Although Bulgaria already obtains 18% of its energy from renewable sources, there is still potential to exploit biomass in particular. In 2012, Bulgaria experienced the world's tenth highest growth in new wind farms and added 712 MW of solar capacity. Such growth was driven by feed-in tariffs for renewable electricity. Bulgaria aims to obtain 16% of its energy from renewables by 2020 under an EU directive.
International energy partnership program manuscript instructions: case BulgariaSimeon Arnaudov
Green economic growth became slogan of thousands public and private activities, nevertheless there are arguments for switching to low-carbon, high-efficiency energy systems disregard enormous investment cost. Innovative energy technologies are able to reduce carbone emissions in aim to limit or avoid climate change directs the public debate. However renewable energy source reduced dependence on imported energy, suspension of conflicts over energy resources, and the increasing price of fossil fuels also are motivate actions. Nonetheless, the potential price and difficulty of doing the transition to a new energy system have brought forted essential opposition from fortified economic interests and consumers equally. In this paper we investigate whether and how photovoltaic power plants as case of renewable energy growing market as Bulgaria do, could become an economic occasion rather than a precious burden. Could a photovoltaic energy capacity induce net economic growth rather than social pay off burden? Analyzing foreign (Korean) direct investment as photovoltaic power plant case study as example of some successful or unsuccessful practices of rapidly growing domestic renewable market. Our aim is this paper to be useful to public or private energy communities in supporting them with professional renewable domestic market anatomy.
International energy partnership program manuscript instructions: case BulgariaSimeon Arnaudov
Green economic growth became slogan of thousands public and private activities, nevertheless there are arguments for switching to low-carbon, high-efficiency energy systems disregard enormous investment cost. Innovative energy technologies are able to reduce carbone emissions in aim to limit or avoid climate change directs the public debate. However renewable energy source reduced dependence on imported energy, suspension of conflicts over energy resources, and the increasing price of fossil fuels also are motivate actions. Nonetheless, the potential price and difficulty of doing the transition to a new energy system have brought forted essential opposition from fortified economic interests and consumers equally. In this paper we investigate whether and how photovoltaic power plants as case of renewable energy growing market as Bulgaria do, could become an economic occasion rather than a precious burden. Could a photovoltaic energy capacity induce net economic growth rather than social pay off burden? Analyzing foreign (Korean) direct investment as photovoltaic power plant case study as example of some successful or unsuccessful practices of rapidly growing domestic renewable market. Our aim is this paper to be useful to public or private energy communities in supporting them with professional renewable domestic market anatomy.
The briefing at the following link explores the impact of the proposed changes to the renewable subsidy regime for solar facilities installed in England and Wales that are five (5) megawatts or larger in size ('Large-scale PV Plants') given the 13 May 2014 announcement from DECC ('URN 14D/114').
DECC have put forward that in their view the capacity threshold of gigawatts installed of Large-Scale PV Plants in England and Wales will be achieved by the solar development community (including funders, contractors and developers) by mid-2015 rather than by the earlier predicted threshold-achievement by mid-2017.
Given the predicted threshold-achievement by 2015, the portion of the Levy Control Framework budget for Large-Scale PV Plants accredited for ROCs will have to end in the UK Government's view in April 2015, rather than in April 2017, with the net result that contracts for difference ('CfDs') will have an earlier adoption date that coincides with the targeted curtailment of ROCs for PV Plants on 1.4.15 ('Cut-off-Date').
The non-progression of "grandfathering" of ROCs following the Cut-off-Date for plants already accredited for receipt of ROCs, and the likely impact of the key terms of the current form of CfD are explored in this article, together with brief discussion on the other proposals to tackle the early threshold-achievement that were considered by DECC and reported on in URN 14D/114.
Our team are ready to assist with preparation of responses to the Consultation due by 7.7.14.
GIZ support mechanism for RE development in VietnamTuong Do
Hanoi, 19/09/2014
Ingmar Stelter, Program Manager
Werner Kossmann, Chief Technical Advisor
GIZ Viet Nam Energy Support Program
Energy Sector Development Partners Coordination
Article 14 of Directive 2012/27/EU: “Promotion of efficiency in heating and c...Leonardo ENERGY
European countries are currently facing complex energy challenges including major external energy dependence or an increasing concern about climate change. The Conclusions of the European Council in 2007 and 2011 established a need for reaching at least a total 20% of savings in the European primary energy consumption by 2020 (2007 baseline).
