The document draws parallels between solving the Boltzmann Transport Equation and building a high tech company from an initial idea to commercial success. It discusses how the equation can represent the balance of gains (revenue sources) and losses (expenses) for a company over time. Real-world examples from the speaker's own company are provided to illustrate how new products allowed expansion into larger markets as solutions to the "business equation" while addressing changes in boundary conditions like market crashes.

1. Drawing parallels between the Boltzmann
Transport Equation
and the random walk of a high tech
company
4 April 2012
Presented by
Clint Ballinger

2. GEEK
G
Crude Attempts at Humor
Randomness
Mild Scientific Language
Rating by the Society of Nanotechnologists
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 2

3. Agenda
Introduction
- Who am I and why am I here
Technical Stuff
-Evident’s basic technology
-Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) and how it relates to B$E
Non-Technical Stuff
-Real life examples and how they relate to the terms of the B$E
Hidden Agenda:
If you can understand and solve complex
equations, you can commercialize an idea!
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 3

4. Who?
Developed Monte Carlo methods for electron, photon and neutron transport calculations.
Classically trained in Nuclear Engineering
Creativity/Education + Retarded Optimism = Entrepreneur
Some skills that Failure is not an option
differentiate you
from society
World average years of education = 6.1
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 4

5. Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 5

6. WHY?
You may be asking yourself WHY?
- why draw parallels between the Boltzmann equation
and business
- why should I care about such non-scientific subject
this is RPI not some lame business school
When Opportunity meets Preparation--- great things happens!
Who in the World is better positioned to
create the next technology breakthrough?
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 6

7. TV Remote control
Microwave oven
LEDs
Smoke detectors
GPS
I want YOU
To develop a cure for cancer,
create transportation that does not rely on fossil fuel,
store electricity efficiently and cheaply,
and make a space elevator!!!
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 7

8. Semiconductors
Electrons are mobile
Electrons are in the “conduction band”
e- Conductor -metal
Electrons are not very mobile
Electrons are in the “valance band”
e- Insulator -glass
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 8

9. Semiconductors
e- V
e- Semiconductor
e-
e- Semiconductor
No stimulus
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 9

10. Semiconductor
Bulk
“natural” material
Nanomaterials
Atoms/Molecules
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 10

11. Our Technology
We make semiconductor nanocrystal a.k.a. quantum dots
Avg Size =
55 ± 6 Å
20 nm
PbS Core
Initial Idea- use this material as a nonlinear optical element in telecom switching applications
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 11

12. Our Technology
e-
Bohr Radius for the Material
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 12

13. Wavelength Dependent on Size and
Material System
e-
e-
What can you do with a tunable bandgap
semiconductor that is nano-sized?
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 13

14. Our Technology
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 14

15. Platform technology
Nano-sized semiconductor crystals
have hundreds of applications.
How do you turn it into a business?
What is a business plan?
Why fight the laws of physics when you can just
do something simple and make crazy money!
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 15

16. Side Note
Ronco stuff was selling like crazy
since the ’60’s.
In the early ’80s they could not
sell their “CleanAire Machines”,
competitors entered a price war and
Ronco went bankrupt.
How do you predict competition so strong that
it drives you to bankruptcy?
Seriously, if you “invented” an inside-the-egg-mixer,
how would you sell it?
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 16

17. The Business Plan
The Basic Balance equation
n(r,t)d3r = expected number of particles in d3r about r at time t.
ψ(r,t) = vn(r,t) = the angular flux of particles where v is the velocity
s(r,t)d3r = the source term
CV
vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r = the absorption term
CV
vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r = the net leakage term
4π CV
Requiring that the surface be non-reentrant and rewriting
as rate of change = gains – losses
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 17

18. Since we want this to be related to a company that produces their own
cash flow instead of relying on a fixed “source”, we add an additional Source
term as a fission source, so
dn(r,t) sfixed(r,t)d3r + vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r
dt = CV 4π CV
CV CV
Gain from Gain from Loss due Loss due
Fixed source Fission source to absorption to leakage
Difficult to solve, right?
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 18

