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BRFSS
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- 2. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH • Personalhealth behaviors play role in premature morbidity and mortality • In the landmark article, Actual Causes of Death in the United States, by McGinnis and Foege (1993), the authors identify and describe major modifiable factors, mostly related to lifestyle and behavior, that contribute to death. The authors term these factors “actual causes of death. • In a 2004 article, Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000, Mokadad et al. identified and quantified the leading causes of mortality in the U.S. The top three causes where 1) tobacco, 2) poor diet and physical inactivity, and 3) alcohol consumption. • These studies followed the 1979 Surgeon General’s Report, Healthy People, calling for a • second public health revolution focusing on behavior and lifestyle • Estimates of health risk behaviors periodically collected through National Center for Health Statistics surveys • BRFSS has become a powerful tool for targeting and building health promotion activities
- 3. BRFSS • Largest continuouslyconducted telephone health survey in the world • questions focus on health behaviors related to leading causes of death and disease (condom use; HBP meds; tobacco use; mammogram; exercise) • Enables CDC and state health departments to monitor risk behaviors related to chronic diseases, injuries, and death
- 4. BEGINNINGS • 1981-83 • Initialpoint-in-time state surveys conducted in 29 states • 1984 • BRFSS established with 15 states participating in monthly data collection • 1984 15 states • 1990 45 states • 1997 50 states plus … District of Columbia Puerto Rico Guam Virgin Islands
- 5. QUESTIONNAIRE • Developed byCDC and state health departments • Five sections • Fixed core • Two rotating cores • Optional modules • Emerging core • State-added questions
- 6. 1. FIXED CORE •Health Status • Health Insurance • Routine Checkup • Diabetes • Smoking • Pregnancy • Women’s Health • HIV / AIDS • Demographics
- 7. 2. ROTATING CORE •Odd-Numbered Yrs • Hypertension • Injuries • Alcohol Use • Vaccinations • Colorectal Screening • Cholesterol • Even-Numbered Yrs • Physical Activities • Fruit and Vegetable Consumption • Weight Control
- 8. 3. OPTIONAL MODULES •Sexual Behavior • Family Planning • Health Care Coverage • Health Care Utilization • Preventive Counseling • Cardiovascular Disease • Arthritis • Quality of Life • Hypertension Awareness • Cholesterol Awareness • Colorectal Cancer Screening • Alcohol Consumption • Fruit/Vegetable Consumption • Exercise • Weight Control • Folic Acid • Skin Cancer • Social Context • Tobacco Use Prevention • Smokeless Tobacco Use • Firearms • Oral Health • Immunization • Injury Control
- 9. 4. EMERGING CORE •Focus on “late breaking” health issues • Evaluated yearly to determine potential value in future surveys
- 10. 5. STATE ADDEDQUESTIONS • Arkansas: smoke detectors in home • Colorado: ever smoked cigar • Florida: vaccinated against Hep B • Idaho: well water tested • Kentucky: helmet use when passenger on motorcycle
- 11. METHODOLOGY • Monthly telephoneinterviews (14 day period) • Data collected throughout year • Phone numbers randomly selected throughout the state • Cell pone survey now utilized • Business / nonworking numbers are omitted • Individuals 18 years and older are randomly selected from each household called
- 12. INTERVIEWERS • Trained toask questions same way • Use Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) software • responses entered directly into computer
- 13. USE OF SURVEYRESULTS • State/Local Health Departments • CDC • Academic Researchers • Health Professionals • Nonprofit Organizations • Insurance Companies • Managed Care Organizations • Students • Media • Military
- 14. SUMMARY • assess riskfor chronic diseases • identify demographic differences • measure trends in health-related behaviors • design and monitor health interventions & services • address emergent and critical health issues • formulate policy and propose legislation for health initiatives • measure progress towards achieving state and national health objectives