For introduction

1. BREAST CANCER SCREENING
GENERAL SURGERY DEPERTMENT KCMC
BY DR MKUNDE

2. BREAST
• Is a grandular organ located on the anterior
aspect of the chest in both female and male
• It is made up of connective tissue ,fat, glands
that contain milk in female
• These organ can be affected with many diseases
including cancer,

3. BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer is defined as malignant neoplasm of
the breast arising from the epithelial lining of the
lobule, ducts and the nipple
• Are abnormal breast cells grow out of control and
form a tumor
• If left unchecked the tumor can spread near by
breast tissue(invasion) and create a lump and
thickening the breast tissue and spread near by LN
,then distance metastasis and become fatal
• Early form (insitu) is not life threatening ,can be
treated and get cured

4. SYMPTOMS/SIGN
• Changes of the shape, size and appearance of the breast
• A breast lump or thickening area of the skin that feels
different from the surrounding tissue
• Nipple retraction
• Satellite Node
• Dimpling ,redness, pitting or other changes in the skin
,peaud orange,fungating,ulceration
• Abnormal nipple discharge, may be blood or other fluid
• In ssame cases there may associate with pain and fever

6. AETIOLOGY
• GENDER: being a female
• AGE: chances increasing with age
• GENETIC FACTORS: 5% to 10% of
getting breast ca
• FAMILY HXO BREAST CA: mother,
father, sister,brother,doughter
• Early menarche [≤ 12 years]
• Late age at first pregnancy [>30

7. CONT
• Obesity
• Early weening
• Separate and alcohol intake
• Radiation exposer

8. TYPES BREAST CA
 Non-invasive
 Lobular carcinoma in situ [LCIS]
 Ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]
 Invasive
 Lobular carcinoma
 Ductal carcinoma
 Mucinous / colloid carcinoma
 Medullary carcinoma
 Pagets disease of the nipple

9. SPREAD
 Direct
 Lymphatic
 Blood
 Transcoelomic implantation

10. BREAST CANCER SCREANING
• Breast cancer screening is looking for sign of disease
before the patient has developed sympyoms,sugn
• In the absence of a specific breast complaint, breast
cancer can be detected by screening.
• Methods of breast cancer screening are
- breast self-exam (BSE)
- clinical breast exam (CBE)
- screening mammography
_ Tissue biopsy

11. GOAL
• Is to find cancer of the breast at a very early
stage
• Early cancer stage can be treated and may be
cured
• To reduce mortality and morbidity rate that can
be caused by breast cancer
• Scientists are trying to deliver education about
breast cancer to the community and is
implication if not treated rearly

12. BSE
• lead to earlier detection of some cancers, but
also higher rates of benign biopsies
• BSE should be reviewed and consistent month to
month
• Patient should inspect and palpate both breasts,
axillae, examine the nipples and skin, and check
for nipple discharge

13. BSE
• USING MIRROR : stand infant of the mirror and
lift up your hand look careful to both breast for
any new changes
• You can lay down(supine)/ sit and one hand
kept behind your head and other hand palpating
the opposite breast

14. HOW TO DO BSE

15. CBE
• A Qualified health care professional carries out a
complete exam of the breasts and axillae

16. CBE

18. INVESTIGATIONDS
• USS
• MAOMMOGRAPHY
• CORE NEEDLE/ OPEN BIOPSY
• HORMONE TEST
• CT SCAN/MRI
• GENETIC SCREENING,: P53,BI-RADS 1,BI- RADS
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