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ORTHOFLEX
PRODUCTS
ORTOBRAND INTERNATIONAL
Manufactures and distributes
products based on hyaluronic
acid (HA), a naturally occurring
polymer found throughout the
body, used for the affected syno-
vial joint.
It all started with a desire to help
people in need and to be able to
understand that a medical device
is not just a product, but rather a
chance to return to a normal life.
ORTOBRAND team’s objective is
to develop international business
by establishing partnerships with
specialized foreign distributors
all over the world.
Thank you for your interest in
our products and services.
Head office BUCHAREST-ROMANIA
Email: office@ortobrand.ro
Phone: +40723.931.723
http://www.ortobrand.com/
facebook.com/OrthoflexForte
Index
ORTHOFLEX ® Medical Report
ORTHOFLEX ® one
ORTHOFLEX ® forte
........................................... 4
........................................... 8
.......................................... 10
ORTHOFLEX ® tendon
.......................................... 12
How to use ORTHOFLEX ®
.......................................... 16
4
MEDICALREPORT
Quality products.
Orthoflex one is produced according to Good
Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and ISO13485
being certified as a system with high quality
ingredients, CE marked medical device being
in accordance with the European Directive
93/42/EE.
Advanced Technology
The manufacturing in compliance with Roma-
nian law no 95/2006 regarding medicines for
human use. Valid Manufacturing Authoriza-
tion, in full compliance with GMP issued by
the National Medicine and Medical Devices
Agency.
Manufacturing operations for investigational
medicinal products include total or partial,
certification and batch release, import, stor-
age and distribution and tests (microbiologi-
cal and physical-chemical) for quality control.
Medical investigation, approved result.
ORTOBRAND has a method that is currently
unique with regard to the combination of
its advantages. The raw material selected
according to the highest quality aspects is
cross-linked in a special way. The products
are thus particularly stable in the human
body. Natural enzymatic degradation pro-
cesses are slowed down by the cross-linked
and gel-like substance, and by the associat-
ed reduction in the molecule surface of the
products. Processes are slowed down by the
cross-linked and gel-like substance, and by
the associated.
The extraction of hyaluronic acid (non-animal
origin) through biofermentation also reduc-
es the likelihood of immune responses to a
minimum. ORTOBRAND products have an op-
timized injection behavior that is reflected in
the of the hyaluronic acid from ORTOBRAND.
ORTHOFLEX ®
Medical Report
MEDICALREPORT
5
SODIUM HYALURONATE
•	 Hyaluronan (also known as sodium hyaluro-
nate or hyaluronic acid) is a natural and linear
glycosaminoglycan, and is ubiquitous in all the
tissues and fluids of animals, with the highest
concentrations in soft connective tissues.
•	 In 1934, Karl Meyer and his assistant John
Palmer first announced the discovery of HA.
They purified HA from bovine vitreous and
showed that it contained a hexuronic acid
and a hexosamine. They proposed “for conve-
nience, the name hyaluronic acid, from hyaloid
(vitreous) + uronic acid.” Up to the mid-1940s,
HA had been isolated successfully from other
sources- synovial fluid, skin, umbilical cord,
cock’s comb, etc.
•	 In 1980s, Dr. Endre Balazs and his coworkers
developed a procedure to isolate, purify and
identify hyaluronic acid from rooster combs
and human umbilical cords. Since then, HA has
been produced at industrial scale from rooster
combs and human umbilical cords.
•	 Discovered from bacteria.It is known that
the capsules of some bacteria contain HA,
therefore, HA can also be isolated from certain
strains of bacteria, such as streptococci, which
was first reported in 1937 by Kendall et al. They
cultured Group A streptococci and then the
mucoid polysaccharide was precipitated with
ethanol. This polysaccharide which was com-
posed of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucuronic
acid units was identical with that occurring in
bovine vitreous humor and human umbilical
cord. The bacterial production of HA involving
a Streptococcus zooepidernicus strain was first
described in 1989, giving rise to the first com-
mercialization of HA produced by fermentation.
•	 By the end of the 20th century, bacterial fer-
mentation had become the leading production
technique for sodium hyaluronate, and it has
led to great changes in the sodium hyaluronate
industry. The industry is now able to produce a
higher quality HA product on an industrial scale
necessary to support the continued expansion
of HA applications into new areas of science.
The techniques have also lowered the cost
of HA production to a point that has allowed
many applications to go mainstream that might
have proved too costly for markets previously.
•	 Commercial HA is commonly presented as
the form of sodium salt.
•	 During the manufacture of HA, sodium salts
(such as sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide)
are often used to increase ionic strength or to
adjust pH value, therefore, most of HA prod-
ucts is presented as the form of sodium salt,
named sodium hyaluronate.
6
MEDICALREPORT
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS
Joint Pain and Arthritis
With overuse or injury, cartilage on the end
of the joints can break down, causing a
narrowing of the joint space and the bones
to rub together. Painful bony growths, or
spurs, may form. This can lead to swelling,
stiffness, and possibly osteoarthritis, the
most common type of arthritis. Another type
of arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis, an auto-
immune disease characterized by extreme
inflammation.
What is Osteoarthritis?
•	 Osteoarthritis is a disease that affect the
joints in your body.
•	 While it can affect any joint , osteoarthritis
most commonly in the hands , hip, Knees, neck
and lower back.
