked?
(write in)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(read out) Now, Just a few questions about safety and amenities
Q9 (Read out scale again) Being able to access safety, crime prevention tools information and reporting forms all in one place through the BID website is something I value
Q10 The public space and amenity quality is good in the Council area
Q11 Do you have any comments about safety and amenities
(write in)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
And finally a few questions about communications (read out)
Q12 I a.
Bus101 quiz (Business Organizations)The due time is in 1hrs1 .docxcurwenmichaela
Bus101 quiz (Business Organizations)
The due time is in 1hrs
1/ Both socialism and communism are variations of:
Select one:
a. command economies.
b. competitive economies.
c. free-market economies.
d. plutocratic systems.
2 / To be effective, empowerment will require lower-level workers to :
Select one:
a. have more training.
b. accept less responsibility and lower wages.
c. receive less training.
d. have written policies regulating each aspect of their work.
3)
As a small business owner, Tanika can't afford to provide her employees with the high wages and benefits offered by big corporations. One way to retain her employees and create a high level of motivation would be to:
Select one:
a. threaten to fire her existing employees and hire new workers.
b. adopt a policy of promoting the workers who have been employed the longest.
c. empower her employees to develop their own ideas.
d. hire only family members, since they are more loyal.
4/
Anita is employed as plant manager for Mojo Industries, Incorporated. Though she spends some time performing all management functions, she is particularly concerned with tactical planning and controlling. Anita's position would be classified as part of Mojo's:
Select one:
a. top management.
b. lateral management.
c. supervisory management.
d. middle management.
5/
Which of the following policies would tend to foster entrepreneurship?
Select one:
a. establishing a currency that is tradable on world markets.
b. establishing more regulations to protect the environment.
c. developing policies to reduce corruption between individuals.
d. allowing public ownership of businesses.
6)
All else held equal, socially responsible firms:
Select one:
a. are viewed more favorably by consumers.
b. enjoy significantly higher profits.
c. often experience customer loyalty problems.
d. fail to earn sufficient profits for their owners.
7) After personal savings, the next largest source of capital for entrepreneurs is from:
Select one:
a. large multinational banks.
b. the Small Business Administration.
c. state and local governments.
d. friends and family.
8/
Patrick's Products has a manufacturing plant near Chicago. The plant specializes in compact washers and dryers for countries in which consumers have less living space. Patrick's Products participates in the global market through:
Select one:
a. importing.
b. dumping.
c. exporting.
d. balancing trade.
9/
Managers who listen to their subordinates and allow them to participate in decision-making are using the ____________ style of leadership.
Select one:
a. autocratic
b. free-rein
c. participative
d. bureaucratic
10/
Which of the following statements about partnerships is the most accurate?
Select one:
a. A partnership is simply a corporation with fewer than 100 owners.
b. A major advantage of a partnership is that it offers owners limited liability.
c. A major drawback of a partnership is that it is difficult to terminate.
d. Partnerships are taxed at the lowest corporate tax .
BUS 625 Week 4 Response to Discussion 2Guided Response Your.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 625 Week 4 Response to Discussion 2
Guided Response: Your initial response should be a minimum of 300 words in length. Respond to at least two of your classmates by commenting on their posts. Though two replies are the basic expectation for class discussions, for deeper engagement and learning, you are encouraged to provide responses to any comments or questions others have given to you.
Below there are two of my classmate’s discussion that needs I need to response to their names are Umadevi Sayana
and Britney Graves
Umadevi Sayana
TuesdayMar 17 at 7:50am
Manage Discussion Entry
Twitter mining analyzed the Twitter message in predicting, discovering, or investigating the causation. Twitter mining included text mining that designed specifically to leverage Twitter content and context tweets. With the use of text mining, twitter was able to include analysis of additional information that associates to tweets, which include hashtags, names, and other related characteristics. The mining also employs much information as several tweets, likes, retweets, and favorites trying to understand the considerations better. Twitter using text mining was successful in capturing and reflecting different events that relate to other conventional and social media. In 2013, there were over 500 million messages per day for twitter and became impossible for any human to analyze. It became important than to develop computer-based algorithms, including data mining. Twitter implements text mining in analyzing the sentiment that associates with twitter messages. It based on the analysis of the keyword that words are having a negative, positive, or neutral sentiment (Sunmoo, Noémie& Suzanne, (Links to an external site.)n.d). Positive words, for example like great, beautiful, love, and negative words of stupid, evil, and waste, do regularly have lexicons. Using text mining, Twitter was able to capture sentiments by capturing many dictionary symbols. Moreover, the sentiment applied to abbreviations, emoticons, and repeated characters, symbols, and abbreviations.
The sentiments on topics of economics, politics, and security are usually negative, and sentiments related to sports are harmful. Twitter also used text mining to collect and analyze for topic modeling techniques over time. To pull out the data from Twitter, TwitterR used. “Someone well versed in database architecture and data storage is needed to extract the relevant information in different databases and to merge them into a form that is useful for analysis” ( Sharpe, De Veaux & Velleman, 2019, p.753). It provides the interface that connects to Twitter web API; retweetedby/ids also used combined with RCurl package in finding out several tweets that retweeted. Text mining is also used in Twitter to clean the text by taking out hyperlinks, numbers, stop words, punctuations, followed by stem completion. Text mining also implemented for social network analysis.
Web mining focus on data knowledge discovery .
BUS 625 Week 2 Response for Discussion 1 & 2Week 2 Discussion 1 .docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 625 Week 2 Response for Discussion 1 & 2
Week 2 Discussion 1 Response
Guided Response: Your initial response should be a minimum of 300 words in length. Respond to at least two of your classmates by commenting on their posts. In your response, provide your own interpretation of their distribution graph. Note any differences between your classmate’s interpretation and your own. Though two replies are the basic expectation for class discussions, for deeper engagement and learning you are encouraged to provide responses to any comments or questions others have given to you. Continuing to engage with peers and the instructor will further the conversation and provide you with opportunities to demonstrate your content expertise, critical thinking, and real-world experiences with the discussion topics.
Below there are two of my classmate’s discussion that needs I need to response to their names are Kristopher Wentworth and Ashley Thiberville
Kristopher Wentworth
This graph is a representation of single people versus married couples from the year 1950 to the year 2019. This information was gathered and presented by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Census Bureau who have a good record of presenting accurate data and are highly credible. The U.S. Department of Commerce is responsible for promoting economic growth in the united states. The U.S. Census Bureau is an agency of the Federal government that is responsible for producing data about the people of America and the economy.
So, the graph that I chose to talk about is one showing the gap between how many people are married and how many people are single in the united states from 1950 - 2019. I chose this graph because it caught my attention right away because of the contrasting colors but also because of the information displayed. It is crazy to think that since 1950 the American population has more than doubled according to this graph and with the growing population, the numbers of married couples and singles rise too. However, if you look at the percentages of singles they haven't changed all too much. For example, the number of single Americans in 1950 was 37.3M and in 2019 it was 125.7M. Even with such a large population boom the percentage that was never married really hadn't changed going from 69% to 68%.
The presentation of this graph is excellent with the line graph being yellow and on a blue backdrop, it allows it to really stand out. The shape of the graph shows a sharp incline as the population in us explodes. Since this graph is focused on the single population of America it puts the focus on that with stats like "never been married, divorced, widowed" because there are multiple ways to be single and really only one way to be married.
