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The document provides background information on the First and Second Anglo-Boer Wars between the British and the Boers in South Africa. It discusses key figures on both sides, including Paul Kruger and Cecil Rhodes. It outlines the political situation preceding each war and highlights some major battles, such as Majuba Hill and Spion Kop. It also describes the aftermath of the wars, including Boer guerrilla warfare, the British use of scorched earth tactics, and the high death toll in British-run concentration camps.
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Boer Wars (historical context presentation) By Austin Hennings
The Boer Wars were two conflicts between the British and Dutch settlers called Boers in South Africa. The First Boer War from 1880-1881 resulted in a Boer victory that granted them independence. Tensions increased as the British population grew and gold was discovered in the Transvaal. This led to the Second Boer War from 1899-1902, where the British ultimately defeated the Boers after a long guerrilla campaign. However, over 20,000 civilians, mostly women and children, died in British concentration camps due to poor conditions. This helped spark Afrikaner nationalism and led to the apartheid system of the 20th century.
The Anglo Boer War
The document summarizes the key events of the Anglo-Boer Wars fought between the British and Dutch settlers known as Boers in South Africa between 1880-1902. It provides historical context starting from the arrival of the British in 1800. Tensions rose due to mineral discoveries in Boer territory, culminating in two wars over control of the land and its resources. The first war ended in 1881 with Boer independence but British control over foreign policy. The second was more devastating, ending in the British victory and Treaty of Vereeniging in 1902.
The Boer War
The document compares the First Boer War and the American Revolutionary War. Both wars were fought by groups seeking independence from British rule. The Boers and American colonists revolted due to British taxation and laws imposed on them without representation. Through the formation of militias and alliances with other nations, both groups were eventually able to gain independence from Britain after long wars. Today, South Africa and the United States are strong, independent nations that celebrate gaining freedom from British rule.
The Boers War
The document summarizes the Boer War between the British Empire and the Boers of the Orange Free State and Transvaal from 1899-1902. It describes the key players, early battles, new tactics like scorched earth and concentration camps, and the aftermath. The Boers were Dutch/German descendant farmers who wanted independence for their territories in South Africa, while the British wanted control over the region's gold mines. Though the Boers had early successes, they eventually surrendered after brutal guerrilla warfare and the deaths of thousands of civilians in British concentration camps.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: ALL ABOUT THE BOER WARS
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: ALL ABOUT THE BOER WARS. It contains: origins of the Boer Wars, the Great Trek, Transvaal and Orange Free State, the Confederation of South African States, the First Boer War, the Second Boer War.
Boer
This document discusses the First and Second Anglo-Boer Wars between the British and the Boers in South Africa. It provides background on the Boers, who were Dutch, German, and French settlers in South Africa. It then summarizes the political situation leading up to each war, key battles like Majuba Hill and Spion Kop, and the aftermath of each war including casualty figures. The Second Boer War was more devastating and led to the British using scorched earth tactics and interning Boer civilians in concentration camps where thousands died.
The boer war and diamonds
The document summarizes the history of diamond discovery and mining in South Africa. It describes how diamonds were discovered in 1867, sparking massive immigration from Britain and economic growth. Tensions arose between British settlers and Boers over mining rights, culminating in the Boer Wars from 1899-1902. The largest diamond ever found, the Cullinan diamond, was unearthed in South Africa in 1905 and later cut into pieces that became part of the British crown jewels.
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The document summarizes key events and participants in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. It describes early battles such as Lexington and Concord, which marked the beginning of the war, as well as major battles like Bunker Hill, Saratoga, and Yorktown. It also discusses the roles of women, African Americans, and Native Americans in the conflict. Finally, it notes that the war ended in 1783 with the Treaty of Paris, in which Britain recognized American independence.
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Boer Wars (historical context presentation) By Austin Hennings
The Boer Wars were two conflicts between the British and Dutch settlers called Boers in South Africa. The First Boer War from 1880-1881 resulted in a Boer victory that granted them independence. Tensions increased as the British population grew and gold was discovered in the Transvaal. This led to the Second Boer War from 1899-1902, where the British ultimately defeated the Boers after a long guerrilla campaign. However, over 20,000 civilians, mostly women and children, died in British concentration camps due to poor conditions. This helped spark Afrikaner nationalism and led to the apartheid system of the 20th century.
The Anglo Boer War
The document summarizes the key events of the Anglo-Boer Wars fought between the British and Dutch settlers known as Boers in South Africa between 1880-1902. It provides historical context starting from the arrival of the British in 1800. Tensions rose due to mineral discoveries in Boer territory, culminating in two wars over control of the land and its resources. The first war ended in 1881 with Boer independence but British control over foreign policy. The second was more devastating, ending in the British victory and Treaty of Vereeniging in 1902.