•	 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common
joint disease and cause of disabilities, especially
in the elder people (more than 80 percent of
the population over 55 years of age is affected
by osteoarthritis).
•	 Also known as degenerative arthritis, de-
generative joint disease or OA, it occurs when
the cartilage that normally covers and cushions
the ends of bones wears down over time. It is
characterized by cartilage erosion, changes in
subchondral bone, osteophyte formation and
synovial inflammation.
•	 The main symptoms of OA are chronic pain,
stiffness and loss of mobility.
How does OA develops?
Osteoarthritis is caused by cartilage resulting in
a joint pain.
•	 The smooth cartilage surface wear down.
Then this happens, the cartilage loses its elas-
ticity and more easily damage by excess use or
injury.
•	 With time section of cartilage may wear
away completely. As a result the bone rub
together.
•	 As the cartilage wear down , the join may
lose its normal shape. The bone end thicken.
The bone at the edge of the joint mat grown
outward and form body spurs.
•	 Fluid – filled cysts may form in the bone
near the joint . Bit of bone or cartilage may
float loosely in the joint space.
Osteoarthritis of the Knee
When osteoarthritic joints became swollen and
damaged , they can be painful and difficult to
move.
•	 If you have OA of the knee the symptoms
pain, stiffness limited range of motion.
•	 In the arthritic joints , the normal concentra-
tion and molecular weight of hyaluronate (HA)
is decreased by 33% to 50%, limiting its role in
maintaining normal joint biomechanics.
MEDICALREPORT
7
VISCOSUPPLEMENTATION
What is Viscosupplementation?
•	 Viscosupplementation refers to a procedure
that involves the use of HA solution to sup-
plement or replace synovial fluid in joint with
pathological conditions to alleviate pain and
promote the healing of intra-articular wounds.
The viscosupplementation should improve the
physiological environment of an osteoarthritic
joint by restore the protective viscoelasticity
of synovial fluid, reduce friction, and improve
mobility.
•	 Studies have confirmed the satisfactory
effect of HA to treat lameness in race horses
and osteoarthritis (OA) in human knees, hips,
shoulders, and temporo-mandibular joint, and
so forth. The use of HA solution in OA treat-
ment is considered to be the most successful
medical applications of HA.
•	 Viscosupplementation has as its therapeutic
goal the restoration of rheological homeostasis
in pathological structures such as osteoarthrit-
ic joints. When the normal viscoelasticity of a
solid tissue compartment or the elastoviscosity
of a liquid tissue compartment is decreased
under pathological conditions, normal function
and regenerative processes are impaired. By
introducing viscosupplementary devices, the
normal rheological state of such compartments
is restored or augmented. These devices stay in
the tissue compartment for various periods of
time, depending on the nature of the viscosup-
plement and the pathophysiology of the tissue
compartment.
Mechanism of action
•	 Viscosupplimentation with HA has various
mechanism of actions on the osteoarthritic
knee. In addition to repletion of intra -articu-
lar HA and its viscous and elastic properties ,
HA also have anti inflammatory, anabolic and
analgesic properties.
•	 HA has been identified as the molecule re-
sponsible for imbuing the knee with this rheo-
static properties. HA is polysaccharide chain
composed of repeating disaccharide units of
glucuronic acid and N –acetylglucosamine. HA
is normally synthesized by tipe B synoviocytes
or fibroblasts and is secreted into the joints. In
the osteoarthritic knee the concentration of
HA is decresed to nearly one half of normal,
the MW is reduced ( as polysaccharide chains
are cleaved ) and this is decreased interaction
between HA molecules. These changes after
the inherent viscous and elastic properties of
HA and reduces the ability of the joint to resist
stress and shear forces.
•	 HA is viscoelastic substance because it ex-
hibits both viscous and elastic properties. This
allows the joint optimally adapt to different
externally applied forces. The knee experienc-
es low shear loads during simple range of mo-
tion. Under these conditions , viscous proper-
ties predominate and the HA molecules line up
and act as a lubricants . under high shear loads
, HA molecules behave and an elastic substance
and absorb energy that is transmitted across
the joint.
•	 Because native HA is decreased in the
osteoarthritic knee and HA restores these lost
viscoelastic properties , descriptions of these
product as viscosupplements seems reason-
able .
8
OORTHOFLEX®one
Description
•	 ORTHOFLEX one® is single treatment , vis-
coelastic gel injectable prefilled syringe used in-
tra articular for treating arthritis. It is similar to
synovial fluid, a substance that occurs naturally
in the joints, synovial fluid acts as a lubricant
and shock absorber.
•	 ORTHOFLEX one® is cross~linked hyalu­
ronate 60mg/3ml solution of highly purified
sodium hyaluronate + chondroitin sulfate
90mg/3ml, with high molecular weight that
guarantees its excellent efficiency and a strong
therapeutic effect (3,0 million daltons).
•	 Obtained by bio fermentative process, syn-
thetic origin gives a complete safety eliminating
any allergic reactions.
ORTHOFLEX ® one
Natural cross linked hyaluronate. The only single injection.
•	 ORTHOFLEX one® is a prefilled syringes
having aluminum blister for sealing that assure
3 years guarantee of validity , sterilized by
autoclave.