Ashley Thiberville
The above histogram was compiled by the United States Census Bureau to show the rise of one-person households in the US. The Census Bureau is a branch of the Department of Commerce within the United States gov.
Bus 626 Week 6 - Discussion Forum 1Guided Response Respon.docxcurwenmichaela
Bus 626 Week 6 - Discussion Forum 1
Guided Response: Respond to at least two of your fellow students’ and to your instructor’s posts in a substantive manner and provide information or concepts that they may not have considered. Each response should have a minimum of 100 words. Support your position by using information from the week’s readings. You are encouraged to post your required replies earlier in the week to promote more meaningful and interactive discourse in this discussion forum. Continue to monitor the discussion forum until Day 7 and respond with robust dialogue to anyone who replies to your initial post.
Jocelyn Harnett
Egypt has a sizable trade deficit that has continued to grow through the 21st century. The country has imports that make up a third of GDP and exports that make up one tenth of GDP. Egypt has many critical trade partners that include China, the United States, and the Gulf Arab countries. Throughout history Egypt has had an unstable government which has led to an unstable economy. This is related to the fluctuations the country has experienced in tariffs and taxes. The country has stabilized in recent years, but the historic instability still remains a critical factor when considering the expansion of Wal-Mart into Egypt. The trade deficit would not be a concern under normal conditions due to the fact that this means money is flowing into the country and creating new opportunities, but because the government is not stable Wal-Mart would want to ascertain that money was being invested properly in the future. If money is not being utilized correctly than the trade deficit becomes a concern because future generations are inheriting a debt that had no payback associated with it. The exchange rate of the Egyptian pound has gotten stronger to the US Dollar, which is a good indicator the economy is heading in the correct direction. Wal-Mart expansion could benefit from getting into the market in Egypt at the right time to see major profits.
Egypt is a market that will continue to grow as the internal government becomes stabilized and the country continues to focus on improving the economic welfare of the people. Currently the market in Egypt is volatile and companies that select to make an investment here must be aware of the many different cultural aspects that will affect success. The government is working to “find solutions and solve difficulties for people and businesses” (Bawaba, 2019) and has seen success in the first half of 2019. “At the time of May 31, 2019, the whole country had 721,516 businesses doing business, increasing 23,921 enterprises (3.43 %) compared to the end of 2018.” (Bawaba, 2019). This sort of success validates a foreign company wanting to make an investment, but continued analysis of the country’s government stability will be needed before each new storefront is added.
References:
Bawaba, A. (2019). Egypt : "Reviewing tax policies, finding solutions to solve difficulties for people and .
BUS 499, Week 8 Corporate Governance Slide #TopicNarration.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 499, Week 8: Corporate Governance
Slide #
Topic
Narration
1
Introduction
Welcome to Senior Seminar in Business Administration.
In this lesson we will discuss Corporate Governance.
Please go to the next slide.
2
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe how corporate governance affects strategic decisions.
Please go to the next slide.
3
Supporting Topics
In order to achieve these objectives, the following supporting topics will be covered:
Separation of ownership and managerial control;
Ownership concentration;
Board of directors;
Market for corporate control;
International corporate governance; and
Governance mechanisms and ethical behavior.
Please go to the next slide.
4
Separation of Ownership and Managerial Control
To start off the lesson, corporate governance is defined as a set of mechanisms used to manage the relationship among stakeholders and to determine and control the strategic direction and performance of organizations. Corporate governance is concerned with identifying ways to ensure that decisionsare made effectively and that they facilitate strategic competitiveness. Another way to think of governance is to establish and maintain harmony between parties.
Traditionally, U. S. firms were managed by founder- owners and their descendants. As firms became larger the managerial revolution led to a separation of ownership and control in most large corporations. This control of the firm shifted from entrepreneurs to professional managers while ownership became dispersed among unorganized stockholders. Due to these changes modern public corporation was created and was based on the efficient separation of ownership and managerial control.
The separation of ownership and managerial control allows shareholders to purchase stock. This in turn entitles them to income from the firm’s operations after paying expenses. This requires that shareholders take a risk that the firm’s expenses may exceed its revenues.
Shareholders specialize in managing their investment risk. Those managing small firms also own a significant percentage of the firm and there is often less separation between ownership and managerial control. Meanwhile, in a large number of family owned firms, ownership and managerial control are not separated at all. The primary purpose of most large family firms is to increase the family’s wealth.
The separation between owners and managers creates an agencyrelationship. An agency relationship exists when one or more persons hire another person or persons as decision- making specialists to perform a service. As a result an agency relationship exists when one party delegates decision- making responsibility to a second party for compensation. Other examples of agency relationships are consultants and clients and insured and insurer. An agency relationship can also exist between managers and their employees, as well as between top- level managers and the firm’s owners.
The sep.
BUS 499, Week 6 Acquisition and Restructuring StrategiesSlide #.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 499, Week 6: Acquisition and Restructuring Strategies
Slide #
Topic
Narration
1
Introduction
Welcome to Business Administration.
In this lesson we will discuss Acquisition and Restructuring Strategies.
Please go to the next slide.
2
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm.
Please go to the next slide.
3
Supporting Topics
In order to achieve this objective, the following supporting topics will be covered:
The popularity of merger and acquisition strategies;
Reasons for acquisitions;
Problems in achieving acquisition success;
Effective acquisitions; and
Restructuring.
Please go to the next slide.
4
The Popularity of Merger and Acquisition Strategies
The acquisition strategy has been a popular strategy among U.S. firms for many years. Some believe that this strategy played a central role in an effective restructuring of U.S. business during the 1980s and 1990s and into the twenty-first century.
An acquisition strategy is sometimes used because of the uncertainty in the competitive landscape. A firm may make an acquisition to increase its market power because of a competitive threat, to enter a new market because of the opportunity available in that market, or to spread the risk due to the uncertain environment.
The strategic management process calls for an acquisition strategy to increase a firm’s strategic competitiveness as well as its returns to shareholders. Thus, an acquisition strategy should be used only when the acquiring firm will be able to increase its value through ownership of the acquired firm and the use of its assets.
Please go to the next slide.
5
Mergers, Acquisitions, and Takeovers
A merger is a strategy through which two firms agree to integrate their operations on a relatively coequal basis. Few true mergers actually occur, because one party is usually dominant in regard to market share or firm size.
An acquisition is a strategy through which one firm buys a controlling, or one hundred percent, interest in another firm with the intent of making the acquired firm a subsidiary business within its portfolio. In this case, the management of the acquired firm reports to the management of the acquiring firm. Although most mergers are friendly transactions, acquisitions can be friendly or unfriendly.
A takeover is a special type of an acquisition strategy wherein the target firm does not solicit the acquiring firm’s bid. The number of unsolicited takeover bids increased in the economic downturn of 2001 to 2002, a common occurrence in economic recessions; because the poorly managed firms that are undervalued relative to their assets are more easily identified.
On a comparative basis, acquisitions are more common than mergers and takeovers.
Please go to the next slide.
6
Reasons for Acquisitions
There are a number of reasons firms decide to acquire another company. These are:
Increased market power;
Overcoming entry barriers;
Co.
