The document discusses several components and systems related to automobile mechanics, including: - The electrical system, which has evolved over time to include automatic computer control and components like sensors, alternators, and oxygen sensors. - The armature, which is the moving part of electric machines like alternators and motors that produces electromotive force. - The battery, which uses lead-acid cells to convert chemical to mechanical energy and can be rechargeable. - The ignition system, which uses an electric current to ignite fuel in internal combustion engines. - Other systems like the starting system, computer chips, wiring, charging system, and spark plugs.

1.  Automobile electrical system has gradually
evolved over the years and today it assimilates
automatic computer control of
the automotive mechanics. In the early days,
automobiles electrical system comprised of
only basic wiring technologies that were used
for distributing power to other parts of a
vehicle. It had only switches, wires, relays and
controlled motors as its key components but
today’s electrical system includes sensors,
actuators, alternators, battery, oxygen sensors,
generator, startersolenoid, starter drive, high
power electrical system and other devices.

2.  Armature:
 Armature are the moving parts of an electric machine
generally alternators, generator or motors of a vehicle,
which vibrates when electromotive force is produced. The
armature used in automobile comprises of a series of coils
and groups of insulated conductors circumscribed around a
core of iron. Also known as the rotating part of a dynamo,
armatures are generally fixed on ball bearings and are
mostly made of copper wire coiled around an iron core.
 The major functions of armature are:
 Firstly, to produce an electromotive force.
Secondly, to transmit current in a rotating machines and
force in a linear machine.

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
 Automobile Battery:
 Automobile Battery refers to an electrochemical device comprising of primary and
secondary cells that are used for transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy.
Most of the vehicles today uses ‘lead acid’ batteries. Batteries are mostly of two types i.e.
non-rechargeable and rechargeable. Often called as disposable batteries, non-
rechargeable batteries are used once and then dumped. While rechargeable batteries are
those devices that can be easily recharged by applying electrical current that turns or
reverses a chemical reaction. A normal battery has an initial voltage of about 1.6 volts and
produces between 500-1000 amps. The market size of automobile battery industry is worth
US $ 48 billion a year. China, Hong Kong, United States, India and Taiwan are the major
battery manufacturing countries on the global platform.
 Classification of various components of a battery includes:
 Battery Boxes, Battery Cable Terminals ,Battery Plates
Performance Batteries , Ground Straps Battery Cable
Battery Control Systems, Battery Trays
Voltage Regulators , Battery Switches

4.  Automobile Ignition System:
 Automobile Ignition System constitute of various devices, tools and
components that are used for igniting the fuel in an internal combustion
engine of a vehicle. In this system, electric current is used for burning the
mixture of air and fuel with the help of coil, battery, and spark plug. Ignition
system is assembled in only those automobile engines, which operates
with the help of petrol or gasoline. The two main functions of automobile
ignition system are to produce enough voltage so that it can easily create a
spark for burning air/fuel mixture and secondly it exercises control over the
timing of spark and transmit it to the apt cylinder. A typical automobile
ignition system produces voltage somewhere between 20000 volts and
50000 volts from a 12-volt source. Automobile ignition system can be
further classified into three main heads such as mechanical ignition
system, electronic ignition system and distributorless ignition system. Most
of the vehicles today incorporate electronic ignition system in its engine.

5.  Major Components used in automobile ignition systems are:
 Coil Wires
Ignition Distributor
Magneto
Ignition Coil Parts
Electronic Timing Controllers
 Ignition Box
Ignition Switch
Ignition Coils
Ignition Controller
Magneto
 Automobile Starting System:
 Automobile Starting System is considered to be the heart of automobile
electrical system. The starting system of an automobile includes those devices,
which are used for initiating an engine of a vehicle. Once the key is put into
theignition switch then the current pass through battery cables to starter motor.
After this, starter motor turn the engine and the downward moving piston create
suction where air and fuel mixture is burned and then the engine starts.
 The chief components of automobile starting system are:
 Starter
Starter Solenoid
 Starter Drive
Bendix Drive Starter