Prefilled syringes
Natural Cross-linked Hyaluronate 60 mg +
Chondroitin Sulfate 90mg / 3ml
A new generation of viscosupplements
ORTHOFLEX®one
9
Effects
Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid
with ORTHOFLEX one® in the treatment of
dege­nerative joint disease.
•	 Hyaluronan contributes to the synovial
fluid’s lubricating properties and also controls
fluid flow into and out of the joint space.
•	 Injected into knee joints with osteoarthritis
(OA) to ease pain and stiffness. Chondroitin
sulfate, is a structural component of aggrecan
in cartilage and provides much of its resistance
to compression.
•	 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid
(HA) induces cartilage destruction and acts as a
mediator of the inflammatory response.
•	 Using Chondroitine Sulfate as a cross-link-
ing agent increase biocompatibility and
biodegra­dability native polymer and creates
premises delay of cartilage degeneration and
even supports regeneration cartilage struc-
ture.
•	 ORTHOFLEX one® –improved by cross link-
ing , preponderantly elastic, confers capacity
mechanic protection increased and improved
lubrication( ≥45Pa characteristic human synovi-
al fluid).
Indications
The treatment consists in administration of
intra-articular single treatment :
•	 ORTHOFLEX one® is indicated for the symp-
tomatic treatment of mild of severe osteoar-
thritis.
•	 Orthoflex one is recommended for patients
that have joints pain coupled with reduced
mobility. These symptoms can occur as a result
of degenerative disease or trauma.
•	 ORTHOFLEX one® treats pain and restricted
mobility and elasticity , protect cartilage as a
result of traumatic pathology in the knee joint
and other synovial joints( hip, ankle, shoulder,
elbow, wrist, fingers, toes, and the temporo-
mandibular and facet joints)
•	 Is also indicated for the reduction of post–
arthroscopy pain.
•	 Is contraindicated in children, pregnant or
breast–feeding women.
Physicochemical Properties:
The treatment consists in administration of
intra-articular single treatment :
•	 Treatment 1injection
•	 60mg/3ml (2%) sodium hyaluronate
•	 90mg/3ml chondroitin sulfate
•	 Average molecular weight 3 million Daltons
(viscometric data)
•	 Elasticity minimum 110 Pa (2.5Hz, maximum
effort)
•	 Viscosity minimum 45 Pa (2.5Hz, maximum
effort)
10
OORTHOFLEX®forte
Description
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® is a viscoelastic injec­
table prefilled syringe used intra articular for
treating arthritis. It is similar to synovial fluid,
a substance that occurs naturally in the joints,
synovial fluid acts as a lubricant and shock
absorber.
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® is 30mg/2ml solution of
highly purified sodium hyaluronate with high
molecular weight that guarantees its excellent
efficiency and a strong therapeutic effect ( 2,0-
2,9 million daltons).
•	 Obtained by bio fermentative process, syn-
thetic origin gives a complete safety eliminating
any allergic reactions.
ORTHOFLEX ® forte
Protect cartilage and greatly improve the joints mobility.
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® is a prefilled syringes
having aluminum blister for sealing that assure
3 years guarantee of validity, sterilized by
autoclaving.
Prefilled syringes
Sodium Hyaluronate 30 mg/2ml
Synovial fluid supplement
ORTHOFLEX®forte
11
Effects
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® has in the medium term,
a double effect by restoring in the joints the
levels of sodium hyaluronate, restoring also
the mechanical properties of synovial fluid
and having a long-lasting effect by stimulating
naturally the body in secretion of hyaluronic
acid. The therapeutic efficacy has been proved
up to six months of relief, replaces natural joint
fluid to cushion, protect and lubricate the knee,
help restore mobility by treating knee pain at
its source.
Indications
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® is recommended for
patients that have joints pain coupled with
reduced mobility. These symptoms can occur as
a result of degenerative disease or trauma.
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® greatly reduces pain,
treating and restoring joint mobility and elas-
ticity.
•	 The treatment consists in administration of
intra articular injections between 1 - 3 ORTHOF-
LEX forte®/1 at weekly intervals depending on
the severity of the degenerative or traumatic
change to the synovial joint.
•	 Indications like Gonarthritis, Coxarthritis,
Omarthritis, Arthritis of the elbow, Rhizarthritis
and Ankle arthritis.
Physicochemical Properties:
•	 Treatment 1-3 injection
•	 30mg/2ml (1.5%) sodium hyaluronate
•	 Estimative molecular weight sized into
2.0÷2.9 million Daltons (viscometric data)
•	 Average molecular weight 2.4 million Dal-
tons( viscometric data)
•	 Intrinsic viscosity 1.5 – 3.8m3/kg
•	 Osmolarity300 - 370 mOsmol/kg
•	 Endotoxin limit -less than 0.5 EU/mg sodium
hyaluronate
•	 PH 5.0- 8.5
•	 Elasticity minimum 60 Pa (2.5Hz, maximum
effort)
•	 Viscosity minimum 45 Pa (2.5Hz, maximum
effort)
Quality
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® is produced according
to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and
ISO13485 being certified as a system with high
quality ingredients, CE marked medical device
being in accordance with the European Direc-
tive 93/42/EE.
12
OORTHOFLEX®tendon
Description
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® is a viscoelastic injec­
table prefilled syringe used intra articular for
treating arthritis. It is similar to synovial fluid,
a substance that occurs naturally in the joints,
synovial fluid acts as a lubricant and shock
absorber.