BUS 499, Week 4 Business-Level Strategy, Competitive Rivalry, and.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 499, Week 4: Business-Level Strategy, Competitive Rivalry, and Competitive Dynamics
Slide #
Topic
Narration
1
Introduction
Welcome to Senior Seminar in Business Administration.
In this lesson, we will discuss Business-Level Strategy, Competitive Rivalry, and Competitive Dynamics.
Next slide.
2
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm.
Next slide.
3
Supporting Topics
In order to achieve this objective, the following supporting topics will be covered:
Customers: their relationship with business-level strategies;
The purpose of a business-level strategy;
Types of business-level strategies;
A model of competitive rivalry;
Competitor analysis;
Drivers of competitive actions and responses;
Competitive rivalry;
Likelihood of attack;
Likelihood of response; and
Competitive dynamics.
Next slide.
4
Customer Relationships
Strategic competitiveness results only when the firm is able to satisfy a group of customers by using its competitive advantages as the basis for competing in individual product markets. A key reason firms must satisfy customers with their business-level strategy is that returns earned from relationships with customers are the lifeblood of all organizations. The most successful companies try to find new ways to satisfy current customers and/or meet the needs of new customers.
The firm’s relationships with its customers are strengthened when it delivers superior value to them. Strong interactive relationships with customers often provide the foundation for the firm’s efforts to profitably serve customers’ unique needs.
The reach dimension of relationships with customers is concerned with the firm’s access and connection to customers. Richness is concerned with the depth and detail of the two-way flow of information between the firm and the customer. Affiliation is concerned with facilitating useful interactions with customers.
Deciding who the target customer is that the firm intends to serve with its business-level strategy is an important decision. Companies divide customers into groups based on differences in the customers’ needs to make this decision. Dividing customers into groups based on their needs is called market segmentation, which is a process that clusters people with similar needs into individual and identifiable groups.
Next slide.
5
Customer Relationships, continued
After the firm decides who it will serve, it must identify the targeted customer group’s needs that its good or services can satisfy. Successful firms learn how to deliver to customers what they want and when they want it. In a general sense, needs are related to a product’s benefits and features. Having close and frequent interactions with both current and potential customers helps firms identify those individuals’ and groups’ current and future needs.
As explained in previous lessons, core competencies are resources and capabilities that serve as a source of.
BUS 437 Project Procurement Management Discussion QuestionsWe.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 437 Project Procurement Management Discussion Questions
Week 2 Discussion
“Effective Management.” There are three (3) recommendations for effective management of projects in concurrent multiphase environments: Organizational System Design, System Implementation, and Managing in Concurrent Engineering.· Which of these three (3) recommendations for effective management would you or do you use most often? Why?
Week 3 Discussion
Top of Form
“Managing Configuration and Data for Effective Project Management.” The process protocol model consists of thirteen (13) steps from Inception to Feedback.· What are the steps?· Can any be skipped in this process model? What are the steps?
Week 4 Discussion“Organizational Project Management Maturity Model.” Students will respond to the following:· What is the four-step process of innovation and learning and how can your organization apply these steps to manage a project?· Of the five (5) levels of an organizational project management maturity model, which level is often the most difficult to manage? Why?
INTEGRATED SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT
(FINC 300, INFO 300, MGMT 300, MKTG 300)
DUE: April 12, 2019
INSTRUCTIONS:
The objective of the integrated semester is to help you extend your knowledge of how the finance,
operations, management, and marketing disciplines work and how they integrate their functioning in
the real world of business. This assignment is an assessment of how well you understand this
integration. It is worth 10% of your course grade.
YOUR ASSIGNMENT IS TO ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS, IN A SINGLE DOCUMENT:
• The assignment should be prepared as a Word document, 12 -14 pages in length (approx. 3
pages for each discipline’s questions).
• The document should be double spaced, using Ariel font #12.
• Label each section (e.g., FINANCE) to indicate which discipline’s questions you are
answering.
• Add any Appendices at the end of the Word document.
• Upload the entire Word file through the link on Canvas to each of your Integrated Semester
courses by the due date.
Note: Your reference sources, in addition to the base case and question sets, should be online sites
and articles, Bloomberg terminals, your Integrated Semester textbooks and PowerPoint slides. Also
note, Turnitin, a software tool that improves writing and prevents plagiarism, will be used to assess
your sourcing of information. Do your own work.
FINANCE ASSIGNMENT
The objective of the integrated semester is to help you extend your knowledge of how the finance,
operations, management, and marketing disciplines work and how they integrate their functioning in
the real world of business. This assignment is an assessment of how well you understand this
integration. It is worth 10% of your course grade.
Use either the Bloomberg terminals located at the Feliciano School of Business or other reputable
sources such as finance.yahoo.com, morningstar.com or Wall Street Jo.
BUS 480.01HY Case Study Assignment Instructions .docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 480.01HY Case Study Assignment
Instructions
Instructions: Each of you have been assigned a company to complete a case study analysis report.
The case distribution can be found on BlackBoard (course content -> case study analysis - > case
study distribution). Complete a thorough research on your company in order to complete the
analysis. It is required for you to use scholarly journals and peer-reviewed articles, which can be
found on the University’s website in the library section. I have provided you with very detailed
information on how to complete a thorough case analysis report. I am available during my office
hours to discuss. I will also schedule a case analysis session during lunch time this week. If you are
able to make it, please attend for one-on-one assistance.
Your “draft is due this Thursday, October 11th. I am not looking for perfection here, but please do
your best in writing and researching. Your final product will be due on Thursday, October 18th.
BUS 480.01HY Case Study Assignment
Instructions
1. Format – please review the case study format guidelines placed on BlackBoard
The use of headers and sub-headers is strongly suggested
2. Submission
1. Submit to BlackBoard (course content -> case study analysis - > Case Study Analysis
Report). Failure to submit in proper area will result in a 0.
3. Introduction
In 3-4 paragraphs describe the case facts and background. This should include BRIEF
information about the firm, however do NOT simply duplicate what is in the case itself.
As things change quickly in business, you may wish to check the current status of the
firm and briefly discuss the most current information.
4. Body
This should be about 4-5 pages in length (minimum – this is only a guideline). Review
posted guidelines for more information/detail
a) State the Problem/Key Issues
What are the key marketing or business issues in the case? These might be problems,
opportunities or challenges the firm is facing. For example:
o Sales have declined by 10 percent in the last year.
o The competition has launched a new and innovative product.
o Consumer tastes have changed and the firm’s most successful product is at risk.
o The CEO made a public racial slur and has affected the company internally and
externally.
