Napoleon Bonaparte was the first emperor of France who revolutionized military organization. The Napoleonic Code established equality under the law and merit-based government jobs. The Napoleonic Wars lasted from 1803 to 1815 across Europe. Napoleon's attack on Russia in 1812 was a complete failure, with only 10,000 of 600,000 soldiers remaining fit for battle. This defeat encouraged his enemies and led to Napoleon's surrender in 1814.

1. A. Mark the statements True (T) or False (F).
1. Napoleon Bonaparte was a Russian commander.
2. Napoleonic Wars lasted over 20 years.
3. Russia attacked on France and France defeated the Russians.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
Napoleon Bonaparte was a military general and the first emperor of France. He revolutionized military
organization and training, sponsored the Napoleonic Code, reorganized education.
Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Code forbade privileges based on birth and allowed freedom of religion. It stated that the
most qualified citizens must get government jobs. The terms of the code are the main basis for many other
countries’ civil codes in Europe and North America.
The Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of European wars. They lasted from 1803 to Napoleon’s second
abdication of power in 1815.
Beginning of the End
Napoleon attacked on Russia but his attack was a complete failure. He lost much of his soldiers. Out of
600.000 men, just 10.000 were still fit for the battle. News of the defeat reinvigorated Napoleon's enemies,
both inside and outside of France. With international pressure, Napoleon surrendered to allied forces on
March 30, 1814.
B. Find the words in the text that means the following.
1. rule (para. 1) (noun):
2. support (para.1) (verb):
3. continue (para.3) (verb):
4. total (para.4) (adjective):
C. Answer the following questions.
1. What does “He” in the first paragraph refer to?
2. What does “It” in the second paragraph refer to?
3. What does “his” in the fourth paragraph refer to?
D. Fill in each gap by using the information in the text.
Napoleon Bonaparte was the__________emperor of France. His attack on Russia was not_________.
He lost majority of his _________ in the battle. He also changed things in __________. There was a
series of wars, called_________ and it ended in __________.
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
If you want a thing done well, do it yourself.

2. E. VocabularyPractice:Thefollowingwordsarefromthetext.Useadictionarytowritetheirdefinitions
and different forms and then use the most suitable form to complete the sentences given.
Word Definition Other Forms
revolutionize (verb)(para.1)
1. The new cancer drug is a __________breakthrough.
2. The role of women changed after the French__________.
3. His work__________ the treatment of this disease.
Word Definition Other Forms
education (noun)(para.1)
1. The Ormerod School _________ handicapped children.
2. She is a highly_________woman.
3. There are now many __________ programs for children on TV.
Word Definition Other Forms
sponsor (verb)(para.1)
1. The expedition looks for __________ from one of the major banks.
2. Eastman Kodak is a major __________of the Olympics.
3. British Airways _________ the competition.
F. Complete the text below with one of the words.
In the (1)__________ following the French Revolution, a young
military (2)__________, Napoleon Bonaparte, (3)__________to power.
After proving himself on the battlefield, Napoleon (4)__________the
leader (and eventually emperor) of France. Under
(5)__________brilliant leadership, French armies
(6)__________across Europe, expanding the empire. He seemed
unstoppable until a disastrous (7)__________of Russia in 1812 sowed
the seeds for his (8)__________.
downfall
invasion
turmoil
commander
rose
swept
became
his