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® is 30mg/2ml solution of
highly purified sodium hyaluronate with high
molecular weight that guarantees its excellent
efficiency and a strong therapeutic effect ( 2,0-
2,9 million daltons).
•	 Obtained by bio fermentative process, syn-
thetic origin gives a complete safety eliminating
any allergic reactions.
•	 ORTHOFLEX forte® is a prefilled syringes
having aluminum blister for sealing that assure
3 years guarantee of validity, sterilized by auto-
claving.
ORTHOFLEX ® tendon
Restore mobility in damaged tendon.
Prefilled syringes
Sodium Hyaluronate 40 mg/2ml + 10mg man-
nitol
Number one in sprained ankle
­treatment
ORTHOFLEX tendon® is injectable pre-
filled syringe 40mg/2ml natural solution
of highly purified sodium hyaluronate
obtained by biofermentation devoid
of animal protein + 10 mg mannitol , a
free radical scavenger which help to
stabilize the chains of sodium hyaluro-
nate.
ORTHOFLEX®tendon
13
Effects
Acts as a lubricant when applied into the ten-
don sheath or peritendinously.
•	 Enhance tendon gliding effect and reduce
adhesion.
•	 Prevents the free passage of inflammatory
cell and molecules through the tendon sheath
due to its macromolecular meshwork.
•	 Promotes tendon recovery and would heal-
ing process.
Precautions
•	 ORTHOFLEX tendon® should be instilled
accurately into tendon sheath or around the
affected tendon if necessary under imaging
control, avoid nerve lesions and injections into
blood vessels.
Indications
•	 For the treatment of pain and restricted
mobility in tendon disorders.
•	 Ankle and Foot
*	 achilles tendinopathy
*	 posterior tibial tendinopathy
*	 peroneal tendinopaty
•	 Shoulder- rotator cuff tendinopathy
•	 Elbow- lateral and medial epicondylalgia
•	 Knee – patellar tendinopathy
ORTHOFLEX tendon® should be admin-
istred once a week for total of 2 injec-
tions.
Characteristics:
•	 Treatment of tendon disorders
•	 2 ml prefilled syringe for single use
•	 Sodium hyaluronate 2%( 40mg/2ml)+ manni-
tol( 10mg)
•	 Molecular weight- 3000kDa
•	 Duration on effects – 6 month
Quality
•	 ORTHOFLEX tendon® is produced accord-
ing to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and
ISO13485 being certified as a system with high
quality ingredients, CE marked medical device
being in accordance with the European Direc-
tive 93/42/EE.
14
HowtouseORTHOFLEX®
Injection
•	 The affected knee is first aspirated to
remove any effusion that may be present,
decreasing the concentration of inflammatory
mediators that may be present and limiting the
dilution effect the effusion would have on the
injected material.
•	 Superolateral or lateral midpatellar injec-
tion site is the most reliable for reaching the
synovial joint space of the knee.
Method of administration and dosage
•	 ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte
is administered only by medical professionals
trained for Intra -articular administration tech-
nique.
•	 ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte
must be administered strictly intra- articular.
•	 Do not administer intravenously.
•	 The volume will vary depending upon the
size of the joint space , not to exceed 2ml
for the knee and other large joints or 1ml for
small joints.
How to use ORTHOFLEX ®
•	 It is the physician‘s responsibility to deter-
mine the appropriate volume and ensure that
the joint is not overfilled.
•	 ORTHOFLEX ® forte is administered in the
affected joint once a week for 3 consecutive
weeks.
•	 Several joints may be treated simultaneous-
ly.
•	 Not to exceed one treatment course for any
individual joint in any 6- month periods.
•	 Any joint effusion present should be
removed by joint aspiration before injecting
ORTHOFLEX forte.
HOW TO USE ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte
HowtouseORTHOFLEX®
15
The intra -articular space should not be
overfilled.
•	 ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte
is available as a ready to use pre-filled syringe
and must not be diluted. The content of a pre-
filled syringe ORTHOFLEX ® is sterile and must
be used immediately after the packaging has
been opened.
•	 ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte
should be injected slowly into the joint space
using a standard intra – articular injections
technique.
•	 Remove the pre-filled syringe from the
package. Before administration break the
visible seal and remove the cap of the pre-filled
syringe. Attach the hypodermic needle and
make sure you have it properly fixed by turning
it slightly.
•	 Remove the air from syringe before the
injection.
Precautions
•	 General precautions should be observed
for the intra-articular injection administration.
Sodium hyaluronate should be administered
in the synovial space only by medical profes-
sionals trained in intra-articular administration
technique.
•	 An excess amount of sodium hyaluronate is
not to be used and the patient should be mon-
itored closely. The intra- articular space should
not be overfilled.
•	 If pain increase during the injection proce-
dure, the injection should be stopped and the
needle withdrawn.
•	 Patient should be carefully examined prior
to administration to determine signs of acute
inflammation and the physician should evaluate
whether Orthoflex forte treatment should be
initiated in this case. As in any invasive joint
procedure it is recommended caution to avoid
over using the joint immediately after the intra-
articular injection. To date, there are insufficient
data to recommend the use in children and ado-
lescents. Orthoflex forte should not be intra- ar-
ticularly administered simultaneously or mixed
with other products.