5. Conclusion (include recommendations in this section)
For the issues you identified above, you must identify potential solutions and analyze
each of them. For example, for the decline in sales noted above we might try any of the
following, among other options:
1. increase advertising
2. develop a new product
3. implement diversity training
4. launch a brand awareness campaign
For each of the alternatives, you should analyze the costs, benefits, resources required
and possible outcomes. Typically, you will have 3-4 of these alternatives. Any given
alternative solution might address multiple issues. If t.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
BUS 250Week 5Week 5 Instructor GuidanceBUS 250 Co.docx
1. BUS 250
Week 5
Week 5 Instructor Guidance
BUS 250: Corporate & Social Responsibility
BUS 250
Week 5
BUS 250 Course learning map
Week 1: Society and the Organization
Week 2: The Global Community and the Equitable Workplace
Week 3: The Organization’s Environmental Impact
Week 4: Internal Issues
Week 5: Social Media, Philanthropy, and Ethical Dilemmas
3
Week 5 Learning ActivitiesTaskDescriptionDueDiscussion
#1:Social MediaThurs, Day 3Discussion #2:Corporate
PhilanthropyThurs, Day 3Final PaperOrganization Ethical
DilemmasMon, Day 7
Assigned ReadingDescriptionSource Text: Chapter
10Leadership Challenges and Opportunities (Hammond &
Christensen, 2016)Article: Matthew & HeimerMatthews, C., &
Heimer, M. (2016). The 5 biggest corporate scandals of
2016. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2016/12/28/biggest-
2. corporate-scandals-2016/
Article: ShenShen, L. (2017). The 10 biggest business scandals
of 2017. Retrieved from
http://fortune.com/2017/12/31/biggest-corporate-scandals-
misconduct-2017-pr/
4
Week 5: Important notes
Written Assignment:
Note the page requirement of 8-10 pages
Note resource requirements of at least four scholarly sources (in
addition to text)
Note point value for this assignment!
Don’t forget your end of course survey!
LATE WORK is not permitted in week five!
5
This week you will learn to:
Evaluate the free speech of employees when giving opinions
about their employers in a public forum.
Analyze how companies can direct their giving strategically.
Synthesize previous learning outcomes in a final project
Week 5 Learning Objectives
6
3. Chapter 10
Leadership Challenges & Opportunities
Concepts
Leadership as Monarchy and Divine Right
Great Man Theory
Trait Theories
Behavioral Theories
Process Theories
Challenges
Waste Reduction
Social Equality
(Hammond & Christensen, Chapter 10 , 2016)
7
Trait theory
There are several trait theories. Two of the most popular are
Big Five
Sixteen Personality Factor Model
The big five personality theory was developed by McCrae
(Westerhoff, 2008). The five factors are extroversion,
openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism
(Westerhoff). Based on how high an individual scores in each
category, the trait theory can be used to describe personality.
For example, a successful salesperson would likely score high
in extroversion. Extroversion includes three measures:
4. communicativeness, initiative, and cheerfulness. High openness
scores are often seen in artists. Openness includes creativity and
novelty. A good example of someone who should have a high
agreeableness factor is an elementary school teacher.
Agreeableness includes empathy, warmth, and friendliness.
Those with high levels of conscientiousness include scientists
and accountants. Conscientiousness factors include discipline,
trust, and motivation. The final factor is neuroticism. This
factor measures emotional stability. Individuals how score high
in neuroticism are anxious, inhibited, lack self-assurance, and
are often more moody (Westerhoff).
How can trait tests help an organization?
8
Chapter 10
Leadership Challenges & Opportunities
Next Generation Leaders
Systems thinkers
Emotional intelligence
Collaborative skills
Transparent communication
Ethical behavior
Steward for the environment
Nonhierarchical Leadership
Continuous learning
(Hammond & Christensen, Chapter 10, 2016)
9
Emotional intelligence
5. Emotional intelligence measures both personality and
behavioral characteristics. Factors measured can include
Persistence
self-awareness
Diligence
impulse control
motivation
(Plaude & Rascevska, 2011).
Corporate Philanthropy
“Philanthropy can often be the most cost-effective way for a
company to improve its competitive context, enabling
companies to leverage the efforts and infrastructure of
nonprofits and other institutions” (Porter & Kramer, 2002).
Porter and Kramer (2002) posited that organizations can utilize
corporate philanthropy as a competitive advantage. They
suggested that using Porter’s four elements of competitive
context as a foundation would be the best method. The method
is based on four key elements. First is factor conditions (Porter
& Kramer). Attaining high productivity is dependent upon
several factors including high-quality technological and
scientific institutions, the availability of natural resources,
acceptable physical infrastructure, trained workers and,
efficient and transparent administrative processes (Porter &
Kramer).
6. Second, demand conditions include the size of the local market,
the sophistication of the customers in the market, and the
suitability of product standards (Porter & Kramer, 2002). The
more savvy the local customers are the more competitive the
market is likely to be. This is because the customers are better
able to provide insight that can help in innovation. The third
factor is the context for strategy and rivalry. This factor is
related to governance because rules, incentives, and societal
norms affect competition and have influence on productivity.
The final factor is related and supporting industries. An
organization’s productivity can be boosted through nearby
first-rate supporting industries and services (Porter & Kramer).
11
Organizational Ethical dilemmas
Commonly organizational mistakes that lead to ethical
dilemmas
Leadership does not model the appropriate behaviors
Leaders act entitled
Cutting corners to meet misplaced incentives or being rewarded
for the wrong things
Employees feeling they must obey leadership even when they
know they are being asked to do something wrong.
Fear of conflict
Defensive logic – The everyone else is doing it theory
(Ceplenski, 2013)
Additional Resources
From Ashford’s Library –
Are we allowed to discipline employee who badmouthed boss on
7. Facebook? (2017, Mar. 11) HR Specialist: Minnesota
Employment Law Apr. 2016: 8. Business Insights: Global.
Lipton, J. (2007, August 14). Mattel gets the lead out. Forbes.
Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/2007/08/14/mattel-
china-recall- markets-equity-cx_jl_0814markets12.html
Story, L. (2007, August 2). Lead paint prompts Mattel to recall
967,000 toys. New York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com
Story, L., & Barboza, D. (2007, August 15). Mattel recalls 19
million toys sent from China. New York Times. Retrieved
from http://www.nytimes.com
Update if applicable.
13
Additional resources
From Ashford’s Library – Films on Demand
Philanthropy, Inc.: The bottom line on corporate charity [Video
file]. (2012). Retrieved from
http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=100753
&xtid=53327
Philanthropy, Inc.: The bottom line on corporate charity [Video
file]. (2012). Retrieved from
http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=100753
&xtid=53327
Any questions?
Please post your questions in the Ask the Instructor thread.
8. References
Hammond, S. C., & Christensen, L. J. (2016). Corporate and
social responsibility: Road map for a sustainable future. San
Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2002, December). The
competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard
Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2002/12/the-
competitive-advantage-of- corporate-philanthropy
Westerhoff, N. (2008, Dec. 17). The “big five” personality
traits. Scientific American. Retrieved from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-big-five/
16
16
Why Geography Matters
Discussion Points Template
Name: __________________________________
Chapter #: ____________
Directions: Use this form to prepare key points from the text for
in-class discussion. Under the analysis sections, include your
own thoughts and interpretations, why the quote or key point is
important, connections to other parts of the text or your own
experiences, etc. Also, be sure to cite any and all essential
elements or geographic concepts that apply as you discuss them.
Finally, include a key geographic understanding—or
takeaway—that you gleaned from the chapter, explaining the
connection to the geography and why it resonated with you.
9. Page #:
Author Quote or Key Point:
Analysis:
Page #:
Author Quote or Key Point:
Analysis:
Page #:
Author Quote or Key Point:
Analysis:
Chapter Key Geographic Understanding:
11. 1. The concept and meaning of leadership has remained
relatively constant over time. T/F
2. Trait theories of leadership opened the door for leadership
training. T/F
3. Waste reduction and social equity have always been the
concerns of corporate
leaders. T/F
Answers can be found at the end of the chapter.