In order to meet this challenge, the European Union published in 2012 the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU (EED), which has established a common framework to promote concrete actions related to energy efficiency in the European market.
Within the EED, the Article 14 stands out for promoting the energy efficiency through the use of CHP (combined heat and power), district heating and cooling and by recovering industrial waste heat.
FARCROSS project Innovative solutions for increased regional cross-border coo...Leonardo ENERGY
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UNDP in Albania works to supports policies and implementation measures designed to avoid exclusion by helping to remove barriers that stand in the way of people realizing their full capabilities. Group specific implementation measures (e.g. policy responses and action plans) are of critical importance for Roma and Egyptian communities, in no small part due to European Union accession-related commitments. This presentation highlights UNDP’s support in the Roma Inclusion work, UNDP programme strategy, lessons learned etc. The presentation also contains data on Roma housing policy in Albania as well as a snapshot of Regional Roma Housing Surveys.
The briefing at the following link explores the impact of the proposed changes to the renewable subsidy regime for solar facilities installed in England and Wales that are five (5) megawatts or larger in size ('Large-scale PV Plants') given the 13 May 2014 announcement from DECC ('URN 14D/114').
DECC have put forward that in their view the capacity threshold of gigawatts installed of Large-Scale PV Plants in England and Wales will be achieved by the solar development community (including funders, contractors and developers) by mid-2015 rather than by the earlier predicted threshold-achievement by mid-2017.
Given the predicted threshold-achievement by 2015, the portion of the Levy Control Framework budget for Large-Scale PV Plants accredited for ROCs will have to end in the UK Government's view in April 2015, rather than in April 2017, with the net result that contracts for difference ('CfDs') will have an earlier adoption date that coincides with the targeted curtailment of ROCs for PV Plants on 1.4.15 ('Cut-off-Date').
The non-progression of "grandfathering" of ROCs following the Cut-off-Date for plants already accredited for receipt of ROCs, and the likely impact of the key terms of the current form of CfD are explored in this article, together with brief discussion on the other proposals to tackle the early threshold-achievement that were considered by DECC and reported on in URN 14D/114.
Our team are ready to assist with preparation of responses to the Consultation due by 7.7.14.
GIZ support mechanism for RE development in VietnamTuong Do
Hanoi, 19/09/2014
Ingmar Stelter, Program Manager
Werner Kossmann, Chief Technical Advisor
GIZ Viet Nam Energy Support Program
Energy Sector Development Partners Coordination
Article 14 of Directive 2012/27/EU: “Promotion of efficiency in heating and c...Leonardo ENERGY
European countries are currently facing complex energy challenges including major external energy dependence or an increasing concern about climate change. The Conclusions of the European Council in 2007 and 2011 established a need for reaching at least a total 20% of savings in the European primary energy consumption by 2020 (2007 baseline).
In order to meet this challenge, the European Union published in 2012 the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU (EED), which has established a common framework to promote concrete actions related to energy efficiency in the European market.
Within the EED, the Article 14 stands out for promoting the energy efficiency through the use of CHP (combined heat and power), district heating and cooling and by recovering industrial waste heat.
FARCROSS project Innovative solutions for increased regional cross-border coo...Leonardo ENERGY
Webinar recording: https://youtu.be/BvOX5yvCWRk
The webinar will provide insight into the FARCROSS Horizon 2020 EU research project. Driven by recent development in EU internal market for electricity regulation, increased cooperation is key element for improving the interconnectors’ utilization and market harmonization. FARCROSS project looks into these challenges and promotes integrated hardware and software solutions in 5 pilot demonstrators across 8 European countries.
UNDP in Albania works to supports policies and implementation measures designed to avoid exclusion by helping to remove barriers that stand in the way of people realizing their full capabilities. Group specific implementation measures (e.g. policy responses and action plans) are of critical importance for Roma and Egyptian communities, in no small part due to European Union accession-related commitments. This presentation highlights UNDP’s support in the Roma Inclusion work, UNDP programme strategy, lessons learned etc. The presentation also contains data on Roma housing policy in Albania as well as a snapshot of Regional Roma Housing Surveys.
