Building Reading Fluency Through Blended & Flipped Learning
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2017 panel presentation (invited)--CALL Interest Section of TESOL
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Building Reading Fluency Through Blended & Flipped Learning
- 1. CALL-IS Academic Session: A CALL for 21st Century Reading From the trenches— Building Reading Fluency Through Blended & Flipped Learning Christine Bauer-Ramazani cbauer-ramazani@smcvt.edu Saint Michael's College Colchester, Vermont URL for the presentation: http://bit.ly/tesol2017-rdg
- 2. Using Technology for the Four Strands The Four Strands—Nation & Macalister (2010) 1. Meaning-focused input 2. Meaning-focused output 3. Language-focused learning 4. Fluency development 2 Nation, I.S.P., & Macalister, J. (2010). Language curriculum design. New York, NY: Routledge. Nation, I.S.P., & Yamamoto, A. (2012). Applying the four strands to language learning. International Journal of Innovation in English Language Teaching, 1(2), 1-15.
- 3. STRAND 1: Meaning-Focused Input in Reading 3
- 4. Meaning-focused input in READING / Flipped Learning • Reading in Content-Based Instruction • Extensive Reading: o Graded Reading o Read & Listen: Literature 4
- 6. Newsela (web, iPhone/iPad, Android) 6 • 4646 articles (March 2017) • For grades 2-12 but appropriate for ESL, too (at 5 reading levels) • Many subject areas, reading skills/standards, genres • Differentiated Learning: Newsela text at different levels of difficulty and number of words • Assessment: Quizzes, Answers, and Write Prompts—built into every article at every level • Annotations: interactive comments between students and teacher • PRO: offers a type of LMS with a BINDER for text sets and tracking of student performance
- 7. Newsela Pro (trial) in Christina Mager’s Academic Prep class 7
- 8. Newsela • Differentiated learning: o Select a grade level and # of words o Left: grade 7, 835 words o Right: grade 6, 700 words • Annotations: o Different highlight colors to choose from for vocabulary and text o Questions can be added and shared with students. 8
- 9. Meaning-focused Input in Reading: EXTENSIVE READING Read & Listen 9
- 10. Extensive Reading – Graded Reading ESL Graded Reading • Tom Robb's MReader Site <http://mreader.org/> -- Free access to over 5,500 quizzes on graded readers and books for young readers • dreamreader.net <http://dreamreader.net/> -- free academic English online reading practice in different genres at different proficiency levels (low-intermediate, intermediate, high-intermediate, advanced)--text, audio, comprehension quizzes • English for Intermediate Learners <http://www.rong-chang.com/qa2/> -- short stories with audio, grammar, comprehension, dictation exercises, and crossword puzzles • Free Graded Readers <http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/about/staff/paul-nation#readers> -- Paul Nation has made classic novels and non-fiction materials available as mid-frequency readers at the 4000, 6000, and 8000 word level, including A Christmas Carol, A Modest Proposal. Jane Eyre, Metamorphosis, Sherlock Holmes, Wuthering Heights, and The Prince Source: Christine’s 7,000+ Links Compendium— ESL/EFL Teaching/Learning Resources—Reading (http://bit.ly/ESL-reading-resources) 10 Nation, I.S.P., & Yamamoto, A. (2012). Applying the four strands to language learning. International Journal of Innovation in English Language Teaching, 1(2), 1-15.