Introduction
Every generation defines and redefines the concept of
leadership as it faces the challenges
of its era. Certainly, some time periods provide more material
and opportunity for reflection
than others. For example, in 1862, as the fractured United States
fought the Civil War, Presi-
dent Abraham Lincoln said, “The dogmas of the quiet past are
inadequate to the stormy pres-
ent. The occasion is piled high with difficulty and we must rise
with the occasion. As our case is
new, so we must think anew and act anew” (as cited in Woolley
& Peters, 2015).
Part of Lincoln’s legacy stemmed from his ability to “think and
act anew.” While the issues
facing our globalized world significantly differ compared to the
1800s, some themes remain
the same: When it comes to issues like CSR and sustainability,
it seems necessary for brave
people to think and act anew. This chapter examines how the
next generation of leaders can
begin this process. If society is to face new problems in a novel
way, completing such tasks is
13. Leadership as Monarchy and Divine Right
Western cultural norms about leadership have strong roots in a
patriarchal and monarchical
social structure—a male-dominated social order in which royal
families prevailed. In this
property- and lineage-based mind-set, the fundamental
assumption was that kings and
queens (or other monarchs) were entitled to the positions they
held (in some cases such posi-
tions were considered to be appointed, or at least approved, by a
deity). Typically, in monar-
chies positions of power are transferred based on lineage. The
average person has little access
to the monarchs; rather, he or she has to contribute significantly
to the well-being of more
powerful people. In monarchies, leadership historically came
from “an outside source, the
power of the original source of delegation or control—divine,
delegated, hereditary, or raw
force” (Miller, 2004, p.110). In other words, leadership came as
a divine right but was often
maintained by brute force.
In a world dominated by divine right, lead-
ership was completely self-justified. It was
more about authority and control and less
about collaboration and information. A
king, queen, emperor, sultan, or shogun
each had authority over the local world, and
most sought to expand access to resources
in competition against other kingdoms or
principalities. In other words, it was the role
of the monarch to obtain as many resources
as possible and protect his or her people
from other monarchs who also wanted
to acquire more resources. This changed
14. as leadership theory evolved and moved
toward a CSR mind-set and generated an
expectation of sustainability.
Great Man Theory
As a result of the historical dominance of certain families and
monarchies, it is not surprising
that the first management theories about leadership were called
“great man theories.” These
assume that a leader is both born in the right place and
developed to protect against the chaos
of nature and malevolent others. Also, despite exceptions such
as Joan of Arc or Queen Eliza-
beth, as a cultural by-product of the times, it was typically
assumed that all leaders would be
men. In terms of how this relates to CSR, such thinking
suggests that dominance and compe-
tition define and characterize leaders. While leadership thinking
has changed and matured,
such a mind-set may still characterize lingering attitudes about
nature and larger society.
Monarchies gave way to forms of democracy and capitalism, but
conceptualizations of lead-
ership did not really change at first. Great man theories of
leadership replaced the idea that
leaders were simply leaders by birthright, though they continued
to imply that leaders were
special people, and usually men, who developed leadership
traits.
Stefan Wermuth/AP
Despite sharing more leadership and power,
Queen Elizabeth II and her family are an exam-
ple of a monarchy.
16. century’s social order—at the time
almost all leaders were White males with access to property and
sources of wealth.
In 1948 one of the first trait theorists, Ralph Stogdill, published
an article in the Journal of
Psychology titled “Personal Factors Associated With
Leadership.” Stogdill’s research showed
that leaders’ characteristics included capacity, achievement,
responsibility, participation, and
status. Other trait theories, whether based on research or not,
argued that leaders must have
subjective characteristics like charisma, be smart in specific
ways, and generally be male.
Trait theory maintained that leaders are born but also suggested
that leaders must develop
certain traits to leverage their birth advantages into effective
leadership. Trait theories led to
the suggestion that leaders demonstrate consistent behaviors and
tendencies in certain situa-
tions and popularized the idea that people can enhance their
natural skills and abilities. Trait
theories also opened the door to the democratization of talent
and leadership. Scholars and
philosophers began to argue that leadership traits could be
learned and replicated by differ-
ent people, perhaps even those who are different from the
majority.
Behavioral Theories
As leadership behaviors were identified as a key factor of a
firm’s success, behavioral theory
began to emerge in the 1950s as a way to promote corporate
success. Rather than focusing
on traits intrinsic to an individual, behavioral theories look
outside the leader and focus on
18. from these male-dominated, trait-dominated, and command-and-
control orientations toward
process theories of leadership, which bring workplaces closer to
the concept of sustainability
and CSR.
Process Theory
The next leadership theory to emerge employed concepts related
to sustainability. In 1991
scholar Margaret Wheatley wrote Leadership and the New
Science. The book is a primer for
systems theory and complexity theory in leadership, and it
emphasizes a process theory
of leadership. This theory posits that leadership cannot simply
be observed (think of traits
or behaviors), nor does it flow in one direction, from leader to
follower. Rather, leadership
occurs when leaders apply knowledge and skills to their
interactions with others. Impor-
tantly, process theories view leadership as bidirectional, where
learning flows between
leader and follower; in fact, the very construct of “leader” and
“follower” are less useful and
thus downplayed in process theories. Wheatley (2006)
postulates that leadership should be
viewed through the lens of chaos theory to best understand how
organizations really work—
the result of using such a lens is that leaders will take a systems
view of the organization
and seek to involve as many stakeholders as possible in
decision-making processes. Prior
to Wheatley, other relationship-based mind-sets, including those
put forth by scholars who
discuss servant leadership (Greenleaf, 1977) or theory Z
leadership (Ouchi, 1981), argued for
a more holistic view of what leadership is and could be, which
19. brings us closer to a sustain-
ability and pro-CSR model.
A process theory of leadership remains central to those who
embrace the concept of sustain-
ability. It encompasses the idea of traits, in that all leaders must
have certain traits or capaci-
ties that match the challenges they face. But process theory also
encompasses a contingency
theory of leadership because certain traits match certain
environments, and no single trait
ensures success in all environments. The process theory of
leadership puts managers beyond
the “win–lose” traditions of older theories and toward a more
holistic approach that pays
attention to important social and environmental relationships.
For example, research from author Jim Collins argues for what
he calls level 5 leadership. In
his best-selling book Good to Great, Collins (2001) shows why
some companies remain simply
functional and “good,” as opposed to becoming “great,” which
tends to mean highly profitable
and composed of engaged and loyal employees. Collins claims
that level 5 leadership reflects
a general concern for a leader’s character and motivation and
for all involved in the process.
He proposes that everyone should be involved in the process of
leadership, including share-
holders, employees, suppliers, customers, and people in the
community.
Process theories of leadership are potentially more compatible
with the challenges of the
future, which are likely to be entirely different from challenges
of the past. The next sections
21. contemporary ideas such as waste
reduction, social equality, and environmental responsibility, all
of which matter to many mod-
ern corporate leaders.
Waste Reduction
The rise of the corporation began about 250 years ago, when
social interests led to the cre-
ation of hospitals, and political–business interests such as those
of the British East India Com-
pany (Rao, 2011) or the Hudson’s Bay Company became tools
for economic conquest. Accord-
ing to Rao, globalization created the corporation because large-
scale enterprise was needed
to dominate in a world where competition remained unchecked.
In such corporate environ-
ments, leaders were expected to compete and dominate.
Moderation, social responsibility,
and waste reduction were not visible or important to governing
boards or investors.