HOW TO USE ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte
•	 Inject ORTHOFLEX ® tendon around the
effected tendon once a week for a total of
two injections. Several tendons can be treated
simultaneously. Repeat treatment as needed.
•	 The content and outer layer of the OR-
THOFLEX ® tendon syringe is sterile, provided
that the packaging has not been opened or
damaged. Remove the prefilled syringe from
the packaging, unscrew the Luer-Lok, attach
a suitable needle (for example, 25-27 G), and
twist to secure.
•	 Remove all air bubbles prior to injection.
•	 ORTHOFLEX ® tendon should be instilled
accurately into the tendon sheath or around
the affected tendon, if necessary under imaging
control. Avoid nerve lesions and injections into
blood vessels!
Head office BUCHAREST-ROMANIA +40723.931.723
office@ortobrand.ro

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Brosura ortobrandfinal

  • 2. ORTOBRAND INTERNATIONAL Manufactures and distributes products based on hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polymer found throughout the body, used for the affected syno- vial joint. It all started with a desire to help people in need and to be able to understand that a medical device is not just a product, but rather a chance to return to a normal life. ORTOBRAND team’s objective is to develop international business by establishing partnerships with specialized foreign distributors all over the world. Thank you for your interest in our products and services. Head office BUCHAREST-ROMANIA Email: office@ortobrand.ro Phone: +40723.931.723 http://www.ortobrand.com/ facebook.com/OrthoflexForte
  • 3. Index ORTHOFLEX ® Medical Report ORTHOFLEX ® one ORTHOFLEX ® forte ........................................... 4 ........................................... 8 .......................................... 10 ORTHOFLEX ® tendon .......................................... 12 How to use ORTHOFLEX ® .......................................... 16
  • 4. 4 MEDICALREPORT Quality products. Orthoflex one is produced according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and ISO13485 being certified as a system with high quality ingredients, CE marked medical device being in accordance with the European Directive 93/42/EE. Advanced Technology The manufacturing in compliance with Roma- nian law no 95/2006 regarding medicines for human use. Valid Manufacturing Authoriza- tion, in full compliance with GMP issued by the National Medicine and Medical Devices Agency. Manufacturing operations for investigational medicinal products include total or partial, certification and batch release, import, stor- age and distribution and tests (microbiologi- cal and physical-chemical) for quality control. Medical investigation, approved result. ORTOBRAND has a method that is currently unique with regard to the combination of its advantages. The raw material selected according to the highest quality aspects is cross-linked in a special way. The products are thus particularly stable in the human body. Natural enzymatic degradation pro- cesses are slowed down by the cross-linked and gel-like substance, and by the associat- ed reduction in the molecule surface of the products. Processes are slowed down by the cross-linked and gel-like substance, and by the associated. The extraction of hyaluronic acid (non-animal origin) through biofermentation also reduc- es the likelihood of immune responses to a minimum. ORTOBRAND products have an op- timized injection behavior that is reflected in the of the hyaluronic acid from ORTOBRAND. ORTHOFLEX ® Medical Report
  • 5. MEDICALREPORT 5 SODIUM HYALURONATE • Hyaluronan (also known as sodium hyaluro- nate or hyaluronic acid) is a natural and linear glycosaminoglycan, and is ubiquitous in all the tissues and fluids of animals, with the highest concentrations in soft connective tissues. • In 1934, Karl Meyer and his assistant John Palmer first announced the discovery of HA. They purified HA from bovine vitreous and showed that it contained a hexuronic acid and a hexosamine. They proposed “for conve- nience, the name hyaluronic acid, from hyaloid (vitreous) + uronic acid.” Up to the mid-1940s, HA had been isolated successfully from other sources- synovial fluid, skin, umbilical cord, cock’s comb, etc. • In 1980s, Dr. Endre Balazs and his coworkers developed a procedure to isolate, purify and identify hyaluronic acid from rooster combs and human umbilical cords. Since then, HA has been produced at industrial scale from rooster combs and human umbilical cords. • Discovered from bacteria.It is known that the capsules of some bacteria contain HA, therefore, HA can also be isolated from certain strains of bacteria, such as streptococci, which was first reported in 1937 by Kendall et al. They cultured Group A streptococci and then the mucoid polysaccharide was precipitated with ethanol. This polysaccharide which was com- posed of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucuronic acid units was identical with that occurring in bovine vitreous humor and human umbilical cord. The bacterial production of HA involving a Streptococcus zooepidernicus strain was first described in 1989, giving rise to the first com- mercialization of HA produced by fermentation. • By the end of the 20th century, bacterial fer- mentation had become the leading production technique for sodium hyaluronate, and it has led to great changes in the sodium hyaluronate industry. The industry is now able to produce a higher quality HA product on an industrial scale necessary to support the continued expansion of HA applications into new areas of science. The techniques have also lowered the cost of HA production to a point that has allowed many applications to go mainstream that might have proved too costly for markets previously. • Commercial HA is commonly presented as the form of sodium salt. • During the manufacture of HA, sodium salts (such as sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide) are often used to increase ionic strength or to adjust pH value, therefore, most of HA prod- ucts is presented as the form of sodium salt, named sodium hyaluronate.