19. Now assume
n(r,t)d3r = expected cash in d3r about r at time t.
dn(r,t) sfixed(r,t)d3r + vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r
dt = CV 4π CV
CV CV
Loss due
Gain from Loss due
Gain from to leakage
Fixed source to absorption
Fission source -Legal bills
-Grants -Salaries
- Product sales -Government compliance
-Investors -Equipment
- Royalties -Rent
-Other outside -Cost of goods
-Supplies
sources -Utilities
-Patent costs
-Competition
-Travel, etc….
Difficult to solve, right?
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 19

20. dn(r,t) sfixed(r,t)d3r + vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r
dt = CV 4π CV
CV CV
In reality, you can only solve the Boltzmann equation for
idealized situations OR make assumptions and approximate.
In business, the solution is presented as your “business plan” and
it is also filled with assumptions in order to approximate things
Typical Assumptions:
- fixed source of cash to start up
- estimated expenses
- estimated time required to sell first product
- assumed “control volume” determining target market
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 20

21. Example
Control volume
Reflective Boundary
Vacuum Boundary
C
L
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 21

22. Solving the Boltzmann Transport Equation
Reflective Boundary
Vacuum Boundary
Particle Flux
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 22

23. Solving the Boltzmann $ Equation
Reflective Boundary
Vacuum Boundary
$ Flux
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 23

24. Now suppose the global economy collapses and it completely
changes your boundary conditions
Reflective Boundary
Vacuum Boundary
Vacuum Boundary
Vacuum Boundary
$ Flux
You must seek a new solution to the balance equation!
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 24

25. Notes
You can be super-critical (sources>>losses) as a one-person
company generating only royalty-based revenue.
You can be a massive company that is subcritical even with
brisk sales and high margins (good profit on each sale).
You can be just critical – not for profit
You need to define the mission of the company, what type
of company are you going to be?
Typically the Board of Directors makes this decision.
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 25

26. Let’s look at some real life solutions for the B$E!
The Story of
as told by Clint Ballinger
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 26

27. Law firm, pizza parlor, Lockheed Martin, GE,
Operational State agency, insurance company, teaching, etc…
Characteristics
Clear cause and effect
Simple Repeat patterns Most companies
Expert diagnosis required
Complicated
Cause and effect is discoverable
No right answer
Complex Many competing ideas
Need for creativity and innovation
Highly turbulent
Chaotic Almost nothing known You are uniquely qualified to
High tension
operate under these conditions
The people you start with often do not have the skills needed to grow
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 27

28. dn(r,t) sfixed(r,t)d3r + vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r
dt = CV 4π CV
CV CV
“The purpose of business is to create and keep a customer.”
- Peter Drucker
This will help ensure that gains > losses!
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 28

29. The road to products
Stage 1 - Scoping: A quick assessment of the technical feasibility, quick IP search, and market prospects
Stage 2 - Build Business Case: Marketing and business feasibility, preliminary product definition, demonstration units to show
customers for product feedback, perform a detailed IP search and file IP
Stage 3 - Development: Business case translated into concrete deliverables, specs developed with customers, manufacturing and
marketing/sales strategy developed
Stage 4 - Testing and Validation: customer acceptance required, final specs developed, longevity tested, shelf life, and
government approvals for the product.
Stage 5 - Launch: sales strategy executed, price, cost of goods, full production and commercial launch.
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 29

30. The road to products
Stage 1 - Scoping: A quick assessment of the technical feasibility, quick IP search, and market prospects
Stage 2 - Build Business Case: Marketing and business feasibility, preliminary product definition, demonstration units to show
Fun
customers for product feedback, perform a detailed IP search and file IP
Stage 3 - Development: Business case translated into concrete deliverables, specs developed with customers, manufacturing and
marketing/sales strategy developed
Stage 4 - Testing and Validation: customer acceptance required, final specs developed, longevity tested, shelf life, and
government approvals for the product.
Stage 5 - Launch: sales strategy executed, price, cost of goods, full production and commercial launch.
Not Fun
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 30

31. sfixed(r,t)d3r Investor cash
More typical
in 2000 now
CV
+ vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r Product sales
CV
vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r Ramp up # of employees, costs, etc..
CV
Legal bills
vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r Utilities
Patent costs
Government stuff Who knows!!!
4π CV
Etc…
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 31

