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Washington State University Bonds, Levies and Voter Patterns August 12, 2008 Jon Gores Senior Vice President (206) 389-4043 [email_address]
Introduction to D.A. Davidson ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In 2007, Davidson completed 219 public finance negotiated transactions totaling $1.545 billion. Our most recent ranking was 11 th  in the country among municipal underwriters by number of sales and the top 30th by dollar amount. In 2007, Davidson senior managed 16 school district transactions.  In addition, we served as a Financial Advisor on 2 bond issues totaling $112 million in 2007. So far in 2008 Davidson has Senior Managed 13 Washington School District transactions. Washington Schools 2008 2008 Totals Senior Manager 2 Piper Jaffray 7 Seattle-Northwest 13 D.A. Davidson & Co.
Davidson’s Education Finance Team Jack Eaton Managing Director 35 Yrs Experience Jon Gores Sr. Vice President 23 Yrs Experience Dave Trageser Sr. Vice President 23 Yrs Experience Financial and Quantitative Analysis Chad Cowan Vice President 9 Yrs Experience Municipal Credit Maura Lentini Vice President 7 Yrs Experience Disclosure Shandra Tietze Associate 25 Yrs Experience Underwriting Mark Froio Vice President 24 Yrs Experience Marketing Joe Brady Sr. Vice President/ Sales Manager 25 Yrs Experience Fixed Income Research Mary Ann Hurley Vice President 30 Yrs Experience D.A. Davidson & Co. Northwest Education Finance Team BANKERS Analytics Kelsey Draper Administrative Assistant We have the most experienced school finance team in the state.
Davidson’s 2007/2008 Washington School District Transactions $27,800,000 West Valley School District No. 208 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $14,750,000 Orting School District No. 344 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $22,775,000 Ellensburg School District No. 401 Unlimited Tax General Obligation  Refunding Bonds, 2007 $3,500,000 Cape Flattery School District No. 401 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $9,720,000 Griffin School District No. 324 Unlimited Tax General Obligation  Refunding Bonds, 2007 $9,700,000 Arlington School District No. 16 Unlimited Tax General Obligation  Refunding Bonds, 2007 $15,000,000 Riverview School District No. 407 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $15,000,000 Deer Park School District No. 414-200-61 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $8,000,000 Nine Mile Falls School District No. 325-170 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007
Davidson’s 2007/2008 Washington School District Transactions ( Continued ) $9,900,000 Kelso School District No. 458 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $4,296,277 Prescott School District No. 402-37 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $5,835,000 Burlington-Edison  School District No. 100 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $45,000,000 Federal Way School District No. 210 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $67,000,000 North Thurston Public Schools Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $7,155,000 Port Townsend School District No. 50 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $2,205,000 Liberty School District No. 362 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $15,000,000 Riverview School District No. 407 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008 $36,000,000 Sumner School District No. 320 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007
2007/2008 Washington School District Transactions ( Continued ) $2,115,000 Sultan School District No. 311 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $7,645,000 Nooksack Valley School District No. 506 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $5,650,000 Selah School District No. 119 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $4,350,000 Nine Mile Falls School District No. 325 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008 $7,440,000 Toppenish School District No. 202 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $16,000,000 Oak Harbor School District No. 201 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008 $2,795,000 Aberdeen School District No. 5 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $5,500,000 Lake Chelan School District No. 129 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008 $4,290,000 Sequim School District No. 323 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008