6.  Automotive Computer Chips:
 Automotive Computer Chips also known as super
chip, automotive computer chips are basically the
integrated circuits made of semi conducting
material that are used for storing a new engine
management program in the electronic control unit
of the vehicle. These chips stores the data used
by engine control unit, for managing and controlling
the engine functions. Oxygen sensor is one of the
types of automobile computer chips that form an
important part of the engine fuel control feedback
loop. Automotive Computer Chips comprises of:
Engine Management Systems
Oxygen Sensors
 Sensor Ring

7. Other automobile computer chips include:
 Power train control modules
Tuners
Speedometer calibrators
Flip switches
 Performance monitors
Performance chips
Top speed eliminators
Shift improvers

8.  Automotive Electrical Wiring:
 The electrical wiring system of an automobile incorporate different
types of devices, flexible electrical wires, electrical fuses, connectors,
fuse blocks used for fastening one end of an automobile component to
the power source device. These electrical wiring components are used
for bearing mechanical loads and transmitting communication signals
or electrical energy.
 Apart from electrical wiring components mentioned above, there
are other parts used in an automobile electrical system like:
 Electrical Fuse
Electrical Switch Panels
Fuse Blocks
Shrink Sleeve Tubing
Wiring Harnesses
A/C Harness
Electrical Switches Parts
 Electrical Fuse Holders
Electrical Switches
Relay Connectors
Wiring Connector
ElectricalSwitch Covers
Ground Straps

9.  Charging System:
 The charging system of an automobile has three basic
components such as alternator, regulator, and the
interconnecting wiring. The main function of automobile
charging system is to control and regulate the charge in
the battery of a vehicle. Automobile charging system
generally generates a voltage between 13.5 and 14.4 volts
when the engine is working. It produces electrical current
for operating automobile lights, music systems, heater,
engine electrical system and other electrical components.
 Other components of charging system of the vehicle
are:
 Alternator
Automobile Generator
Alternator Parts
 Alternator Bearing
Alternator Fans

10.  Spark Plugs:
 A spark plug is a small electrical device that is implanted into
internal combustion engine cylinder for burning the mixture of air
and fuel. A typical spark plug consists of a center electrode, metal
casing and a ground electrode as illustrated in the figure. These
plugs are used in many machines such as trucks, buses, tractors,
boats, aircraft, motorcycles, scooters, industrial and oil field
engines, and oil burners. The basic raw materials used for
manufacturing spark plugs are aluminum oxide, steel, silver, gold,
platinum, copper and other high nickel alloys. These spark plugs
are available in different configurations and heat ranges to adapt to
any type of engine.

11. silver,
gold, platinum, copper
and other high nickel alloys.
These spark plugs are
available in different
configurations and heat
ranges to adapt to any type of
engine.

12.  Auto Mechanical
 Autolab allows investigation into the mechanical
systems found in modern vehicles. The modules
are focused on developing knowledge and
practical skills using simulator panels, real
vehicle component trainers and/or vehicle-
based workshop tasks.
 The computer-based curriculum includes high-
quality graphics, animation and video to
introduce the underpinning knowledge for
systems and components. Each student activity
can be tracked by a management system for
ease of assessment.


13.  Heating and Air Conditioning Systems
 ACS1 is a computer-based instructional module that has been
designed to teach the basics of heating and air conditioning
systems used in modern motor vehicles.
The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum materials.
The hardware is provided in the form of a simulator panel trainer
that can be connected to a computer for automatic fault insertion.
The curriculum materials provided in the module are divided into a
series of on-screen interactive assignments. These assignments
incorporate assessment through questions

14.  ACS1 is a computer-based instructional module that has
been designed to teach the basics of heating and air
conditioning systems used in modern motor vehicles.
The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum
materials. The hardware is provided in the form of a
simulator panel trainer that can be connected to a
computer for automatic fault insertion.
The curriculum materials provided in the module are
divided into a series of on-screen interactive
assignments. These assignments incorporate
assessment through questions embedded within the
learning materials. When used in conjunction with a
ClassAct networked management system, this provides
instant feedback of student performance.

