Breeding principles in self pollinated crops.pptx
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This document outlines several selection methods for improving self-pollinated crop species, including pure line selection, mass selection, bulk method, pedigree method, single seed descent, and backcrossing. Pure line selection involves selecting initial parents from a heterogeneous population and continuing selection and self-pollination until homogeneity is achieved, then field testing the pure lines. Mass selection selects ideal phenotypes in a population and bulks the seed, which may be directly performance tested or undergo repeated selection. The purpose is to discuss the characteristics, application, genetics, advantages, and disadvantages of these selection methods for self-pollinated crops.
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The most important step in plant breeding techniques are the screening and selection methods and their types are mentioned with easily understandable pictures
Selection introduction
Selection is a very important procedure in animal genetics and breeding. it is the method of choosing high genetic merit parents and produce superior progenies. Selection changes gene frequencies.
Pureline and Mass selection methods of plant breeding
Plant breeding is the process of manipulating plant species in order to create desired traits, such as increased yield, disease resistance, or improved nutritional content. It involves careful selection and crossing of plants with desirable characteristics over several generations to achieve the desired outcome. Introduction to pureline selection, characteristics of pureline, history, applications of pureline selection, general procedure of pureline selection, advantages and disadvantages of pureline selection, achievements.
Introduction to mass selection, applications of mass selection, Procedure of mass selection, merits of mass selection, demerits of mass selection, achievements of mass selection, difference between mass and pureline selection.
In pureline a large number of plants are selected from a self pollinated crop and are harvested individually, individual plant progenies from them are then evaluated, and the best progeny is released as a pureline variety. Therefore pureline selection is also known as individual plant selection.
In mass selection, a large number of plantsof similar phenotype are selected and their seeds are mixed together to constitute the new variety.
Mass selection is used for improvement of local varieties. Also used for purification of existing purelines.
Mass selection is a plant breeding method where plants with desirable traits are selected and allowed to interbreed to produce the next generation. It's a relatively simple approach, often used in the early stages of breeding programs to improve traits such as yield, disease resistance, or adaptation to specific environments. However, it may not be as precise or efficient as other breeding methods, such as pedigree selection or molecular breeding techniques.
Pureline selection is a breeding method focused on selecting and propagating individual plants that consistently exhibit desirable traits from generation to generation. It involves isolating plants with specific characteristics and allowing them to self-pollinate, ensuring genetic uniformity within the resulting offspring. This method is particularly effective for traits controlled by single genes and is commonly used to develop pure, uniform varieties in crops.
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General Introduction to Breeding Methods in Cross Pollinated crops, Mass Selection, Ear to row method and Progeny Selection Schemes
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This document discusses methods of breeding in cross-pollinated crops. It describes mass selection, progeny selection (ear-to-row method), modified ear-to-row method, and recurrent selection. It also discusses hybrid varieties, synthetic varieties, and the operations involved in producing hybrids and synthetics. The key methods discussed are mass selection, ear-to-row selection, and recurrent selection.
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Recommended
Plant breeding techniques
The most important step in plant breeding techniques are the screening and selection methods and their types are mentioned with easily understandable pictures
Selection introduction
Selection is a very important procedure in animal genetics and breeding. it is the method of choosing high genetic merit parents and produce superior progenies. Selection changes gene frequencies.
Pureline and Mass selection methods of plant breeding
Plant breeding is the process of manipulating plant species in order to create desired traits, such as increased yield, disease resistance, or improved nutritional content. It involves careful selection and crossing of plants with desirable characteristics over several generations to achieve the desired outcome. Introduction to pureline selection, characteristics of pureline, history, applications of pureline selection, general procedure of pureline selection, advantages and disadvantages of pureline selection, achievements.
Introduction to mass selection, applications of mass selection, Procedure of mass selection, merits of mass selection, demerits of mass selection, achievements of mass selection, difference between mass and pureline selection.
In pureline a large number of plants are selected from a self pollinated crop and are harvested individually, individual plant progenies from them are then evaluated, and the best progeny is released as a pureline variety. Therefore pureline selection is also known as individual plant selection.
In mass selection, a large number of plantsof similar phenotype are selected and their seeds are mixed together to constitute the new variety.
Mass selection is used for improvement of local varieties. Also used for purification of existing purelines.
Mass selection is a plant breeding method where plants with desirable traits are selected and allowed to interbreed to produce the next generation. It's a relatively simple approach, often used in the early stages of breeding programs to improve traits such as yield, disease resistance, or adaptation to specific environments. However, it may not be as precise or efficient as other breeding methods, such as pedigree selection or molecular breeding techniques.
Pureline selection is a breeding method focused on selecting and propagating individual plants that consistently exhibit desirable traits from generation to generation. It involves isolating plants with specific characteristics and allowing them to self-pollinate, ensuring genetic uniformity within the resulting offspring. This method is particularly effective for traits controlled by single genes and is commonly used to develop pure, uniform varieties in crops.
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This document discusses different types of selection including natural selection, where survival of the fittest is enforced by nature, and artificial selection, which is performed by humans. It also describes three modes of selection: directional selection which selects for extreme phenotypes, disruptive selection which selects phenotypes at both extremes, and stabilizing selection which selects intermediate phenotypes. Selection can increase the frequency of desirable genes in a population and decrease undesirable genes. Individual selection is discussed as the simplest form of selection, where individuals are selected based solely on their own phenotypic values and performance.
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Selection cycle may be repeated one or more times to increase the frequency of favorable alleles - phenotypic recurrent selection.
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Pedigree selection is a widely used method of breeding self-pollinated species.
A key difference between pedigree selection and mass selection or pure-line selection is that hybridization is used to generate variability (for the base population), unlike the other methods in which production of genetic variation is not a feature.
