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Brief foray into publication ethics
- 1. Key Concepts in Publication Ethics Chris Graf Treasurer, Committee on Publication Ethics Editorial Director, Wiley-Blackwell cgraf@wiley.com
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- 5. Agenda • Background – Our Guidelines (with detail later) – COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) – Survey of editors, Audit of journals • Key ethical considerations
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- 7. Our guidelines • >30citations • Widely used • Inspired other publishers to act 2007 http://bit.ly/azBf78 Graf C, Wager E, Bowman A et al. Int J Clin Pract 2007;61(s152):1–26. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01230.x
- 8. 2007 All our editorsare members of COPE
- 9. COPE is stilla forum: 400 cases
- 10. Unethical research Unethical editorial decisions Plagiarism Authorship Fabrication, falsification
- 11. 2008 2009 Our ethics survey • “Most editors … seem not very concerned about publication ethics“ • We were surprised http://bit.ly/c8p6N7 Wager E, Fiack S, Graf C et al. J Med Ethics 2009;35:348-353. doi:10.1136/jme.2008.028324
- 12. Our ethics audit •Step 1 • Worked with editors 2009 • Harvested information 2010 about their approach to ethics http://bit.ly/abFfDS The COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) audit tool
- 13. Our Audit Guidance • Step 2 • Guidance for editors • Focus: consistently high- quality policies, processes 2010 2011
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- 15. Detail from guidelines • Our guidelines were written to offer: – Practical advice – Best practice statements – Links to “gold standards” http://wwwjp.blackwellpublishing.com/bw/publicationethics/
- 16. Key ethical consideration#1 • Transparency – Who funded the work? – Who did the work? (Authorship in detail) – Has the work been published before?
- 17. Authorship in detail • Authors should meet 1, 2, and 3*: – 1) substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; and – 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and – 3) final approval of the version to be published *International Committee of Medical Journal of Editors http://www.icmje.org/ethical_1author.html
- 18. Authorship in detail •For people who made a contribution but who don’t meet 1 + 2 + 3? – List names and describe contributions – As an “Acknowledgement”
- 19. Key ethical consideration#2 • Research integrity – Research misconduct – Rights of research participants (eg Informed consent, Privacy) – Respecting cultures and heritage – Informing readers about problems (In detail)
- 20. Inform readers aboutproblems • Correction (erratum) for errors in data or information, whatever the cause • “Retraction” if work is proven* fraud – Fabrication, falsification, plagiarism – Publish a statement of retraction, not remove article – *Proven usually by authors’ employer or governing body
- 21. Key ethical consideration#3 • Editorial standards and processes – Peer review – Appeals – Conflicts of interest (Editors, authors, peer reviewers) – Editorial independence – Accuracy and debate
- 22. Conflicts of interest •Editors, authors, peer reviewers • Disclose interests that might appear to affect objectivity • Financial (eg patent ownership, stock ownership, consultancies, speaker's fees), personal, political, intellectual, religious
- 23. Chris Graf Treasurer, Committeeon Publication Ethics Editorial Director, Wiley-Blackwell cgraf@wiley.com