15.  Air Conditioning Components and Operation
 ACS2 is a computer-based instructional module that has
been designed to teach the basics of air conditioning
components and operation.
The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum
materials.
The hardware is provided in the form of a complete
automotive air-conditioning system.
The curriculum materials provided in the module are divided
into a series of on-screen, interactive assignments.

16.  ACS2 is a computer-based instructional module
that has been designed to teach the basics of
air conditioning components and operation.
The module incorporates both hardware and
curriculum materials.
The hardware is provided in the form of a
complete automotive air-conditioning system.
The curriculum materials provided in the module
are divided into a series of on-screen,
interactive assignments.

17.  Fundamental Hydraulic Systems
 BS1 is a computer-based instructional module that has been
designed to teach the fundamentals of hydraulic systems.
The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum
materials. The hardware is provided in the form of a bench-
top hydraulics trainer.
The curriculum materials provided in the module are divided
into a series of on-screen, interactive assignments.
All assignments incorporate continuous assessment through
questions. When used in conjunction with a ClassAct
networked management system, this provides instant
feedback of student performance.

18.  BS1 is a computer-based instructional module that
has been designed to teach the fundamentals of
hydraulic systems.
The module incorporates both hardware and
curriculum materials. The hardware is provided in
the form of a bench-top hydraulics trainer.
The curriculum materials provided in the module
are divided into a series of on-screen, interactive
assignments.
All assignments incorporate continuous assessment
through questions. When used in conjunction with a
ClassAct networked management system, this
provides instant feedback of student performance.

19.  Disc and Drum Brake Systems

 BS2 is a computer-based instructional module that has been
designed to teach the basics of disc and drum brake systems.
The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum materials.
The hardware is provided in the form of a Braking Systems Trainer.
The curriculum materials provided in the module are divided into a
series of on-screen, interactive assignments.
All assignments incorporate continuous assessment through
questions. When used in conjunction with a ClassAct networked
management system, this provides instant feedback of student
performance.

20.  On-screen assignments may be theory-based
or practical-based. Theory-based assignments
provide essential knowledge of disc and drum
brake systems. They are supported by standard
automotive textbooks.
Some practical-based assignments direct
students to carry out tasks in the laboratory
using the supplied hardware. Others require
students to perform tasks in a workshop on real
vehicle systems.
Students are guided through their laboratory
and workshop tasks by printable job sheets.


21.  Braking Components and Operation
 BS4 is a computer-based instructional module that has been designed to teach
the basics of braking system components and operation.
The module incorporates curriculum materials that are divided into a series of
on-screen, interactive assignments.
All assignments incorporate continuous assessment through questions. When
used in conjunction with a ClassAct networked management system, this
provides instant feedback of student performance.
On-screen assignments are theory-based and provide essential knowledge of
braking system components and operation. They are supported by standard
automotive textbooks.
In addition to providing the underpinning knowledge on braking systems, the
module also provides a series of practical tasks. These are presented to the
student as a series of workshop job sheets, which will require access to a
vehicle in a fully equipped workshop.


22.  Fundamental Mechanical Systems
 This module provides an introductory course of study in mechanical
systems. It includes a bench-top trainer that provides a resource for a
series of hands-on tasks that relate to the topic of mechanical systems. It is
complete with all the mechanical and electrical components needed to
follow the topic areas covered.
 This module has been designed to allow you to build a world class
automotive program that will enable your students to become high-tech
auto technicians. It can be integrated to create a complete automotive
technology program. All the instructional materials in the module are
designed as competency-based multimedia presentations. A variety of
instructional delivery methods are included to ensure that students gain
both the underpinning academic and technical knowledge as well as the
hands-on skills. The module is competency-based and fully compatible with
our ClassAct management system.

