This document provides an introduction to quantum computing, including its history and advantages over classical computers. It discusses how quantum computing harnesses the laws of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems. The history section outlines key developments, like Feynman's 1982 proposal and Shor's 1994 algorithm for factoring large numbers quickly. Advantages listed are faster computations, such as processing data 1000 times faster than normal computers, and better simulation capabilities like for weather forecasting. Disadvantages include the challenges of developing new algorithms, maintaining low operating temperatures, high error rates, and lack of public availability currently due to costs.

1. Quantum
Computing
UOC-BSPHY-F2021/06
Mateen Arshad

2. Content
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Why Quantum computer
4. What special about quantum computer
5. Advantages
6. Disadvantages

3. Introduction
Quantum computing is a rapidly-emerging technology
that harnesses the laws of quantum mechanics to
solve problems too complex for classical computers.

4. HISTORY
 1982 - Feynman proposed the idea of creating machines
based on the laws of quantum mechanics instead of the laws of
classical physics.
1985 - David Deutsch developed the quantum Turing
machine, showing that quantum circuits are universal.
 1994 - Peter Shor came up with a quantum algorithm to
factor very large numbers in polynomial time.
1997 - Lov Grover develops a quantum search algorithm
with O(√N) complexity

5. Why Quantum computer
Moore’ law slowing down.
Now Transistor Size =
Almost 7nm
Quantum Tunneling

6. What special about Quantum computing

7. Advantages
Faster computations:-
Quantum computers have computation power higher than
supercomputers also. They can process data at 1000 times faster
than normal computers and supercomputers.
Best for simulation:-
Quantum computers are best for doing data simulation computing.
There are many algorithms created that can simulate various things
like weather forecasting, chemical simulation etc.

8. Disadvantages
Algorithm creation:-
For every type of computation, it needs to write a new algorithm. Quantum computers
cannot work as classical computers, they need special algorithms to perform tasks in
their environment.
The low temperature needed:-
As the processing in these computers is done very deeply so it needs a temperature of
negative 273.135 degree C. This is the lowest temperature of the universe and it is very
difficult to maintain that temperature.
Not open for public:-
Due to the high range price they are not available for public use. Also, the errors in
these type of computers are high because they are still in the development phase.

9. Thank You