32. Definitions
Disruptive technologies – an innovation that helps create a
new market.
Displacement technologies – an innovation that is an
improvement to an existing technology.
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 32

33. Control Volume Phase Space
Market Size
2000 – all optical switching market
(our initial control volume)
Large market, disruptive
technology, complex product
Complexity
e
tiv
up
sr
Di
We raised >$1M for this business plan,
then the boundary conditions changed!!!
In late 2000 – early 2001 the telecom market
died, and has still yet to return.
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 33

34. Products vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r
Launched in 2002
Requirements:
- fixed specifications
- MSDS
- pricing, advertising, How-to-use
- certified shipping personnel
- batch sheets/manufacturing schedule
- educated sales staff
- web site/order processing
Target Market – researchers
Class – Disruptive technology
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 34

35. Products vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r
Launched in 2003
Bioreagent Product
Requirements:
- fixed specifications
- MSDS
- pricing, advertising, How-to-use
- certified shipping personnel
- batch sheets/manufacturing schedule
- educated sales staff
- web site/order processing
Target Market – researchers
Class – Displacement technology
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 35

36. Control Volume Phase Space
Market Size
2001 – 2006
Telecom Control Volume
Bio
Reagents
ive
Nano Complexity
t
up
materials
sr
Di
We raised >$4M for this business plan
Nano materials and bio-reagent sales >1M/yr (2006)
1st company to sell quantum dots (launch ‘02)
1st company to sell bio reagents based on quantum dots (launch ‘03)
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 36

37. sfixed(r,t)d3r Mid- 2006
CV
>$13MM
Investors liked what we were doing
and we raised another $13MM!!!!
Caution: with new investors comes new expectations!!!
We could not remain a company with sluggish sales to
researchers, we had to produce more (increase the power/flux)
----- We had done prelim work on LEDs and Night Vision -----
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 37

38. Products vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r
Launched in 2007
Requirements:
- fixed specifications
- Chinese manufacturing
- RoHS certified
- pricing, advertising
- overseas QC
- educated sales staff
- web site/order processing
- market surveys
Target Market – product designers
Class – Displacement technology
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 38

39. Products vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r
Launched in 2007
Requirements:
- fixed specifications
- Chinese manufacturing
- RoHS certified
- pricing, advertising
- overseas QC
- educated sales staff
- web site/order processing
- UL approval
Target Market – Holiday lighting customers
Class – Displacement technology
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 39

40. Funny side story:
Increased Leakage Term due to counterfeit goods being
sold at the local Christmas Tree Shop!!
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 40

41. Products vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r
Launched in 2007
Requirements:
- fixed specifications
- pricing, advertising
- compliance with US rules
- educated sales staff
- web site/order processing
Target Market – US Military (ground troops)
Class – Disruptive technology
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 41

42. Control Volume Phase Space
Market Size
L
E 2007
D
Bio Control Volume
Reagents
ive
Nano Complexity
t
up
materials Military
sr
Di
Two new products added:
- LEDs which get to never-before-seen-colors
- Military night vision applications which were brand new
and developed with the Joint Forces Command
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 42

43. 2007 Boltzmann Equation
We expanded our control volume to increase sales and were
poised to bask in the afterglow of new revenue
dn(r,t) sfixed(r,t)d3r + vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r
dt = CV 4π CV
CV CV
45 employees
>$23MM National sales force
Facilities in Maine
+ Troy
Chinese manufacturing
A Gathering Storm
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 43

44. International Market Crash
10/07 – peak troops
50
Election year/change in Iraq
45
Invitrogen Suit
40
35 My weight Outside
Sales
s
200lbs RIF
ee
30 oy
Maine
Closed
pl
$27M
25
em
Chapter 11
of
20 $0.20 May 16, 08
#
15
$12M
10 $0.08 163 lbs
5 # of 5 to date
patents
0 $0.03 DARPA
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Biotech Products launch Small business
man of the yr
Good times!
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 44