23.  This module provides an introductory course of study in
mechanical systems. It includes a bench-top trainer that
provides a resource for a series of hands-on tasks that
relate to the topic of mechanical systems. It is complete
with all the mechanical and electrical components needed
to follow the topic areas covered.
 This module has been designed to allow you to build a
world class automotive program that will enable your
students to become high-tech auto technicians. It can be
integrated to create a complete automotive technology
program. All the instructional materials in the module are
designed as competency-based multimedia presentations.
A variety of instructional delivery methods are included to
ensure that students gain both the underpinning academic
and technical knowledge as well as the hands-on skills.
The module is competency-based and fully compatible
with our ClassAct management system.

24.  Steering and Suspension Components
 This module provides a hardware trainer that is based on the real automotive
components found in a typical front-end steering and suspension system. This
includes front wheel assemblies, MacPherson strut and coil spring assemblies,
road wheels and power steering rack. The unit is mounted on a steel frame
fitted with solid rubber castors and a single-phase electric motor is used to run
the power steering pump that is connected to the power rack using the correct
hydraulic hoses.
 This module has been designed to allow you to build a world class automotive
program that will enable your students to become high-tech auto technicians. It
can be integrated to create a complete automotive technology program. All the
instructional materials in the module are designed as competency-based
multimedia presentations. A variety of instructional delivery methods are
included to ensure that students gain both the underpinning academic and
technical knowledge as well as the hands-on skills. The module is competency-
based and fully compatible with our ClassAct management system.

25.  On-Vehicle Steering and Suspension Systems
 This module consists of a comprehensive series of computer aided instruction
assignments that enable students to learn about steering and suspension systems. The
dynamic computer aided instruction provides interactive animations and high-resolution
graphics that help the student understand the topics being delivered. In addition to
providing the underpinning knowledge on steering and suspension systems, the
module also provides a series of practical activities. These are presented to the student
as a series of workshop task sheets, which require access to a vehicle in a fully
equipped automotive workshop.
 This module has been designed to allow you to build a world class automotive program
that will enable your students to become high-tech auto technicians. It can be
integrated to create a complete automotive technology program. All the instructional
materials in the module are designed as competency-based multimedia presentations.
A variety of instructional delivery methods are included to ensure that students gain
both the underpinning academic and technical knowledge as well as the hands-on
skills. The module is competency-based and fully compatible with our ClassAct
management system.

26.  Wheels and Tires
 This module consists of a comprehensive series of computer aided
instruction assignments that enable students to learn about wheels and
tires. The dynamic computer aided instruction provides interactive
animations and high-resolution graphics that help the student understand
the topics being delivered. In addition to providing the underpinning
knowledge on wheels and tires, the module also provides a series of
practical activities. These are presented to the student as a series of
workshop task sheets, which require access to a vehicle in a fully equipped
automotive workshop.
 This module has been designed to allow you to build a world class
automotive program that will enable your students to become high-tech
auto technicians. It can be integrated to create a complete automotive
technology program. All the instructional materials in the module are
designed as competency-based multimedia presentations.

27.  Automotive Transmission Systems
 TS1 is a computer-based instructional module that has been designed to
teach the fundamentals of automotive transmission systems.
The module incorporates curriculum materials that are divided into a series
of on-screen, interactive assignments.
All assignments incorporate continuous assessment through questions.
When used in conjunction with a ClassAct networked management system,
this provides instant feedback of student performance.
On-screen assignments are theory-based and provide essential knowledge
of automotive transmission systems. They are supported by standard
automotive textbooks.
In addition to providing the underpinning knowledge on automotive
transmission systems, the module also provides a series of practical tasks.
These are presented to the student as a series of workshop jobsheets,
which will require access to a vehicle in a fully equipped workshop.