For example, the Hudson’s Bay Company, one of the oldest
corporations in the world, was
charted by the British to trade with North American natives and
secure a steady supply of
fur. It was also used to politically and economically dominate
North America, at one time
claiming more than 15% of the continent as its “territory.” But
as hunting grounds in the east
were depleted and fur became scarce, the trappers and traders
working for the corporation
moved west to find new territories. There was no leadership or
discussion of topics such as
conservation, waste reduction, care for the environment, or even
care for the native people
who supplied the fur (Carlos & Lewis, 1993). The Hudson’s Bay
23. history, the issue remains alive
today as corporations, particularly in global environments,
grapple with how people, even
children, are compelled to work. The question of social equity
and work participation is a
permanent challenge for corporations.
Similarly, labor relations and workers’ rights are permanent
leadership challenges. Corpora-
tions have a long and deep history of challenging what is now
regarded as workers’ right to
organize in a labor union. In 1894 presidential candidate
Eugene Debs worked to unionize
the Pullman railroad car company in Chicago. The local workers
were convinced to strike, and
other rail workers’ unions also went on strike in support of their
colleagues in Chicago. By
summer, more than 125,000 workers were on strike, shutting
down the ever-important rail
system in the United States. There were riots, clashes, and an
eventual resolution, but more
than 60 people died and more than $80 million in damages was
caused in an effort to deny
workers the right to organize (Papke, 1999).
Gender inequity is another permanent leadership challenge. One
hundred years ago, women
did not generally participate as corporate employees. In World
War II many women took
over factory positions held by men who were called into
combat. By the 1950s women were
not just on the floor of the factories but in their boardrooms. By
the 1970s the wage equity
debate was raging, and it continues today. Achieving gender
equity and creating appropriate
work environments for people of all gender identities are an
25. Table 10.1: The evolution of a next-generation leader
Old Leadership Style New Leadership Style
Leader as: Head, director
Top of the hierarchy
Colleague, collaborator
Systems thinker
Scale: Loyal to local
Zoom in
Global citizen
Zoom out
Critical skills: Expert
Impose
Emotionally intelligent
Empathy
Lead by: Control
Sole problem solver
Collaboration
Problem clarifier; joint problem solver
Communication: Top down
Dialectic
Transparent
Dialogic
Ethics: Bigger is better Leaner is better
26. Environment: Exploit
Polluter
Explore
Steward
Organize by: Hierarchy
Geography
Information flow
Virtual proximity
Learning is: A prerequisite
A luxury
A cost
An ongoing process
A necessity
An investment
Source: Hammond, S. and Christensen, L. (2016). “The New
Generation Leader [unpublished paper].” Reprinted with
permission.
Systems Thinker
This entire text emphasizes the value of systems thinking. Here,
we specifically emphasize
that next-generation leaders cannot skip developing this mind-
set. For decades, the opposite
of systems thinking—a mind-set called scientific
reductionism—was considered the way lead-
ers could solve most problems. Reductionism was based on the
philosophy of René Descartes
and Isaac Newton. It was popularized by other scientists as they
explored an ever-smaller
universe looking for miniscule molecules, atoms, or quarks to
28. how deep to investigate, inspect,
and verify the connections.
As discussed in Chapter 2, systems thinkers view a business
enterprise or corporation as part
of a complex and dynamic whole. In a dynamic system,
corporate actors interact with govern-
ment, the environment, individuals, the community, and other
entities under the principles of
complex systems. Energy and materials flow into a complex
system. These are processed and
flow out of the system through boundaries that define the
system. However, those boundaries
are always problematic. For example, it can be challenging for
an employee to know the exact
boundary between work and social life. For a company, it can
be difficult to know the bound-
ary between the corporation and the community. The truth is
that our social lives are tied up
at work and are part of a community. In other words, every
system is part of a larger one, and
it is often difficult to distinguish the boundaries between the
two. Helping define, protect,
and clarify boundaries may be one job for future leaders who
support colleagues in creating
a socially responsible and sustainable world.
Features of systems thinking that next-generation leaders will
need to consider include the
following:
• Systems function with lots of information. In business,
raw materials are useless
unless one knows how to turn the raw product into something
more valuable. Accord-
ingly, systems thinkers spend considerable time talking about
29. learning organizations.
New knowledge is essential to keep a system alive (Senge,
1990).
• Systems also seek equilibrium. Certain patterns are visible
in the behavior of any
system, but patterns are subject to interpretation and are often
unclear. Also, some
amount of randomness or chaos influences the behavior of every
system. This makes
challenges of leadership particularly difficult, because while the
leader is trying to
bring equilibrium to the system, he or she cannot fully take into
account the patterns
that influence it; nor can he or she or account for random
events.
• Systems are composed of many parts. A leader who adopts
a systems theory per-
spective understands that the system has many parts that
interact through rela-
tionships. Corporate systems are nested inside other systems
with which they
overlap. Over time, systems change, as do inputs, processes,
and the ability to
provide a value-added output. Some of those changes are out of
the leader’s control
(Skyttner, 2006).
How does being a systems thinker make a next-generation
leader different from the leaders
of the past? Good advice has emerged from Colonel George E.
Reed, the director of Command
and Leadership Studies at the U.S. Army War College. When
contemplating how tomorrow’s
leaders can adopt and apply systems thinking, he suggests the
31. are generally areas
where the corporation performs a service or adds value. For
example, a hospital
performs surgery (among other things).
Step 4: Create a way to visually represent the corporate system
that could be shown
to any of its stakeholders. Your map should show the following:
The types of key stakeholders.
The relationship between key stakeholders.
The relationship between key stakeholders and critical
processes.
Critical process in the form of inputs, processes, and outputs.
The system’s relationship with the broader environment.
Step 5: List all critical relationships and processes. Ask:
How can the corporation’s leader better manage key
relationships?
How can critical processes improve?
How is the corporation impacting the environment?
Global Citizen
Becoming an active and effective systems thinker means
considering factors beyond one’s
own neighborhood, corporation, or immediate work
environment. One has to look at the
broader communities and ecosystems in which these elements
reside. For most, this means
becoming a global citizen. Doing so does not mean giving up
citizenship in one’s own local
community, nor does it mean abandoning any kind of nationalist
or patriotic spirit. Being
a global citizen means taking responsibility for problems that
require local and potentially
global solutions. A global citizen understands the needs of the
whole and considers those
33. The UN defined what it means to be a global citizen by
authoring and publishing the Dec-
laration of Emerging Human Rights. Being a global citizen
means taking both a critical and
transformative perspective regarding corporations, society, and
the environment. The docu-
ment argues that a global citizen has both rights and
responsibilities. Advocates of the Dec-
laration of Human Rights elaborated on it, extending its reach to
create a more harmonious
world motivated by citizens unafraid of oppression and willing
to adopt innovative thinking
(O’Sullivan, 2008).
Authors Graham Pike and David Selby offer leaders a slight
twist on the concept of global citi-
zenship. They have developed the concept of world-mindedness,
which involves understand-
ing the world as one unified system. Global citizens have a
responsibility to advocate not only
for their own interests, but for the interests of the whole planet.
This holistic understanding
attends to a broader set of human values and beliefs and
encourages people to appreciate
broader global systems and issues and to have better cross-
cultural understandings (Pike &
Selby, 2000).