45. Outside forces changed the boundary conditions dramatically
dn(r,t) sfixed(r,t)d3r + vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r
dt = CV 4π CV
CV CV
Investor attitude changed – they did not want to hear about
complex, disruptive, huge market applications!!
To get the necessary funding required to balance the equation
wholesale changes in the business plan were required.
Pre-2000 Post-2000
vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r Less funding
sfixed(r,t)d3r >> sfixed(r,t)d3r means you could not
CV
support a business plan
CV CV
with disruptive products
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 45

46. dn(r,t) sfixed(r,t)d3r + vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r
dt = CV 4π CV
CV CV
Product development, internal expenditures – within your control
Investor attitude, outside forces – outside of your control
Which would you rather be?
Horseshoe crabs have survived unchanged for a long, long time
Fruit flies have the ability to adapt quickly
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 46

47. Surprise!
$1.5MM legal expenses for patent infringement
vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r
4π CV As a recipient of Fed Grant money, we now must
be an affirmative action company
Loss due
to leakage As a corporation, you are required
-Legal bills to comply with State and Fed
-Government compliance labor laws (even if you don’t know them)
-Rent
-Supplies RoHS restrictions when into effect in the EU
-Utilities
-Patent costs Tellurium prices tied to China
-Competition Price competition/technology competition
-Manufacturing costs
-Counterfeiting Inflation, gas prices and global economy changes things
-Travel, etc…. Knock-offs of our first LED light strands hit the local
stores before our real products
Hard to plan for these, so you must be adaptive!
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 47

48. Post 2010 Evident Technologies
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 48

49. Technology Roadmap
Level #4
Self-assembly and
Macro structures
Level #3
Solid matrix interfaces
Deposition methods
Level #2
Surface Printed Semiconductors
Chemistry
Level #1
Nanomaterial Level 4
Synthesis
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 49

50. Since 2000 we have been progressing Stage #4
on our roadmap Self-assembly and
Macro structures
60+ patents/pending Stage #3
Solid matrix interfaces
Deposition methods
Stage #2 Printed
Surface Semiconductors
Chemistry Applied to thermoelectrics
Stage #1
Nanomaterial
Synthesis
Increasing Complexity
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 50

51. The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of
temperature differences to electric voltage and vice-versa.
Current thermoelectric materials SUCK!
They have sucked for decades although
they have been heavily studied.
Through the magic of nanotechnogy, we intend to make
thermoelectrics a household name!
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 51

52. Applications
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 52

53. Simple
Complicated Where we
Complex are now
Chaotic
sfixed(r,t)d3r Cash from selling patents
Going off
to raise more
Plus DARPA $
CV
1.5- 2 yrs away
+ vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d r 3
Product sales
CV
Ramp up # of employees, costs, etc..
vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r
CV
Legal bills
vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r Utilities
Patent costs
Government stuff Who knows!!!
4π CV
Etc…
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 53

54. What are
thermoelectric Conductor
materials?
Semiconductor
Insulator
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 54

55. Conductor
HEAT
Semiconductor
HEAT Net drift of electrons
Insulator Discovered in the 1800’s
Seebeck and Peltier
HEAT
TE performance has not changed for over 50 years
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 55

56. Our advantage-
Quantum dots are predicted to give the highest performance TE material,
if they are controlled and assembled correctly.
Evident Technologies has the more experience with quantum dot materials
and products that any other company in the world.
Improved TE
Quantum Dot performance!!
HEAT e- Material System
for TE
Thermal conductivity is very
low, compared to bulk
S σT 2
Used to
ZT = rate the
κ
material
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 56

57. “The purpose of business is to create and keep a customer.”
- Peter Drucker
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 57

58. Substantial market potential IF the performance can be increased!
projection of material sales for waste projection of material sales for
heat recover and power generation* TE heating/cooling market*
$5B market projection for waste heat and power gen with a ZT = 2
$3B market projection for cooling/heating with ZT = 2
*Lon Bell, “Addressing the Challenges of Commercializing New Thermoelectric Materials,” Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 38, No. 7, 2009
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 58

59. Ours works because the ligands are volatile and inorganic!!!!
NOW! THEN!
Dots without Dots in an
organics in between organic matrix
of residual ligands
We can make very precise dots
We can make them without organic ligands
We can develop a super-lattice structure for macro-scale TE pillars
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 59