  • 6. 6 MEDICALREPORT DISEASES AND TREATMENTS Joint Pain and Arthritis With overuse or injury, cartilage on the end of the joints can break down, causing a narrowing of the joint space and the bones to rub together. Painful bony growths, or spurs, may form. This can lead to swelling, stiffness, and possibly osteoarthritis, the most common type of arthritis. Another type of arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis, an auto- immune disease characterized by extreme inflammation. What is Osteoarthritis? • Osteoarthritis is a disease that affect the joints in your body. • While it can affect any joint , osteoarthritis most commonly in the hands , hip, Knees, neck and lower back. • Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease and cause of disabilities, especially in the elder people (more than 80 percent of the population over 55 years of age is affected by osteoarthritis). • Also known as degenerative arthritis, de- generative joint disease or OA, it occurs when the cartilage that normally covers and cushions the ends of bones wears down over time. It is characterized by cartilage erosion, changes in subchondral bone, osteophyte formation and synovial inflammation. • The main symptoms of OA are chronic pain, stiffness and loss of mobility. How does OA develops? Osteoarthritis is caused by cartilage resulting in a joint pain. • The smooth cartilage surface wear down. Then this happens, the cartilage loses its elas- ticity and more easily damage by excess use or injury. • With time section of cartilage may wear away completely. As a result the bone rub together. • As the cartilage wear down , the join may lose its normal shape. The bone end thicken. The bone at the edge of the joint mat grown outward and form body spurs. • Fluid – filled cysts may form in the bone near the joint . Bit of bone or cartilage may float loosely in the joint space. Osteoarthritis of the Knee When osteoarthritic joints became swollen and damaged , they can be painful and difficult to move. • If you have OA of the knee the symptoms pain, stiffness limited range of motion. • In the arthritic joints , the normal concentra- tion and molecular weight of hyaluronate (HA) is decreased by 33% to 50%, limiting its role in maintaining normal joint biomechanics.
  • 7. MEDICALREPORT 7 VISCOSUPPLEMENTATION What is Viscosupplementation? • Viscosupplementation refers to a procedure that involves the use of HA solution to sup- plement or replace synovial fluid in joint with pathological conditions to alleviate pain and promote the healing of intra-articular wounds. The viscosupplementation should improve the physiological environment of an osteoarthritic joint by restore the protective viscoelasticity of synovial fluid, reduce friction, and improve mobility. • Studies have confirmed the satisfactory effect of HA to treat lameness in race horses and osteoarthritis (OA) in human knees, hips, shoulders, and temporo-mandibular joint, and so forth. The use of HA solution in OA treat- ment is considered to be the most successful medical applications of HA. • Viscosupplementation has as its therapeutic goal the restoration of rheological homeostasis in pathological structures such as osteoarthrit- ic joints. When the normal viscoelasticity of a solid tissue compartment or the elastoviscosity of a liquid tissue compartment is decreased under pathological conditions, normal function and regenerative processes are impaired. By introducing viscosupplementary devices, the normal rheological state of such compartments is restored or augmented. These devices stay in the tissue compartment for various periods of time, depending on the nature of the viscosup- plement and the pathophysiology of the tissue compartment. Mechanism of action • Viscosupplimentation with HA has various mechanism of actions on the osteoarthritic knee. In addition to repletion of intra -articu- lar HA and its viscous and elastic properties , HA also have anti inflammatory, anabolic and analgesic properties. • HA has been identified as the molecule re- sponsible for imbuing the knee with this rheo- static properties. HA is polysaccharide chain composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N –acetylglucosamine. HA is normally synthesized by tipe B synoviocytes or fibroblasts and is secreted into the joints. In the osteoarthritic knee the concentration of HA is decresed to nearly one half of normal, the MW is reduced ( as polysaccharide chains are cleaved ) and this is decreased interaction between HA molecules. These changes after the inherent viscous and elastic properties of HA and reduces the ability of the joint to resist stress and shear forces. • HA is viscoelastic substance because it ex- hibits both viscous and elastic properties. This allows the joint optimally adapt to different externally applied forces. The knee experienc- es low shear loads during simple range of mo- tion. Under these conditions , viscous proper- ties predominate and the HA molecules line up and act as a lubricants . under high shear loads , HA molecules behave and an elastic substance and absorb energy that is transmitted across the joint. • Because native HA is decreased in the osteoarthritic knee and HA restores these lost viscoelastic properties , descriptions of these product as viscosupplements seems reason- able .