Previous chapters described the elements of cross-cultural
difference. What we term the
“next-generation leader” will navigate cultural complexity, with
all its nuances and difficul-
ties. It would be inaccurate to assume there is a unified culture
anywhere. Many cultures are
individualist, while others are collectivist. Some are
34. universalist, while some remain particu-
larist (see Chapter 4.3). Next-generation leaders will have to
navigate these differences and
find a “third way” or viable path that can blend the virtues and
vices of multiple cultures. The
third way is one that does not violate any one cultural
perspective. It is a cocreated option
where people with unified intentions but different cultural
values come together to make
progress despite cultural differences. The ability to search for
and find a third way remains
the ultimate task of a global citizen.
Emotional Intelligence
Older concepts of leadership regarded intelligence as having
expertise in math, language, or
an organizationally specific technical skill. People of older
mind-sets often assumed that the
smartest person in the room would make the best leader. Author
and scholar Daniel Goleman
(Goleman, Boyatzis, & McKee, 2003; Goleman, 2004) provides
a different perspective, specifi-
cally regarding the concept of emotional intelligence, which he
says is an essential character-
istic of effective leaders.
According to Goleman’s research, emotional intelligence
primarily involves being self-
aware, which is different from being globally aware (Goleman
et al., 2003). That means having
social skills that involve empathy and considering others’
feelings when making leadership
decisions. It also means, on a personal level, that the leader has
self-awareness and under-
stands his or her own emotions, strengths, weaknesses, and
motivations. Goleman (2004)
36. Collaborative Skills
Collaborative skills may be among a leader’s most critical as he
or she works to create a sus-
tainable corporation. Leaders must be able to seek, hear, and
integrate the expertise of oth-
ers to find optimal solutions to problems. In doing so, they
often face task ambiguity, which
describes situations that are constantly changing. Leaders often
do not know which prob-
lems demand time, the significance of these problems, or how to
get past them to focus on
more important matters. Sometimes the best way to emerge from
such ambiguity requires
collaboration.
Research by Gratton and Erickson (2007) found that
collaboration improves when individu-
als’ and team members’ roles are clearly defined and well
understood. In other words, col-
laboration improves when leaders create an environment where
others’ expertise is known
and valued. Without role clarity, team members are likely to
waste time negotiating roles and
protecting turf rather than focusing on the problems at hand.
Gratton and Erickson (2007)
also found that team members are more likely to want to
collaborate in environments where
there is some degree of ambiguity. In such situations, leaders do
not define the problem and
simply tell others to tackle known solutions. Instead, ambiguous
situations feature team
members helping after leaders describe priorities. Through
dialogue, the team creates solu-
tions together. In this way, collaboration enables problem
solving (Gratton & Erickson, 2007).
38. solve complex problems. A com-
plex problem is one that is more complicated than any one
person can solve alone. Most prob-
lems that leaders face today require multiple experts to solve. In
addition to finding such
experts, a leader must also motivate people to implement
solutions. Research shows that
people are more likely to embrace and successfully implement
solutions when they are part
of defining the problem and finding its solution (Hammond,
Cissna, & Anderson, 2003).
Transparent Communication
Working with others requires strong communication skills, and
both parties must be open,
honest, and transparent about their incentives, biases, and
motivations. Corporations of the
future face increased public scrutiny and government
regulation, which requires greater
transparency from the organization and all of its
representatives. Transparency will also be
an issue within corporations, in terms of how employees relate
to each other and employee
rights (discussed in Chapter 3)—particularly in corporations
over which employees have
some ownership. Partial owners expect to know more about how
and why decisions are
made; this trend will likely continue in the future. Relatedly, as
discussed in Chapter 6, leaders
have strong obligations to act as fiduciaries. When issues of
equity (see Chapter 7) add to the
complexities of fiduciary relationships, next-generation leaders
face the additional challenge
of balancing relationships with transparency while maintaining
competitive standing in the
marketplace.
39. Interestingly, people are conscious of what others are watching;
transparency allows others
to see and be seen making choices. For next-generation leaders
it will be difficult but essential
to create an environment that fosters values and practices
transparency—and the best way to
encourage such behavior is to personally model it.
Researchers Schnackenberg and Tomlinson (2014) suggest there
are three kinds of impor-
tant transparency: information disclosure, clarity, and accuracy.
Information disclosure means
that people within a system must have access to all other
information generated by that sys-
tem. Clarity refers to information that is clear, understandable,
and usable. Accuracy means
that information generated by the system is correct enough for
consumers to make sound and
informed decisions. While many corporations are concerned
about keeping trade secrets and
protecting intellectual property, some stakeholders encourage
leaders and others to practice
radical transparency. This is a leadership practice whereby the
majority of decision making
is public. In other words, documents, arguments in support or
against a proposal, and final
decisions are public and remain publicly archived
(Schnackenberg & Tomlinson, 2014).
In a 2012 article published in the Harvard Business Review,
Smith and Tabibnia claim that
radical transparency could be good for business. As evidence,
they cite the private research
firm Qualtrics, whose leaders make performance appraisal data
on every employee available
41. the overall stated goal of lean management is to create a more
efficient company, the Six
Sigma system and the Shingo model described in Chapter 1
articulate important principles
that also reflect deep ethical values about how people should
treat each other.
Michael Ballé (2015), executive coach, author, and cofounder of
Institut Lean France, identi-
fies 10 practical choices that “lean” leaders often make. Each
has an ethical or socially respon-
sible principle at its core and an organization’s long-term
sustainability as its goal.
The first practical choice of lean leadership is to put customer
satisfaction over company
interests. Always acting in the company’s self-interest instead
of putting customers first can
lead to unethical or socially irresponsible behaviors. Attending
to the customers’ needs in the
short term helps build a long-term relationship, which in turn
ensures satisfaction and can
lead to greater sustainability when firms gain customer loyalty.
The second practical choice in lean leadership is that facts are
preferred to data. Data are sub-
ject to interpretation, while facts are imbued with context and
are thus capable of directing
action. Employees are more likely to give input when they know
they will be protected by a
corporate culture that relies on facts rather than on the
interpretation of data.
The third practical choice of lean leaders is to see problems as
learning opportunities, rather
than occasions for blame. Lean organizations place a high value
43. contributions from individual members.
The sixth practical choice is to fix problems when they occur
and avoid succumbing to a cycle
where people work first and fix later. This allows employees
and leaders to take responsibility
for their part of the system. They need to understand how they
are part of the system (sys-
tems theory) and how each part impacts other parts. Failing to
fix problems immediately can
amplify an issue.
The seventh principle involves seeking continuous improvement
instead of focusing on pro-
cedural stability. Managers should acknowledge that ongoing
improvement is essential for a
sustainable and socially responsible company.
Ballé’s (2015) eighth practical choice is that leaders should
understand work details, instead
of having a mere general overview. A detailed understanding of
work acknowledges that a
leader needs and values others’ expertise. It also acknowledges
that all workers contribute
important understanding to work processes. Leaders are more
likely to handle ethical issues
successfully when they are close to the work and to employees.
The ninth practical decision is to value instruction and
improvement over command and con-
trol behaviors. Lean management systems value nonhierarchical
organizational structures
rather than the command and control often created by a
hierarchy.