The method was first described by H. H. Lowe in 1927.
Pedigree selection is a breeding method in which the breeder keeps records of the ancestry of the cultivar.
The base population is established by crossing selected parents, followed by handling an actively segregating population.
Documentation of the pedigree enables breeders to trace parent–progeny back to an individual F2 plant from any subsequent generation.
The breeder should develop an effective, easy to maintain system of record keeping.
Pedigree selection is applicable to breeding species that allow individual plants to be observed, described, and harvested separately.
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The method was first described by H. H. Lowe in 1927.
Pedigree selection is a breeding method in which the breeder keeps records of the ancestry of the cultivar.
The base population is established by crossing selected parents, followed by handling an actively segregating population.
Documentation of the pedigree enables breeders to trace parent–progeny back to an individual F2 plant from any subsequent generation.
The breeder should develop an effective, easy to maintain system of record keeping.
Pedigree selection is applicable to breeding species that allow individual plants to be observed, described, and harvested separately.
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Breeding of self pollinated crops
This document provides information about breeding methods for self-pollinated crops. It discusses pureline selection, mass selection, and multiline breeding. Pureline selection involves selecting homogeneous progeny from a self-pollinated homozygous plant. Mass selection is when plants are selected based on phenotype from a mixed population and their seeds are bulked. Multiline breeding involves developing a variety from a mixture of isolines or related lines to provide genetic diversity and disease resistance.
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This document discusses different selection methods used in cross-pollinating crops, including mass selection, selfed plant mass selection, progeny selection, recurrent selection, pedigree method, bulk method, and single seed descent method. Mass selection involves selecting individual plants based on performance and using bulked seeds for the next generation. Progeny selection is a form of mass selection that uses progeny testing to select superior plants. Recurrent selection cycles involve selecting plants over multiple generations with interbreeding to provide genetic recombination. The pedigree method maintains records on selected plants over generations until lines are homozygous. The bulk and single seed descent methods aim to attain homozygosity before individual plant selection.
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What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
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cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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- 1. Selection Methods in Self Pollinated Crops Breeding Principles in self pollinated crops
- 2. Expected outcomes • Self-pollinated species have a genetic structure that has implication in the choice of methods for their improvement. • They are naturally inbred and hence inbreeding to fix genes is one of the goals of a breeding program for self-pollinated species in which variability is generated by crossing. • However, crossing does not precede some breeding methods for self-pollinated species.
- 3. Expected outcomes…. • The purpose of this chapter is outline specific methods of selection for improving self-pollinated species. • After studying this chapter, you should be able to discuss the characteristics, application, genetics, advantages, and disadvantages of the following methods of selection:
- 4. Selection A procedure that allows some individuals in the population to reproduce so that the freq. of the descendants of these selected individuals increases in succeeding generations and vice versa.
- 5. Selection……. • Only selected individuals are allowed to become parents of the next generation. • The strength of selection is expressed as selection differential (s) • The proportionate contribution of the offspring's to next generations is termed as fitness or selective value. • Due to selection gene freq. in the population changes.
- 6. Selection Methods in Self Pollinated Crops 1.Pure line 2.Mass selection 3. Bulk method 4. Pedigree 5. Single Seed Descent (modified pedigree) 6.Backcross
- 8. Pure line • Usually no hybridization • Initial parents (IPs) selected from a heterogeneous population (i.e. genetically variable) • procedure continues until homogeneity is achieved • last phase is field testing
- 9. Pure-line Selection • A pure line consists of progeny descended solely by self-pollination from a single homozygous plant • Pure line selection is therefore a procedure for isolating pure line(s) from a mixed population
- 10. Pure-line selection • More effective than mass selection in development of self-pollinated cultivars • However, leads to rapid depletion of genetic variation • Genetic variability can be managed through directed cross hybridizations • Essential to progeny test selections
- 11. Pure-line Selection-Steps Select desirable plants • Number depends on variation of original population, space and resources for following year progeny tests • Selecting too few plants may risk losing superior genetic variation • A genotype missed early is lost forever
- 12. Steps….. • Seed from each selection is harvested individually • Single plant progen • y rows grown out Evaluate for desirable traits and uniformity Should use severe selection criteria (rogue out all poor, unpromising and variable progenies)
- 13. Steps…. • Selected progenies are harvested individually • In subsequent years, run replicated yield trials with selection of highest yielding plants • After 4-6 rounds, highest yielding plant is put forward as a new cultivar
- 14. Advantages of pure line selection • Individual of best pure line reflects maximum genetic advance from a variable population; no ‘poor’ plants maintained • Higher degree of uniformity • Selection based on progeny performance is effective for characters with relatively low heritability
- 15. Disadvantages of pure line selection • Requires relatively more time, space, and resources for progeny testing than mass selection to develop new cultivar • High degree of genetic uniformity; more genetically vulnerable and less adaptable to fluctuating environments • Identifying and multiplication of one outstanding pure-line depletes available genetic variation; • Leads to fast genetic erosion
- 16. How long will a cultivar remain pure? 1. As long as the commercial life of the cultivar, unless: Seed becomes contaminated with seed from other sources (e.g. from harvesting and seed cleaning equipment) • Natural out-crossing occurs (amount varies by species but seldom exceeds 1-2% in self- pollinated crops) • Mutations occur 2. To maintain purity, off-types arising from mutation or out-crossing must be rogued out
- 17. Generalized steps in breeding by pure-line selection.
- 18. Mass selection
- 20. Mass selection • May or may not include hybridization • Make IP selections based on single, ideal or desirable phenotype and BULK seed • May repeat or go directly to performance testing
- 21. Functions of Mass Selection 1.Rapid improvement in land-race or mixed cultivars 2.Maintenance of existing cultivars (sometimes purification)