  • 8. 8 OORTHOFLEX®one Description • ORTHOFLEX one® is single treatment , vis- coelastic gel injectable prefilled syringe used in- tra articular for treating arthritis. It is similar to synovial fluid, a substance that occurs naturally in the joints, synovial fluid acts as a lubricant and shock absorber. • ORTHOFLEX one® is cross~linked hyalu­ ronate 60mg/3ml solution of highly purified sodium hyaluronate + chondroitin sulfate 90mg/3ml, with high molecular weight that guarantees its excellent efficiency and a strong therapeutic effect (3,0 million daltons). • Obtained by bio fermentative process, syn- thetic origin gives a complete safety eliminating any allergic reactions. ORTHOFLEX ® one Natural cross linked hyaluronate. The only single injection. • ORTHOFLEX one® is a prefilled syringes having aluminum blister for sealing that assure 3 years guarantee of validity , sterilized by autoclave. Prefilled syringes Natural Cross-linked Hyaluronate 60 mg + Chondroitin Sulfate 90mg / 3ml A new generation of viscosupplements
  • 9. ORTHOFLEX®one 9 Effects Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid with ORTHOFLEX one® in the treatment of dege­nerative joint disease. • Hyaluronan contributes to the synovial fluid’s lubricating properties and also controls fluid flow into and out of the joint space. • Injected into knee joints with osteoarthritis (OA) to ease pain and stiffness. Chondroitin sulfate, is a structural component of aggrecan in cartilage and provides much of its resistance to compression. • Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) induces cartilage destruction and acts as a mediator of the inflammatory response. • Using Chondroitine Sulfate as a cross-link- ing agent increase biocompatibility and biodegra­dability native polymer and creates premises delay of cartilage degeneration and even supports regeneration cartilage struc- ture. • ORTHOFLEX one® –improved by cross link- ing , preponderantly elastic, confers capacity mechanic protection increased and improved lubrication( ≥45Pa characteristic human synovi- al fluid). Indications The treatment consists in administration of intra-articular single treatment : • ORTHOFLEX one® is indicated for the symp- tomatic treatment of mild of severe osteoar- thritis. • Orthoflex one is recommended for patients that have joints pain coupled with reduced mobility. These symptoms can occur as a result of degenerative disease or trauma. • ORTHOFLEX one® treats pain and restricted mobility and elasticity , protect cartilage as a result of traumatic pathology in the knee joint and other synovial joints( hip, ankle, shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, toes, and the temporo- mandibular and facet joints) • Is also indicated for the reduction of post– arthroscopy pain. • Is contraindicated in children, pregnant or breast–feeding women. Physicochemical Properties: The treatment consists in administration of intra-articular single treatment : • Treatment 1injection • 60mg/3ml (2%) sodium hyaluronate • 90mg/3ml chondroitin sulfate • Average molecular weight 3 million Daltons (viscometric data) • Elasticity minimum 110 Pa (2.5Hz, maximum effort) • Viscosity minimum 45 Pa (2.5Hz, maximum effort)
  • 10. 10 OORTHOFLEX®forte Description • ORTHOFLEX forte® is a viscoelastic injec­ table prefilled syringe used intra articular for treating arthritis. It is similar to synovial fluid, a substance that occurs naturally in the joints, synovial fluid acts as a lubricant and shock absorber. • ORTHOFLEX forte® is 30mg/2ml solution of highly purified sodium hyaluronate with high molecular weight that guarantees its excellent efficiency and a strong therapeutic effect ( 2,0- 2,9 million daltons). • Obtained by bio fermentative process, syn- thetic origin gives a complete safety eliminating any allergic reactions. ORTHOFLEX ® forte Protect cartilage and greatly improve the joints mobility. • ORTHOFLEX forte® is a prefilled syringes having aluminum blister for sealing that assure 3 years guarantee of validity, sterilized by autoclaving. Prefilled syringes Sodium Hyaluronate 30 mg/2ml Synovial fluid supplement
  • 11. ORTHOFLEX®forte 11 Effects • ORTHOFLEX forte® has in the medium term, a double effect by restoring in the joints the levels of sodium hyaluronate, restoring also the mechanical properties of synovial fluid and having a long-lasting effect by stimulating naturally the body in secretion of hyaluronic acid. The therapeutic efficacy has been proved up to six months of relief, replaces natural joint fluid to cushion, protect and lubricate the knee, help restore mobility by treating knee pain at its source. Indications • ORTHOFLEX forte® is recommended for patients that have joints pain coupled with reduced mobility. These symptoms can occur as a result of degenerative disease or trauma. • ORTHOFLEX forte® greatly reduces pain, treating and restoring joint mobility and elas- ticity. • The treatment consists in administration of intra articular injections between 1 - 3 ORTHOF- LEX forte®/1 at weekly intervals depending on the severity of the degenerative or traumatic change to the synovial joint. • Indications like Gonarthritis, Coxarthritis, Omarthritis, Arthritis of the elbow, Rhizarthritis and Ankle arthritis. Physicochemical Properties: • Treatment 1-3 injection • 30mg/2ml (1.5%) sodium hyaluronate • Estimative molecular weight sized into 2.0÷2.9 million Daltons (viscometric data) • Average molecular weight 2.4 million Dal- tons( viscometric data) • Intrinsic viscosity 1.5 – 3.8m3/kg • Osmolarity300 - 370 mOsmol/kg • Endotoxin limit -less than 0.5 EU/mg sodium hyaluronate • PH 5.0- 8.5 • Elasticity minimum 60 Pa (2.5Hz, maximum effort) • Viscosity minimum 45 Pa (2.5Hz, maximum effort) Quality • ORTHOFLEX forte® is produced according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and ISO13485 being certified as a system with high quality ingredients, CE marked medical device being in accordance with the European Direc- tive 93/42/EE.