The Boer War
The document compares the First Boer War and the American Revolutionary War. Both wars were fought by groups seeking independence from British rule. The Boers and American colonists revolted due to British taxation and laws imposed on them without representation. Through the formation of militias and alliances with other nations, both groups were eventually able to gain independence from Britain after long wars. Today, South Africa and the United States are strong, independent nations that celebrate gaining freedom from British rule.
The Boers War
The document summarizes the Boer War between the British Empire and the Boers of the Orange Free State and Transvaal from 1899-1902. It describes the key players, early battles, new tactics like scorched earth and concentration camps, and the aftermath. The Boers were Dutch/German descendant farmers who wanted independence for their territories in South Africa, while the British wanted control over the region's gold mines. Though the Boers had early successes, they eventually surrendered after brutal guerrilla warfare and the deaths of thousands of civilians in British concentration camps.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: ALL ABOUT THE BOER WARS
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: ALL ABOUT THE BOER WARS. It contains: origins of the Boer Wars, the Great Trek, Transvaal and Orange Free State, the Confederation of South African States, the First Boer War, the Second Boer War.
Boer
This document discusses the First and Second Anglo-Boer Wars between the British and the Boers in South Africa. It provides background on the Boers, who were Dutch, German, and French settlers in South Africa. It then summarizes the political situation leading up to each war, key battles like Majuba Hill and Spion Kop, and the aftermath of each war including casualty figures. The Second Boer War was more devastating and led to the British using scorched earth tactics and interning Boer civilians in concentration camps where thousands died.
The boer war and diamonds
The document summarizes the history of diamond discovery and mining in South Africa. It describes how diamonds were discovered in 1867, sparking massive immigration from Britain and economic growth. Tensions arose between British settlers and Boers over mining rights, culminating in the Boer Wars from 1899-1902. The largest diamond ever found, the Cullinan diamond, was unearthed in South Africa in 1905 and later cut into pieces that became part of the British crown jewels.
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The document summarizes key events and participants in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. It describes early battles such as Lexington and Concord, which marked the beginning of the war, as well as major battles like Bunker Hill, Saratoga, and Yorktown. It also discusses the roles of women, African Americans, and Native Americans in the conflict. Finally, it notes that the war ended in 1783 with the Treaty of Paris, in which Britain recognized American independence.
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The Second Continental Congress formed and wrote the Olive Branch Petition to King George III asking for English rights, but the king did not read it and instead ordered more troops to America. In response, the British Parliament passed the Prohibitory Act cutting off trade with the colonies. Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys captured Fort Ticonderoga without firing a shot, as did Benedict Arnold. The Americans and British fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill, with the Americans eventually retreating after running out of ammunition. Later, Colonel Henry Knox brought cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to Dorchester Heights outside Boston, giving the Americans control and forcing the British to evacuate the city.
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The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775 in Charlestown, Massachusetts. The British forces of 2,400 soldiers led by Generals Howe and Gage attacked 1,500 American colonial troops led by Generals Ward, Putnam, and Warren, who were stationed on Breed's Hill. After two failed attacks that resulted in heavy British casualties, the British launched a third strike once they realized the colonial forces were out of ammunition, forcing the colonists to finally retreat. Though the British gained control of the area, it came at a high cost of 1,150 British soldiers killed or wounded compared to 450 colonial casualties.
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The Second Boer War Revision Notes, this is a powerpoint of notes that helped me memorize things about the Second Boer War 1899-1901. It outlines the specific battles and events such as Black Week. I printed these power points off and used them as flashcards. I hope it helps.
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During World War 2, Ireland declared neutrality. Taoiseach Eamon de Valera argued this was necessary due to the ongoing partition of Ireland and the hostility many still felt towards Britain. The emergency powers act gave the government control to maintain safety. While neutrality helped Ireland avoid direct war impacts, it came at an economic cost through trade limitations and isolation from postwar support. Overall, neutrality was a popular policy that protected Ireland's independence despite challenges.
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Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 was an early instance of colonial defiance of authority. The Navigation Acts restricted colonial trade and empowered British officials to search colonists' homes. The French and Indian War led to new taxes like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, angering colonists and leading to boycotts. The Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts further increased tensions, culminating in the battles of Lexington and Concord which began the Revolutionary War. The Second Continental Congress established the Continental Army under George Washington and issued the Olive Branch Petition, while Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" advocated independence in 1776, which was declared that same year.
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The document provides background information on the French and Indian War between France and Britain for control over North America. It discusses:
1) How the French and British recruited Native American allies by adopting different strategies - the French integrated with tribes while the British destroyed Native American lands.