2007/2008 Washington School District Transactions ( Continued ) $7,470,000 Orting School District No. 344 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $14,695,000 Tahoma School District No. 409 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $13,615,000 Northshore School District No. 417 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $15,000,000 Freeman School District No. 358 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Election Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Election Timing ,[object Object]
Voting Patterns
Voting Patterns
Voting Patterns
Multiple Propositions on Same Ballot Example: PROPOSITION 2 BONDS FOR NEW STADIUM AND MULTIPURPOSE FIELD The Board of Directors of ABC District No. 1 adopted Resolution No. 11-07/08, concerning a proposition to finance a new stadium and multipurpose field.  This proposition would authorize the District, only if Proposition 1 is approved, to construct and equip a new High School Stadium and synthetic turf multipurpose field; issue no more than $4,000,000 of general obligation bonds maturing within 20 years; and levy annual excess property taxes to repay the bonds, all as provided in Resolution No. 11-07-08. Should this proposition be: Approved………. ____ Rejected………...____
Multiple Ballot Measures ,[object Object]
M&O/Bonds on the Same Ballot
M&O and Capital Levies on the Same Ballot
M&O and Transportation Levies on the Same Ballot
2009 Special Election and Resolution Filing Dates
[object Object],Controlling Tax Rates
[object Object],Tax Rate Changes % In Favor *2003 Eiland Survey 60%
[object Object],[object Object],Tax Rates Research
[object Object],[object Object],Tax Rate Change ,[object Object],[object Object]
Consumer Confidence Index
Standard & Poor’s 500 Index
[object Object]
2008 Election Summary February Election March Election
2008 Election Summary April Election May Election
[object Object]
[object Object],Property Taxes Source:  Tom Eiland & CFM Consulting 20% 68% 2007 Voters 66% Agree 23% 2005 Voters Disagree
Property Taxes 101 Increases in Home Values Will Not Increase School District Tax Collections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
$1,000 Levy $250  $250  $250  $250 $100,000  $100,000  $100,000  $100,000 Property Taxes 101
$1,000 Levy $250  $250  $250  $250 $200,000  $200,000  $200,000  $200,000 Property Taxes 101
$1,000 Levy $187.50  $250  $250  $312.50 $150,000  $200,000  $200,000  $250,000 Property Taxes 101
Property Taxes 101 $1,000 Levy $200  $200  $200  $200  $200 $100,000  $100,000  $100,000  $100,000 $100,000
Increase in Property Values Will Not Increase School District Tax Collections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Year Home Value Tax Rate Tax Bill ABC School District Home Value 2006 $100,000 $5.00/$1,000 $500 Assume a 20% increase in Assessed   Value for ABC School District #1:  20% increase 2007 $120,000 $4.17/$1,000 $500 #2:  10% increase 2007 $110,000 $4.17/$1,000 $459 #3:  30% increase 2007 $130,000 $4.17/$1,000 $542
Property Taxes 101 Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Capital Financing Options ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Capital Finance Options
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Capital Financial Options ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Capital Financing Options
[object Object],Preparing for the Election
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Planning a Bond Financing
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Planning a Financing
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bond Proposition
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Ballot Proposition—Capital Projects Levy
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Capital Projects Proposition Approximate Levy Rate/$1,000 Collection Year Assessed Value Levy Amount 2009 $_________ $________ 2010 $_________ $________ 2011 $_________ $________ 2012 $_________ $________ All as provided in Resolution No. ___.  Should this proposition be approved? LEVY . . . YES ___   LEVY . . . NO ___
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Financing Plan
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Financial Planning
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Financial Planning
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Financial Planning NR (Nonrated) Lowest Quality Baa1, Baa2, Baa3 A1, A2, A3 Aa1, Aa2, Aa3 Aaa Highest Quality Moody’s Investors Service – Founded 1918 A Guide to Bond Ratings