Energy a practical approach for the benefit of sustainable economic develop...Lulzim
ENERGY- A PRACTICAL APPROACH IN FAVOUR OF A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN KOSOVO
POLICY BRIEF KOSOVO
On the occasion of the EU Sustainable Energy Week (EUSEW) the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung publishes the new policy brief about Energy and Energy efficiency titled "ENERGY - A practical approach in favor of a sustainable economic development in Kosovo" written by Lulzim Syla from Kosovo Renewable Energy Association. The document summarizes the main topics and challenges regarding Energy and gives specific recommandations about the following actions that should be fulfilled in favor on a sustainable energy policies.
Opportunities in the Hungarian Wind Energy MarketEnerjimiz Güneş
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Levente Csók, HWEA Board Member
Dr. Andrea Biróné Kircsi, HWEA President
Dr. Péter Tóth, HWEA Honorary President
Electric vehicles as the future of personal transportation?benboycott
An analysis of three cases against and three cases for electric vehicles. Cases against include: well to wheel carbon emissions, power station requirements and rare earth metal supply. Cases for include: carbon reduction and facilitation of renewable electricity, reduced reliance on oil and health improvements in urban environments.
Developing Climate Resilient Flood and Flash Flood Management Practices to Protect Vulnerable Communities of Georgia - The Role of Risk Modelling in the Development of Flood Insurance Model in Georgia
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
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Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
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A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
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- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
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Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
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A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
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We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Bulgaria
1. Although Bulgaria’s renewable energy already represents 18 percent of the country’s total installed capacity, there
is still potential to exploit renewable sources, particularly biomass. In 2012, Bulgaria experienced the world’s tenth
highest growth rate of new wind energy power plants (WWEA, 2013). In that year alone, 712 MW of installed solar
capacity was added to the country’s energy mix. Such exceptional growth was due largely to the adoption of a
feed-in tariff for electricity produced from renewable sources. Plant operators may enter into a power purchase ob-
Bulgaria
General Country
Information
Population: 7,304,632
Surface Area: 111,000 km²
Capital City: Sofia
GDP (2012): $ 51 billion
GDP Per Capita (2012): $ 6,986
WB Ease of Doing Business: 58
Sources: EBRD(2009); WWEA (2013); EurObserv’Er (2013); ESHA (2009); World Bank (2014); ECS (2011); Republic of Bulgaria (b)
(2011); EC (2013); Renewable Facts (2013); EIA (2013); Hoogwijk and Graus (2008); Hoogwijk (2004); JRC (2011); and UNDP calcu-
lations.
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y S N A P S H O T :
Key information about renewable energy in Bulgaria
Empowered lives.
Resilient nations.
18.1%
RE Share
10,549 MW
Total Installed Capacity
Biomass Solar PV Wind Small Hydro
6.6 933 684 2851
3,700 103,600 3,400 3002
1,909 MW
Installed RE Capacity
Electricity Generating
Capacity 2012
Installed Renewable Electricity
Capacity 2012 in MW
Technical Potential for Installed
Renewable Electricity Capacity in MW
1 Value is from 2009
2 Due to lack of data, the value represents the economic potential.
2. ligation with the grid operator ensuring the purchase of electricity for 20 (biomass and solar power), 15 (small hy-
dropower) and 12 (wind power) years respectively. Bulgaria’s State Energy andWater Regulatory Commission revises
the tariff for new commissioned plants in June each year. The tariff for a specific plant is ensured for the entire eli-
gibility period.TheWorld Bank’s Ease of Doing Business index ranks Bulgaria in 58th
position (IFC&World Bank, 2014).
In line with EU Directive 2009/28/EC, Bulgaria established a binding national target for the share of energy from
renewable sources in the gross final consumption at 16 percent by 2020. To reach that target, 20.8 percent of
electricity shall originate from renewable sources (Republic of Bulgaria (a), 2011). The Energy from Renewable
Sources Act and the Energy Act define the promotion of renewable energy sources. There are also other incen-
tives for the development of renewable energy sources.The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
distributes loans of up to €2.5 million and grants up to 15 percent of the loan through its BEERECL programme.