60. Theories abound regarding
Seebeck traditionally -Optimal material properties tied to
thought as an unchanging decreasing density of states
material property -Ballistic electron transport/electron filtering
-Reconstituted materials with lots of grains
S σT 2
ZT =
κ Electrical and thermal
conductivity are
inherently coupled
We can partially de-couple thermal and electrical
conductivity
Our Technology We can reduce the thermal conductivity
Changes Things. We may be able to change Seebeck while
maintaining carrier concentration
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 60

61. Nanostructures create new physics in the thermoelectric material
S can increased by a factor of 3,
using our technology
S σT 2
ZT =
κ
Data Courtesy of Dmitri Talapin
University of Chicago
κ can be decreased
by a factor of 2-10
How far can we take this?
References:
1. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Chen, M. Y. Tang, R. G. Yang, H. Lee, D. Z. Wang, Z. F. Ren, J. P.
Fleurial, P. Gogna. Advanced Materials, vol. 19, p. 1043, 2007.
2. L. D. Hicks and M. S. Dresselhaus. Physical Review B, vol. 47, p. 12727, 1993.
3. Robert Y. Wang, Joseph P. Feser, Jong-Soo Lee, Dmitri V. Talapin, Rachel Segalman, and Arun Majumdar
Nano Lett., 2008, 8 (8), 2283-2288
4. T. E. Humphrey and H. Linke. Physical Review Letters, vol. 94, p. 096601. 2005.
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 61

62. BiS Synthesis
Bismuth Acetate
Bi(C2H3O2)3
Rods or dots possible
H Acetate
O
Hydrazine Oleic Acid
S
C
Bi
sulfur oleylamine
Sb CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)8NH2
Te Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 62

63. Fun fact:
Each strand of hair on your head has grown
approx 17,400nm since I started talking!
??
Sometimes science is not pretty.
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 63

64. SbTe Synthesis
Sb2Te7
SbTe3
SbTe5
Hydrazine
Bulk Powder of SbTe
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 64

65. BiS layer toluene
Ligand and
Ionic
Exchange
Bismuth Acetate
Bi(C2H3O2)3
sulfur oleylamine
Oleic Acid
Acetate
SbTe layer
Sinks
SbTe3
SbTe5
Hydrazine
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 65

66. Ionic Exchange
Sb2S3
Bi2S3 Hydrazine
Oleic Acid Hydrazine
Hydrazine
O
Hydrazine SbTe5
S
C SbTe3
Bismuth Acetate
Bi(C2H3O2)3
Bi
Sb2S3
Sb
Hydrazine Bi2Sb2Te7
Te Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 66

67. After our cleaning process
Hydrazine
Final Ink
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 67

68. Consolidated material
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 68

69. Early Results
25-couplesThermoelectric
Micro-cooler using Inorganic
We have seen steady Colloidal Nanocrystal p-type
improvement on ZT over material
the last several months
and expect it to continue
Each sample is different since we incorporate process improvements as part of our continuing research
Focus Today
Improve stoichiometry control
Reduce contaminants
Determine optimal consolidation techniques
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 69

70. CV – thermoelectric applications (cooling market first)
dn(r,t) sfixed(r,t)d3r + vνΣf(r)n(r,t) d3r vΣa(r)n(r,t) d3r vΩ n(r,t) dΩd3r
dt = CV 4π CV
CV CV
Grant money
Residual cash 10 person staff
Materials sales Adding 2 more
Expected when Cheap rent
ZT>1.2 (1.5 yrs)
Nearly uncontested space
Legal bills in check
Government regs favorable
Currently gains = losses
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 70

71. Our goal is to keep improving the material
until we have a commercial product.
Then we improve the material further to
change the world with our technology!!!!
Then we tell our grandchildren how we took
an idea and made great things happen.
Then we die and are buried but when we
turn to fossil fuel nobody will dig us out of
the ground because one of you in the room
will invent something that will eliminate
the need to fossil fuels,.
- FIN
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 71

72. If a man hasn't discovered something
he will die for, he isn't fit to live.
- Martin Luther King
Transitioning Quantum Dot Technology into Commercially Viable Products 72

73. Thank you
For more information
Visit us at www.evidenttech.com or
Call us at 518.273.6266