The tenth decision involves leaders focusing on value-adding
44. employees rather than finan-
cial aspects. Ballé (2015) acknowledges that ideas from value-
adding employees constitute
an important asset of any corporation. This leads to treating
employees more ethically and
humanely and acknowledges their contribution. It may also lead
to fairer compensation,
including allowing them to share in the risk of venture. It
essentially suggests that investing
in individuals makes more sense than investing in big ideas
without knowing who or how
they help.
Ballé (2015) discusses the difficulty of imposing such ethics on
any organization. He acknowl-
edges that some employees and managers simply do not want to
work in ways that adhere to
these ideals. However, these choices suggest how management
principles such as Six Sigma
can guide the creation and manufacture of products, as well as
leaders’ humane and ethical
behavior (Ballé, 2015).
Steward for the Environment
Treating others with respect, leading with humility, reducing
pollution and waste, and pro-
tecting the environment by minimizing impact make a business
more efficient—but they also
make it more ethical in terms of humans and the environment.
Implementing these strategies
as well as lean management principles indicates that one is
oriented toward ethical behavior
and focused on being a steward.
In Chapter 1.4 we discussed reducing waste, which led us to the
more in-depth discussion in
46. he or she acts on behalf of the
organization and if he or she forwards the causes that matter to
the majority within the orga-
nization. Under such a paradigm, the new leader could be you.
In this new model of leadership, leaders are not simply
clustered at the top of the organiza-
tion— they are dispersed throughout it. Communication flows
not just through a hierarchy
but is based on need. Older models of leadership reinforced
hierarchies that controlled and
distributed information. For the most part, old models of
leadership depended on singular
individuals framed as heroes and saviors. Margaret Wheatley
and Deborah Frieze (2011) dis-
cuss this issue in their article titled “Leadership in the Age of
Complexity: From Hero to Host.”
They argue that next-generation leaders who advocate for
sustainable systems will more
likely be hosts (people who gather others) rather than heroes
(people who work in relative
isolation). Wheatley and Frieze suggest that humans build
hierarchies and organizations that
are top heavy in order to glorify people above and pass
responsibility on to them. The authors
suggest that, in contrast to such a top-leaning bias, corporate
responsibility is distributed
among all stakeholders—no one should wait for a heroic leader
to stand out. People should
convene others or initiate change themselves.
Like many leadership scholars, Wheatley and Frieze (2011) see
that the complexity of prob-
lems requires leadership at all levels of an organization. But it
may also require fewer levels
in each organization. No longer can we completely trust in the
48. number has steadily grown for
decades. In addition, the number of hours that employees spend
in corporate-sponsored
learning is also increasing. The average employee now spends
more than 1 week per year
in company-sponsored training (“2014 Training Industry
Report,” 2014). Next-generation
leaders will likely continue to emphasize continuous learning
for themselves and those
they influence.
Leadership scholar J. B. Ritchie (Ritchie & Hammond, 2005)
discusses the differences between
students and scholars in the article “We (Still) Need a World of
Scholar–Leaders.” He notes that
many teaching practices use the downloading metaphor from
computer science to describe
the relationship between professor and student (Ritchie &
Hammond, 2005). Interestingly,
the downloading metaphor follows the outdated great man
model of leadership, with the
assumption that an employee takes direction from the leader and
the leader expects employ-
ees to implement directions.
As an alternative, Ritchie and Hammond (2005) suggest that
both managers and employees
adopt the purview of scholar by asking questions in anticipation
of learning how to handle
future problems. A scholar acts as if he or she owns the future
and assumes responsibility
for it (Ritchie & Hammond, 2005). This observation implies
that the world needs more lead-
ers who are scholars—versus leaders who want someone else’s
approval. Followers who
are students are abundant, but leaders who assume
50. the company was one of
the earliest examples of pioneering CSR and sustainability.
Such a focus was important
because clothing manufacturing creates air and water pollution
and generates human
health concerns for workers. To learn about the extent of the
problem at Patagonia,
Chouinard commissioned LCAs (see Chapter 8) on 150 of its
most popular products,
which represent 80% of Patagonia’s sales (Chouinard &
Stanley, 2012). For example,
manufacturing a Patagonia polo shirt emits 21 pounds of carbon
dioxide, which is emitted
when product materials travel from a farm to a warehouse
(Chouinard & Stanley, 2012).
Using this information, Chouinard supported strategies to
increase efficiency in the supply
chain to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and landfill space.
Today Patagonia’s actions to
increase CSR and sustainability include the following:
• Using cotton, down insulation, and wool that can be
traced back to its original
source
• Promoting the idea that consumers should reuse and
recycle Patagonia products
by offering to repair used items
• Offering a living wage and good working conditions for
factory workers
• Participating in fair trade growing and purchasing
behaviors for raw materials
(Patagonia, n.d.)
51. Patagonia’s success illustrates how a leader can turn passion for
the environment into
business practices that defy current norms, exemplify systems
thinking, and reflect
modern-day leadership.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter we examined traditional views of leadership and
contrasted them with more
modern ideas about distributed leadership. We described how
such early theories can be
inadequate in helping leaders meet the challenge of building
socially responsible and envi-
ronmentally sustainable corporations. Society may need new
ideas about leadership in order
to creatively lead for a different future.
Next-generation leaders will face a world with more connection
and public accountability
for some choices, so men and women who participate in the
workforce will face some of the
challenges described in this chapter. This chapter specifically
addressed characteristics that
may help those who consider themselves as having leadership
potential and opportunities
address ongoing challenges. While these qualities and
considerations are not comprehen-
sive, they do underscore the importance of systems thinking,
collaboration, ethical behavior
through environmental responsibility, global citizenship, and
continuous learning. It is not an
accident that both this chapter and book end on an appeal for
continuous learning. In an ever-
changing world, the only way to keep up with that change is to
constantly learn and respond
in collaboration with others.
54. suggests everyone can be a
leader? If so, is that bad? Explain your reasoning.
3. Think about a leader you know. What are his or her positive
traits? Positive behav-
iors? Is he or she a systems thinker?
4. In older theories of leadership, why were women excluded?
How does including
women change our definition of leadership?
5. Can you think of a leader who has exhibited emotional
intelligence? What about one
who has not?
6. What does a systems thinker leader see and do that is
different from a leader who
is not?
7. Why is continuous learning critical to leadership success?
8. Transparency can be considered a good and bad thing. What
are the advantages and
disadvantages of transparency?
Additional Resources
Additional information on leadership theories can be found at:
http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Int-
Loc/Leadership-Theories-and-
Studies.html
Learn more about servant leadership here:
https://www.greenleaf.org/what-is-servant-leadership
Learn more about emotional intelligence and effective
leadership here:
56. first.
5. The leaders of the future will be faced with many challenges,
but the rising cost of
land is not a major issue and was not addressed in the text.
6. The organization of the future will hold everyone within the
organization responsible
but will also likely provide ownership incentives.
Key Terms
behavioral theories Leadership theo-
ries based on behaviors that can largely be
learned.
collaborative skills Skills that allow one to
work well with other people.
continuous learning A commitment to
lifelong learning regardless of organizational
position.
divine right The assumption that leaders
are made by right of birth and chosen by
God.
emotional intelligence A leadership trait
involving self-awareness and empathy.
global citizen A leader who accounts for
his or her global and local relationships.
great man theory A theory of leadership
that assumes that some elite men are born
to be leaders.