The keynote discussed how containers can provide robustness and improved utilization of resources. Containers isolate applications and enable sets of applications called pods to run together with shared resources. The key challenges discussed were unpredictable interference between containers, low resource utilization, and hard to enforce isolation. Solutions presented were using cgroups for isolation, allowing "slack" resources to be used for lower priority tasks, and moving enforcement directly into the kernel. Kubernetes was introduced as an open source project for orchestrating pods across multiple machines through replication and reconciliation of the actual vs desired state.