BGP is an exterior gateway protocol that allows routers to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems to enable internet traffic routing. It performs several key functions including storing routes, updating routes when new information is received, selecting the best routes, and advertising routes to peers. IPv6 addresses come in three types - unicast for unique nodes, multicast for groups, and anycast for interfaces belonging to different nodes. IPv6 offers advantages like greater security, reliability, and routing efficiency to address the growing number of internet-connected devices. However, complete conversion from IPv4 will take time due to current widespread usage.

1. Border Gateway Protocol
& IPV6

2. BGP Autonomous Systems
• An autonomous system is a collection of networks that comes
under the single common administrative domain. Or we can say
that it is a collection of routers under the single administrative
domain.
• BGP Features
• Open standard
• Exterior Gateway Protocol
• InterAS-domain routing
• Supports internet
• Classless
• Configure neighborhood relationship

3. • BGP Route Information Management Functions:
• Route Storage: Each BGP stores information about how to reach other
networks.
• Route Update: In this task, Special techniques are used to determine
when and how to use the information received from peers to properly
update the routes.
• Route Selection: Each BGP uses the information in its route databases
to select good routes to each network on the internet network.
• Route advertisement: Each BGP speaker regularly tells its peer what is
known about various networks and methods to reach them

4. IPV6
Types of IPv6 Address
• Unicast addresses It identifies a unique node on a network and
usually refers to a single sender or a single receiver.
• Multicast addresses It represents a group of IP devices and can
only be used as the destination of a datagram.
• Anycast addresses It is assigned to a set of interfaces that
typically belong to different nodes.

5. • Advantages of IPv6
• Reliability
• Faster Speeds: IPv6 supports multicast rather than broadcast in IPv4.This
feature allows bandwidth-intensive packet flows (like multimedia streams) to
be sent to multiple destinations all at once.
• Stronger Security: IP Security, which provides confidentiality, and data
integrity, is embedded into IPv6.
• Routing efficiency
• Most importantly it’s the final solution for growing nodes in Global-network.
• Disadvantages of IPv6
• Conversion: Due to widespread present usage of IPv4 it will take a long
period to completely shift to IPv6.
• Communication: IPv4 and IPv6 machines cannot communicate directly with
each other. They need an intermediate technology to make that possible.

6. Subnetting