  • 12. 12 OORTHOFLEX®tendon Description • ORTHOFLEX forte® is a viscoelastic injec­ table prefilled syringe used intra articular for treating arthritis. It is similar to synovial fluid, a substance that occurs naturally in the joints, synovial fluid acts as a lubricant and shock absorber. • ORTHOFLEX forte® is 30mg/2ml solution of highly purified sodium hyaluronate with high molecular weight that guarantees its excellent efficiency and a strong therapeutic effect ( 2,0- 2,9 million daltons). • Obtained by bio fermentative process, syn- thetic origin gives a complete safety eliminating any allergic reactions. • ORTHOFLEX forte® is a prefilled syringes having aluminum blister for sealing that assure 3 years guarantee of validity, sterilized by auto- claving. ORTHOFLEX ® tendon Restore mobility in damaged tendon. Prefilled syringes Sodium Hyaluronate 40 mg/2ml + 10mg man- nitol Number one in sprained ankle ­treatment ORTHOFLEX tendon® is injectable pre- filled syringe 40mg/2ml natural solution of highly purified sodium hyaluronate obtained by biofermentation devoid of animal protein + 10 mg mannitol , a free radical scavenger which help to stabilize the chains of sodium hyaluro- nate.
  • 13. ORTHOFLEX®tendon 13 Effects Acts as a lubricant when applied into the ten- don sheath or peritendinously. • Enhance tendon gliding effect and reduce adhesion. • Prevents the free passage of inflammatory cell and molecules through the tendon sheath due to its macromolecular meshwork. • Promotes tendon recovery and would heal- ing process. Precautions • ORTHOFLEX tendon® should be instilled accurately into tendon sheath or around the affected tendon if necessary under imaging control, avoid nerve lesions and injections into blood vessels. Indications • For the treatment of pain and restricted mobility in tendon disorders. • Ankle and Foot * achilles tendinopathy * posterior tibial tendinopathy * peroneal tendinopaty • Shoulder- rotator cuff tendinopathy • Elbow- lateral and medial epicondylalgia • Knee – patellar tendinopathy ORTHOFLEX tendon® should be admin- istred once a week for total of 2 injec- tions. Characteristics: • Treatment of tendon disorders • 2 ml prefilled syringe for single use • Sodium hyaluronate 2%( 40mg/2ml)+ manni- tol( 10mg) • Molecular weight- 3000kDa • Duration on effects – 6 month Quality • ORTHOFLEX tendon® is produced accord- ing to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and ISO13485 being certified as a system with high quality ingredients, CE marked medical device being in accordance with the European Direc- tive 93/42/EE.
  • 14. 14 HowtouseORTHOFLEX® Injection • The affected knee is first aspirated to remove any effusion that may be present, decreasing the concentration of inflammatory mediators that may be present and limiting the dilution effect the effusion would have on the injected material. • Superolateral or lateral midpatellar injec- tion site is the most reliable for reaching the synovial joint space of the knee. Method of administration and dosage • ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte is administered only by medical professionals trained for Intra -articular administration tech- nique. • ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte must be administered strictly intra- articular. • Do not administer intravenously. • The volume will vary depending upon the size of the joint space , not to exceed 2ml for the knee and other large joints or 1ml for small joints. How to use ORTHOFLEX ® • It is the physician‘s responsibility to deter- mine the appropriate volume and ensure that the joint is not overfilled. • ORTHOFLEX ® forte is administered in the affected joint once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. • Several joints may be treated simultaneous- ly. • Not to exceed one treatment course for any individual joint in any 6- month periods. • Any joint effusion present should be removed by joint aspiration before injecting ORTHOFLEX forte. HOW TO USE ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte
  • 15. HowtouseORTHOFLEX® 15 The intra -articular space should not be overfilled. • ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte is available as a ready to use pre-filled syringe and must not be diluted. The content of a pre- filled syringe ORTHOFLEX ® is sterile and must be used immediately after the packaging has been opened. • ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte should be injected slowly into the joint space using a standard intra – articular injections technique. • Remove the pre-filled syringe from the package. Before administration break the visible seal and remove the cap of the pre-filled syringe. Attach the hypodermic needle and make sure you have it properly fixed by turning it slightly. • Remove the air from syringe before the injection. Precautions • General precautions should be observed for the intra-articular injection administration. Sodium hyaluronate should be administered in the synovial space only by medical profes- sionals trained in intra-articular administration technique. • An excess amount of sodium hyaluronate is not to be used and the patient should be mon- itored closely. The intra- articular space should not be overfilled. • If pain increase during the injection proce- dure, the injection should be stopped and the needle withdrawn. • Patient should be carefully examined prior to administration to determine signs of acute inflammation and the physician should evaluate whether Orthoflex forte treatment should be initiated in this case. As in any invasive joint procedure it is recommended caution to avoid over using the joint immediately after the intra- articular injection. To date, there are insufficient data to recommend the use in children and ado- lescents. Orthoflex forte should not be intra- ar- ticularly administered simultaneously or mixed with other products. HOW TO USE ORTHOFLEX ® one and ORTHOFLEX ® forte • Inject ORTHOFLEX ® tendon around the effected tendon once a week for a total of two injections. Several tendons can be treated simultaneously. Repeat treatment as needed. • The content and outer layer of the OR- THOFLEX ® tendon syringe is sterile, provided that the packaging has not been opened or damaged. Remove the prefilled syringe from the packaging, unscrew the Luer-Lok, attach a suitable needle (for example, 25-27 G), and twist to secure. • Remove all air bubbles prior to injection. • ORTHOFLEX ® tendon should be instilled accurately into the tendon sheath or around the affected tendon, if necessary under imaging control. Avoid nerve lesions and injections into blood vessels!
  • 16. Head office BUCHAREST-ROMANIA +40723.931.723 office@ortobrand.ro