Bond raters consider local economy, district finances and other factors. Example : Financial Planning The Rating Debt Factors Economy Governmental Factors Financial Performance A2 Yakima A1 Sumner Aa1 Issaquah A1 Richland A3 Selah Aa3 Puyallup Aa3 Edmonds A3 Lake Chelan Aa3 Tacoma
Financial Planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Change from Previous Years
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Financial Planning
Option #1:  Level Debt Service $70MM
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Option #2:  Level Tax Rate $70MM
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Option #3:  Stepped Level Tax Rate $70MM
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Option #4:  Level Tax Rate (All) $70MM
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Option #5:  Level Tax Rate (All) $70MM
Tax Impact Analysis Issue Structure: Level Debt Service Estimated 2008 Tax Rate Increase Over 2007 Tax Rate (Bonds Only) (per $1,000 assessed value): $0.53 -- Federal Income Tax Bracket-- Net Tax Increase from Bonds After Allowing for Income Tax Deduction NOTE: Qualified homeowners may apply for a senior exemption. Please contact the  County Assessor for details. 35% 33% 28% 25% Monthly Gross Increase Gross Property Tax Increase For Bonds Assessed Value of Property 103.55 106.53 114.48 119.25 13.23 159.00 300,000 86.13 88.78 95.40 99.38 11.04 132.50 250,000 68.90 71.02 76.32 79.50 8.83 106.00 200,000 51.68 53.27 57.24 59.63 6.63 79.50 150,000 $34.45 $35.51 38.16 $39.75 $4.42 $53.00 $100,000
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Things to Consider
Financing Alternatives for School Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Refunding Overview ,[object Object],[object Object]
Refunding Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Call Feature on Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Refunding Overview ISSUER Debt Service on Outstanding Bonds New Refunding Bonds Special U.S. Government Obligation (SLGS) and T-Bills Debt Service on Refunding Bonds Old Bonds New Bonds Debt Service on Outstanding Bonds Old Bonds New Bonds TO BUY TO PAY OWES ISSUES OWES
Points to Consider ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selling the Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Competitive vs. Negotiated ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SAFECO Montana Board of Investments Santa Barbara Trust Charles Schwab Washington First First Security Investment  Wells Fargo Bank Discover Brokerage PEMCO American Marine Bank Peoples Bank 1st Independent Bank WM Advisors Bank of America USAA Investment Management Co. Franklin Federal Tax Free Fund ICM Asset Management Baker Boyer National Bank Northern State Bank Thornburg Investment Management WEST Fidelity Investments PNC Bank Bear Stearns MD Sass Investors Services Inc. Chase Manhattan Bank Colonial Funds Pioneering Management Corp. AAL Capital Management  Lord Abbett Delaware Management Co. Alliance Capital Management Co. Salomon Brothers Asset Management Sanford C. Bernstein DB Scudder of Boston, MA Dreyfus U. S. Trust of New York Boston Company Eaton Vance Municipals . EAST CENTRAL Nuveen Advisory Corp Strong Capital Management  Allstate Insurance Co.  Stein Roe & Farnham State Farm Fire & Casualty  IDS Tax Exempt Voyageur Asset Management Janus Investors Fiduciary Trust Co. Continental Illinois Nat’l. Bank Allstate Insurance Co. Northern Trust Co. Montana Tax-Free Fund Wells Fargo Bank  State Farm Fire & Casualty Harris Bank Heartland Advisors Inc. First Security Investment U.S. Bank Bank One United Savings & Loan Society Asset Management *  Selected representative institutional clients Selling the Bonds
Selling the Bonds
Levy Library http://www.levylibrary.org/
Levy Library
Levy Library
D.A. Davidson Contact List ,[object Object],Kelsey Draper Administrative Assistant (206) 903-8694 phone (206) 389-4040 fax [email_address] Chad Cowan Vice President (206) 903-8697 phone (206) 389-4040 fax [email_address] Maria Elvrum Executive Assistant (206) 389-4044 phone (206) 389-4040 fax [email_address] Shandra Tietze Associate (206) 903-8695 phone (206) 389-4040 fax [email_address] Maura Lentini Vice President (206) 903-8687 phone (206) 389-4040 fax [email_address] Jon Gores Senior Vice President (206) 389-4043 phone (206) 389-4040 fax [email_address] Jack Eaton Senior Vice President (206) 903-8698 phone (206) 389-4040 fax [email_address]

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Bondsleviesvoterptrns 8 12 08

  • 1. Washington State University Bonds, Levies and Voter Patterns August 12, 2008 Jon Gores Senior Vice President (206) 389-4043 [email_address]
  • 2.