The European Regional Development Fund provides financing of eligible costs up to 100 percent for feasibility
studies, investments in refurbishment, installation and maintenance of production technologies, and renewable
energy equipment (ResLegal, 2013). If the grid operator cannot demonstrate that additional capacity from re-
newable energy threatens grid security, renewable energy plant developers have the right to a non-discrimina-
tory connection to the power grid. The right to prioritized grid connection was abolished by the Energy from
Renewable Sources Act in May 2011. Grid connection costs are born by the grid operator or the responsible
utility until the connection reaches the property of the power plant operator. Renewable energy power plants
with less than 5 MW capacity are exempt from an electricity production licence (KPMG, 2012). Fortunately, Bul-
garia’s Supreme Administrative Court overruled the retroactive grid usage fee, which would have required pho-
tovoltaic plant operators to pay back up to 39 percent of the original assigned feed-in tariff (ResLegal, 2013).
However, in late 2013 the Bulgarian parliament adopted a 20 percent fee on the revenue of wind and solar in-
stallations in 2014 following a proposal by Budget Commission (Reuters, 2013). In addition, the State Energy and
Water Regulatory Commission has introduced a new fee (€1.25 / MW-h) for transmission grid access for wind
and solar power plants.
Legislation and policy
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y S N A P S H O T :
3 Electricity from Biogas is also eligible to receive a feed-in tariff (ResLegal, 2013).
Feed-in tariff in Bulgaria3
Source: ResLegal (2013) (Lev/€ exchange rate on 4 December 2013)
Eligible technologies Technology-specific thresholds Tariff granted in €/MW-h
Wind Up to 30 kW
Up to 200 kW
Up to 1 MW
Exceeding 1 MW
89.92
83
77.4
62.64
Solar Facades and roof-top installations between 5 KW and 1 MW
All other installations depended on installed capacity
100.5 - 180.99
81.91 - 100.5
Hydro Up to 10 MW and depended on the size of the plant 50.1 - 123.74
Biomass Depending on fuel type 84.1 - 127.83
3. Bulgaria
Institutions
Organization Responsibility Website
Ministry of Energy
and Energy Resources
- Governmental body shaping energy policy www.old.mee.government.bg/eng/
State Energy and Water
Regulatory Commission
- Energy Regulator determines the feed-in tariff
annually
- Grants permits and licences to companies within the
power sector.
www.dker.bg/docsbg.php?d=8
National Electric Company - Subsidy of state-owned Bulgarian Energy Holding,
owning hydropower plants with total capacity of
over 2,000 MW
www.nek.bg/cgi?d=1000
Electric System Operator
(ESO EAD)
- As a subsidy of Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania -
NEK EAD, ESO EAD is responsible for operating the
national grid
www.tso.bg/default.aspx/eso/en
Invest Bulgaria Agency - State investment agency, established to attract,
consult and facilitate potential investors
www.investbg.government.bg/en
Opportunities to finance renewable energy projects in Bulgaria
Financing organization Details Website
Bulgarian
Energy Efficiency
and Renewable
Energy Credit Line
Local enterprises can benefit from European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development loans for small scale
renewable energy projects (small hydropower plants
up to 10 MW, Wind up to 5 MW, Biomass up to 10 MW
and solar up to 1MW) up to €2.5 million and grants
(excluding photovoltaic) up to 15percent of the re-
ceived loan.
www.beerecl.com
Bulgaria Energy
Efficiency Competitive
Industry Financing
Facility
Small and medium enterprises can receive loans for
renewable energy projects of up to 20 percent
through partnerships intermediaries (e.g. Allianz Bank
Bulgaria, DSK Bank) and grants of up to 50 percent
(max. 2 million Lev) of total eligible costs.
www.beeciff.org/
European Bank
for Reconstruction
and Development (EBRD)
Provides renewable energy developers with equity,
loans and loan guarantees for projects with good
commercial prospects of up to 15 years’duration.
www.ebrd.com/pages/workingwithus/pro
jects.shtml
International Finance
Corporation (IFC)
Private and environmentally and technically sound
projects may apply for loans of up to 35 percent of the
estimated projects costs, usually provided through
partner intermediaries.
www.ifc.org/
4. Bulgaria
References
Energy Charter Secretariat (ECS), 2011: Bulgaria –
Follow-up In-Depth Review of the Investment Climate
and Market Structure in the Energy Sector. Available at:
www.encharter.org/fileadmin/user_upload/
Publications/Bulgaria_ICMS_2011_ENG.pdf
EurObserv’Er, 2013: Photovoltaic Barometer 2013.