- 11. Read & Listen: Dreamreader • free online reading practice in different genres at different proficiency levels (low- intermediate, intermediate, high-intermediate, advanced)-- text, audio, comprehension quizzes, vocabulary worksheets (word forms, definition, sentence); • academic English, Easy English, Interesting English, Fun English, Practical English 11
- 12. Read & Listen: English for Intermediate Learners short stories with audio, grammar, comprehension, dictation exercises, and crossword puzzles (by rong-chang ESL, Inc.) 12
- 14. Meaning-focused input: LITERATURE • Project Gutenberg <http://www.gutenberg.org/> -- over 53,000 free books; includes a searchable catalogue (http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/), includes human-read audio books, downloadable .mp3 files • ESL.bits <http://esl-bits.net/> -- novels (text) with audio (at 2 speeds); include classics, novellas, short stories (intermediate & advanced); other listening/reading materials for intermediate & advanced, different lengths • Awesome Stories <https://www.awesomestories.com/> -- includes Huckleberry Finn and Edgar Allen Poe's The Raven -- audio and text; also Downton Abbey stories; browse the Collections by topic alphabetically, by Story Type, and Media Types. • The Intersect Digital Library <http://intersect.uoregon.edu/DigitalLibrary/default.html> includes The Intersect Digital Library Catalog (complete works and famous documents • Project Bartleby <http://www.bartleby.com> -- a vast array of poetry, fiction, non-fiction, a search engine, quotations, biographies, and much more • The Online Books page <http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu> -- searchable by author, title, subject • EnglishClub.com-English Reading <http://www.englishclub.com/reading/index.htm> -- English reading resources for ESL learners, including texts, short stories (by proficiency level), tales, biographies, proverbs, news, learning the alphabet, etc. See Christine’s 7,000+ Links Compendium—ESL/EFL Teaching/Learning Resources—Reading http://bit.ly/ESL-reading-resources 14
- 15. Read & Listen: ESL-BITS 15
- 16. Meaning-focused input: Newspapers & Magazines • See Christine’s 7,000+ Links Compendium—ESL/EFL Teaching/Learning Resources—Reading http://bit.ly/ESL-reading-resources 16
- 17. STRAND 2: Meaning-Focused Output (& Assessment) 17
- 18. Written or Oral Output Written Output • Weekly Book Reports (assessed with a rubric) • Weekly Article Reports & Rubric (assessed with a rubric) • Vocabulary Logs (essential words, definitions, word forms, collocations) Oral Output • Oral Reports (“Fluency Circles”) (assessed with a rubric) 18 See link to my course materials - READING SKILLS at http://bit.ly/rdg-skills
- 19. STRAND 3: Language-Focused Learning in Reading 19
- 20. Vocabulary support through Dictionary Apps & Online Dictionaries 20 Apps or links placed on home screens; copied from my syllabus: 1. Free apps by operating system: o Apple--Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Academic English; Merriam Webster's Learner's Dictionary o Android: Advanced English Dictionary & Thesaurus (AED); o Windows: Advanced English Dictionary (AED) 2. Web: o Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (for English learners, definitions, examples, phrases, examples from the corpus, some word families); o Cambridge Dictionary of American English (for English learners, definitions, examples, pronunciation-audio, phrases, word families); o Vocabulary (good for word families) Used in class for pronunciation, dictionary work; used outside of class for vocabulary logs NOT ALLOWED: (not a learner’s dictionary; definitions typically incomprehensible to learners)
- 21. Focus on reading skills: highlighting, annotating main ideas, sharing Hypothes.is -- Annotate, highlight, and tag web pages and PDF documents. 21 Dean, J. (2015, Aug. 25). Back to School with Annotation: 10 Ways to Annotate with Students. Hypothes.is. https://hypothes.is/blog/back-to-school-with-annotation-10-ways-to-annotate-with-students/
- 22. Quizlet & Quizlet Live for Vocabulary development & assessment 22Link to Quizlet Live video from my class (1 min.)
- 23. STRAND 4: Fluency Development in Reading 23
- 24. Speedreading -- timed AceReader (software, annual subscription) texts at different levels of difficulty; eye movement practice, comprehension questions Free: Spreeder (app) https://www.spreeder.com/app.php -- for speedreading of online texts that can be copied/pasted into a box; with different settings for speed and chunking; for Windows/Apple 24
- 26. Thank you! Christine Bauer-Ramazani cbauer-ramazani@smcvt.edu URL for the presentation: http://bit.ly/tesol2017-rdg
Editor's Notes
- A framework that has informed my teaching for a number of years now and one that I find really works to balance our language courses is the principle of the FOUR STRANDS by Nation and Macalister (2010). The authors stipulate that a well-balanced language course should have 4 equal strands: MEANING-FOCUSED INPUT MEANING-FOCUSED OUTPUT LANGUAGE-FOCUSED LEARNING and FLUENCY DEVELOPMENT This not only works on a macro-level for a whole curriculum that includes reading, listening, speaking, and writing, but it also works on a micro-level for a reading curriculum. Please see the book and article provided. They are well worth reading! In other words, the 4 strands provide an answer to “What should a reading course contain?” I will show what AFFORDANCES technology can offer to provide for these 4 strands.
- As all of you probably have expected, MEANING-FOCUSED INPUT in reading can occur in several ways: In Content-Based Instruction inside and outside the classroom As Extensive Reading with GRADED READING As Extensive Reading with Read & Listen sites for LITERATURE As Extensive Reading with NEWSPAPERS & MAGAZINES Tom already shared several Extensive Reading sites with you. I have a few more to recommend and will focus on how they can be used in a FLIPPED LEARNING environment, which is a form of blended learning, where face-to-face learning is augmented by technology inside and outside the classroom. At Saint Michael’s College we often use Extensive Reading outside the classroom, using TECHNOLOGY as an effective lever to keep students engaged with the language and the class.
- How many of you have heard of NEWSELA? How many of you are currently using it? Newsela can be found on the web as well as an app for phones or tablets. Discuss BULLETS. (2 min.)