  • 3. Davidson’s Education Finance Team Jack Eaton Managing Director 35 Yrs Experience Jon Gores Sr. Vice President 23 Yrs Experience Dave Trageser Sr. Vice President 23 Yrs Experience Financial and Quantitative Analysis Chad Cowan Vice President 9 Yrs Experience Municipal Credit Maura Lentini Vice President 7 Yrs Experience Disclosure Shandra Tietze Associate 25 Yrs Experience Underwriting Mark Froio Vice President 24 Yrs Experience Marketing Joe Brady Sr. Vice President/ Sales Manager 25 Yrs Experience Fixed Income Research Mary Ann Hurley Vice President 30 Yrs Experience D.A. Davidson & Co. Northwest Education Finance Team BANKERS Analytics Kelsey Draper Administrative Assistant We have the most experienced school finance team in the state.
  • 4. Davidson’s 2007/2008 Washington School District Transactions $27,800,000 West Valley School District No. 208 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $14,750,000 Orting School District No. 344 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $22,775,000 Ellensburg School District No. 401 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $3,500,000 Cape Flattery School District No. 401 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $9,720,000 Griffin School District No. 324 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $9,700,000 Arlington School District No. 16 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $15,000,000 Riverview School District No. 407 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $15,000,000 Deer Park School District No. 414-200-61 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $8,000,000 Nine Mile Falls School District No. 325-170 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007
  • 5. Davidson’s 2007/2008 Washington School District Transactions ( Continued ) $9,900,000 Kelso School District No. 458 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $4,296,277 Prescott School District No. 402-37 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $5,835,000 Burlington-Edison School District No. 100 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $45,000,000 Federal Way School District No. 210 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $67,000,000 North Thurston Public Schools Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007 $7,155,000 Port Townsend School District No. 50 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $2,205,000 Liberty School District No. 362 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $15,000,000 Riverview School District No. 407 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008 $36,000,000 Sumner School District No. 320 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2007
  • 6. 2007/2008 Washington School District Transactions ( Continued ) $2,115,000 Sultan School District No. 311 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $7,645,000 Nooksack Valley School District No. 506 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2007 $5,650,000 Selah School District No. 119 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $4,350,000 Nine Mile Falls School District No. 325 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008 $7,440,000 Toppenish School District No. 202 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $16,000,000 Oak Harbor School District No. 201 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008 $2,795,000 Aberdeen School District No. 5 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $5,500,000 Lake Chelan School District No. 129 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008 $4,290,000 Sequim School District No. 323 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008
  • 7. 2007/2008 Washington School District Transactions ( Continued ) $7,470,000 Orting School District No. 344 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $14,695,000 Tahoma School District No. 409 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $13,615,000 Northshore School District No. 417 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Refunding Bonds, 2008 $15,000,000 Freeman School District No. 358 Unlimited Tax General Obligation Bonds, 2008
  • 8.
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  • 14. Multiple Propositions on Same Ballot Example: PROPOSITION 2 BONDS FOR NEW STADIUM AND MULTIPURPOSE FIELD The Board of Directors of ABC District No. 1 adopted Resolution No. 11-07/08, concerning a proposition to finance a new stadium and multipurpose field. This proposition would authorize the District, only if Proposition 1 is approved, to construct and equip a new High School Stadium and synthetic turf multipurpose field; issue no more than $4,000,000 of general obligation bonds maturing within 20 years; and levy annual excess property taxes to repay the bonds, all as provided in Resolution No. 11-07-08. Should this proposition be: Approved………. ____ Rejected………...____
  • 15.
  • 16. M&O/Bonds on the Same Ballot
  • 17. M&O and Capital Levies on the Same Ballot
  • 18. M&O and Transportation Levies on the Same Ballot
  • 19. 2009 Special Election and Resolution Filing Dates
  • 20.
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  • 25. Standard & Poor’s 500 Index
  • 26.