Available at: www.energies-renouvelables.org/
observ-er/stat_ baro/observ/baro-jdp9.pdf
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(EBRD), 2009: Bulgaria – Country Profile. Available at:
http://ws2-23.myloadspring.com/sites/
renew/countries/bulgaria/profile.aspx
European Commission (EC), 2013: EU Energy in Figures -
Statistical Pocket Book 2013. Available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/doc/2013
_pocketbook.pdf
European Small Hydropower Association (ESHA),
2009: HYDI Database. Available at:
http://streammap.esha.be/
Hoogwijk, M., 2004: On the global and regional
potential of renewable energy sources. Utrecht:
Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Scheikunde. Dissertation.
Available at: http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/
dissertations/2004-0309-123617/full.pdf
Hoogwiijk, M. andW. Graus, 2008: Global Potential of
Renewable Energy Sources: A Literature Assessment.
Available at: www.ecofys.com/files/files/report_global_
potential_of_renewable_energy_sources_a_literature_
assessment.pdf
International Finance Corporation (IFC) andWorld Bank,
2014: Doing Business – Measuring Business
Regulations. Available at: www.doingbusiness.org
/data/exploreeconomies/bulgaria/
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission
(JRC), 2011:Technical Assessment of the Renewable
Energy Action Plans. Available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/downloads/jrc_reference
_report_2011_reap.pdf
KPGM, 2012: Investment in Bulgaria. Available at:
www.kpmg.com/BG/en/IssuesAndInsights/Articles
Publications/Brochures/Documents/2012-Investment-
in-Bulgaria-web.pdf
Renewable Facts, 2013: Bulgaria. Available at:
www.renewablefacts.com/country/bulgaria
Republic of Bulgaria (a), 2011: National Renewable
Energy Action Plan. Available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/energy
/renewables/action_plan_en.htm
Republic of Bulgaria (b), 2011: Energy Strategy of the
Republic of Bulgaria till 2020 – For reliable, efficient and
cleaner energy. Available at:
www.mi.government.bg/files/useruploads/files/epsp
/23_energy_strategy2020%D0%95ng_.pdf
Reuters, 2013: UPDATE 2 - Bulgaria imposes 20 pct fee
on solar and wind power. Available at: www.reuters.com
/article/2013/12/05/bulgaria-renewables-idUSL5
N0JK1BF20131205 (accessed 4 March 2014)
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2013:
Levelized Cost of New Generation Resources in the
Annual Energy Outlook 2013. Available at:
www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/electricity_generation.cfm
World Bank, 2014: Data Catalog. Available at:
http://datacatalog.worldbank.org/
WorldWind Energy Association (WWEA), 2013: 2012
Annual Report. Available at: www.wwindea.org/
webimages/WorldWindEnergyReport2012_final.pdf
Recent projects
Company Project Status
PNE Wind AG (German) &
Dobrudzha OOD (Bulgarian)
German PNE Wind signed a joint venture agreement
to develop a 150 MW wind farm in the Dobrudzha re-
gion.
Under development
LG CNS (South Korea) Constructed a solar power plant of 21.3 MW. Commissioned
Financing organization Details Website
Bulgaria
Energy Efficiency
and Renewable
Sources Fund
Provides loans and guarantees for Bulgarian munici-
palities, private persons and corporations in energy ef-
ficiency, and also to projects utilizing renewable
energy sources.
www.bgeef.com
EU Means
- European Investment
Fund/
- European Investment Bank
- Structural Funds
Loans and guarantees through Bulgarian financial in-
termediaries (e.g. Bulgarian Development Bank, Post-
bank/Eurobank EFG) and private equity/venture
capital are available.
www.europa.eu/youreurope/business/fi-
nance-support/access-to-finance/