  • 27. 2008 Election Summary February Election March Election
  • 28. 2008 Election Summary April Election May Election
  • 29.
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  • 32. $1,000 Levy $250 $250 $250 $250 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 Property Taxes 101
  • 33. $1,000 Levy $250 $250 $250 $250 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 Property Taxes 101
  • 34. $1,000 Levy $187.50 $250 $250 $312.50 $150,000 $200,000 $200,000 $250,000 Property Taxes 101
  • 35. Property Taxes 101 $1,000 Levy $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000
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  • 53. Bond raters consider local economy, district finances and other factors. Example : Financial Planning The Rating Debt Factors Economy Governmental Factors Financial Performance A2 Yakima A1 Sumner Aa1 Issaquah A1 Richland A3 Selah Aa3 Puyallup Aa3 Edmonds A3 Lake Chelan Aa3 Tacoma
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56. Option #1: Level Debt Service $70MM
  • 57.
  • 58. Option #2: Level Tax Rate $70MM
  • 59.
  • 60. Option #3: Stepped Level Tax Rate $70MM
  • 61.
  • 62. Option #4: Level Tax Rate (All) $70MM
  • 63.
  • 64. Option #5: Level Tax Rate (All) $70MM
  • 65. Tax Impact Analysis Issue Structure: Level Debt Service Estimated 2008 Tax Rate Increase Over 2007 Tax Rate (Bonds Only) (per $1,000 assessed value): $0.53 -- Federal Income Tax Bracket-- Net Tax Increase from Bonds After Allowing for Income Tax Deduction NOTE: Qualified homeowners may apply for a senior exemption. Please contact the County Assessor for details. 35% 33% 28% 25% Monthly Gross Increase Gross Property Tax Increase For Bonds Assessed Value of Property 103.55 106.53 114.48 119.25 13.23 159.00 300,000 86.13 88.78 95.40 99.38 11.04 132.50 250,000 68.90 71.02 76.32 79.50 8.83 106.00 200,000 51.68 53.27 57.24 59.63 6.63 79.50 150,000 $34.45 $35.51 38.16 $39.75 $4.42 $53.00 $100,000
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  • 71. Refunding Overview ISSUER Debt Service on Outstanding Bonds New Refunding Bonds Special U.S. Government Obligation (SLGS) and T-Bills Debt Service on Refunding Bonds Old Bonds New Bonds Debt Service on Outstanding Bonds Old Bonds New Bonds TO BUY TO PAY OWES ISSUES OWES
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 75. SAFECO Montana Board of Investments Santa Barbara Trust Charles Schwab Washington First First Security Investment Wells Fargo Bank Discover Brokerage PEMCO American Marine Bank Peoples Bank 1st Independent Bank WM Advisors Bank of America USAA Investment Management Co. Franklin Federal Tax Free Fund ICM Asset Management Baker Boyer National Bank Northern State Bank Thornburg Investment Management WEST Fidelity Investments PNC Bank Bear Stearns MD Sass Investors Services Inc. Chase Manhattan Bank Colonial Funds Pioneering Management Corp. AAL Capital Management Lord Abbett Delaware Management Co. Alliance Capital Management Co. Salomon Brothers Asset Management Sanford C. Bernstein DB Scudder of Boston, MA Dreyfus U. S. Trust of New York Boston Company Eaton Vance Municipals . EAST CENTRAL Nuveen Advisory Corp Strong Capital Management Allstate Insurance Co. Stein Roe & Farnham State Farm Fire & Casualty IDS Tax Exempt Voyageur Asset Management Janus Investors Fiduciary Trust Co. Continental Illinois Nat’l. Bank Allstate Insurance Co. Northern Trust Co. Montana Tax-Free Fund Wells Fargo Bank State Farm Fire & Casualty Harris Bank Heartland Advisors Inc. First Security Investment U.S. Bank Bank One United Savings & Loan Society Asset Management * Selected representative institutional clients Selling the Bonds
  • 80.