2) The military strategies employed by each side, with the British aiming to take Quebec and the French defending Quebec and attacking colonial settlements.
3) Key events and outcomes of the war, including the British eventually claiming victory after several losses and gaining French territories in North America per the 1763 Treaty of Paris, reshaping the colonial landscape.
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French and indian
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This document summarizes the events leading up to the Second Anglo-Boer War in South Africa from 1899-1902. It describes how Alfred Milner, the British High Commissioner for Southern Africa, increased tensions with the Boer republics by making unrealistic demands during failed peace negotiations. When the Boers did not meet Milner's demands, Britain prepared its armed forces for war. On October 9, 1899, the Boers issued Britain an ultimatum, and when it was not met, the Second Anglo-Boer War began.
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ccs khughes ch 6 sec 1
The Second Continental Congress formed and wrote the Olive Branch Petition to King George III asking for English rights, but the king did not read it and instead ordered more troops to America. In response, the British Parliament passed the Prohibitory Act cutting off trade with the colonies. Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys captured Fort Ticonderoga without firing a shot, as did Benedict Arnold. The Americans and British fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill, with the Americans eventually retreating after running out of ammunition. Later, Colonel Henry Knox brought cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to Dorchester Heights outside Boston, giving the Americans control and forcing the British to evacuate the city.
Standard 16
After World War 1, the US experienced a period of economic instability and labor unrest which led to a period of intense fear and paranoia known as the Red Scare. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer cracked down on suspected communists, detaining and deporting thousands. Immigration policies became more restrictive through laws like the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and the National Origins Act of 1924 amid nativist sentiment. The 1920s also saw cultural flourishing, especially through new forms like jazz, which developed out of African American traditions and spread nationwide through radio and movies.
The Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775 on the Charlestown peninsula as the first official battle of the Revolutionary War, where rebel Israel Putnam famously told his men not to fire until they saw the whites of the British eyes. Though the British suffered heavier casualties, they were ultimately victorious over the colonists who ran out of ammunition and resorted to throwing rocks and glass during the intense battle led by British General William Howe from June 16-17, 1775.
Ireland during World War II
During World War 2, Ireland declared neutrality and took measures to avoid invasion or involvement in the war. This included increasing defense forces, implementing censorship, and cooperating with Britain on certain security issues. The economy suffered from shortages of supplies and inflation as Ireland struggled to maintain neutrality between the Allied and Axis powers. Neutrality strengthened Ireland's independence but reinforced the political partition with Northern Ireland.
Standard 15
The USA entered WWI in 1917 for several reasons: German unrestricted submarine warfare sank American merchant ships and violated free trade; the Zimmerman Telegram proposed a German alliance with Mexico against the US; and President Wilson hoped to make the world safe for democracy. When the US joined the Allies, it provided troops and supplies that helped tip the balance in their favor. The war had significant impacts on the US such as women entering the workforce, the passage of women's suffrage and prohibition, and the Great Migration of African Americans to northern cities. The Treaty of Versailles after WWI was harsh on Germany and contributed to the start of WWII.
The seven years war
The document discusses the Seven Years War between the French and English in North America from 1754-1763. It describes how the conflict began over territorial disputes in the Ohio Valley and General Braddock's defeat against the French and Native Americans in 1755. Though the early years of the war went poorly for the British, new Prime Minister William Pitt strengthened Britain's efforts starting in 1757. The British went on to capture key French forts and cities like Quebec and Montreal, defeating the French navy and taking Caribbean colonies to end France's empire in North America by 1763.
Seven years war power point
The document summarizes the events leading up to and during the Seven Years' War between France and England for control over territories in North America. It discusses the territorial disputes between the two powers in the Americas, various battles and military campaigns that took place, and the outcome of the war which resulted in French defeat and the ceding of New France to British control under the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The new British rulers faced challenges in governing the French Catholic population in Quebec and dealing with indigenous nations in the aftermath of the war.
Imperialism
Imperialism allowed European powers to conquer foreign lands and control their resources for economic, political, and cultural reasons. Advances in technology like steamships, railroads, canals, weaponry, and communication gave Europeans military and logistical advantages over other regions. Between the late 1800s-early 1900s, Europeans colonized most of Asia, Africa, Oceania, and parts of North and South America. The consequences of imperialism included fostering economic dependence, large-scale migration, conflicts with indigenous groups, the rise of scientific racism, and challenges to colonial rule.
Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775 in Charlestown, Massachusetts. The British forces of 2,400 soldiers led by Generals Howe and Gage attacked 1,500 American colonial troops led by Generals Ward, Putnam, and Warren, who were stationed on Breed's Hill. After two failed attacks that resulted in heavy British casualties, the British launched a third strike once they realized the colonial forces were out of ammunition, forcing the colonists to finally retreat. Though the British gained control of the area, it came at a high cost of 1,150 British soldiers killed or wounded compared to 450 colonial casualties.
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War was a conflict between France and Britain for control of North America in the 18th century. France and Britain both claimed land in the Ohio Valley, leading to clashes between their forces. The war expanded into a global conflict known as the Seven Years' War. Key battles included the British defeat at Fort Duquesne in 1754 and their victory at Quebec in 1759. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 ended the war, ceding French North American territories to Britain. This shifted the balance of power in North America and had long-term effects on British-colonial relations.
The Second Boer War Revision Notes
The Second Boer War Revision Notes, this is a powerpoint of notes that helped me memorize things about the Second Boer War 1899-1901. It outlines the specific battles and events such as Black Week. I printed these power points off and used them as flashcards. I hope it helps.
The Emergency: Ireland during World War II
During World War 2, Ireland declared neutrality. Taoiseach Eamon de Valera argued this was necessary due to the ongoing partition of Ireland and the hostility many still felt towards Britain. The emergency powers act gave the government control to maintain safety. While neutrality helped Ireland avoid direct war impacts, it came at an economic cost through trade limitations and isolation from postwar support. Overall, neutrality was a popular policy that protected Ireland's independence despite challenges.
Apprentice boys of Derry
The document discusses the history of the Apprentice Boys of Derry, a Protestant organization that commemorates the 1689 Siege of Derry. It describes how in 1688, Protestants fled to Derry to escape Catholic King James II. In 1689, when the governor wished to surrender Derry, 13 apprentice boys closed the gates, starting a 105-day siege. The apprentice boys' parades in Derry became controversial and helped spark The Battle of Bogside in 1969, marking the start of The Troubles. The parades were then banned but restrictions were later lifted.
Pre-Revolutionary Timeline - Period 4
Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 was an early instance of colonial defiance of authority. The Navigation Acts restricted colonial trade and empowered British officials to search colonists' homes. The French and Indian War led to new taxes like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, angering colonists and leading to boycotts. The Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts further increased tensions, culminating in the battles of Lexington and Concord which began the Revolutionary War. The Second Continental Congress established the Continental Army under George Washington and issued the Olive Branch Petition, while Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" advocated independence in 1776, which was declared that same year.
Pre-Revolution Timeline - Period 1
Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 was an early instance of colonial defiance of authority. The Navigation Acts and other laws enforced by the Board of Trade and writs of assistance led to growing tensions between Britain and its colonies over taxation and trade. The French and Indian War resulted in new lands for Britain but also the Proclamation of 1763, angering colonists. A series of taxation acts, along with events like the Boston Massacre and Tea Party, prompted the First and Second Continental Congresses and battles at Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill, moving the colonies towards open conflict and a declaration of independence.
Unit 1 Road to Conflict
The French and Indian War set the stage for conflict between Britain and its American colonies. The war began in 1754 over land in western Pennsylvania between the French and British, and eventually involved fighting in both North America and Europe. Britain emerged victorious in 1763, gaining control of French territory in North America. However, this victory led to tensions as Britain issued the Proclamation of 1763 to prevent colonial expansion westward and passed new taxes to pay off war debts, including the Sugar Act. The proclamation and taxes angered the colonists and protests began, setting the stage for the American Revolution.
Bunker Hill And Breed’S Hill
The Patriots fortified Breed's Hill overnight by digging trenches. With little gunpowder and training, they had to make every shot count against the British forces at the Battle of Bunker Hill the next day. Although the British were victorious on their third assault by overrunning the revolutionary defenses, they suffered over 1,000 casualties. The battle demonstrated the Americans' willingness to engage the British in direct combat.
The fFench and Indian War
The document provides background information on the French and Indian War between France and Britain for control over North America. It discusses:
1) How the French and British recruited Native American allies by adopting different strategies - the French integrated with tribes while the British destroyed Native American lands.
2) The military strategies employed by each side, with the British aiming to take Quebec and the French defending Quebec and attacking colonial settlements.
3) Key events and outcomes of the war, including the British eventually claiming victory after several losses and gaining French territories in North America per the 1763 Treaty of Paris, reshaping the colonial landscape.
Ch 6 sec 1
The document summarizes key events during the lead up to American independence, including the Second Continental Congress forming an army under George Washington, the British passing the Prohibitory Act to cut off trade, and Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys capturing Fort Ticonderoga without firing a shot. It also discusses the Battles of Bunker Hill where the British attacked three times before the Americans ran out of ammunition and retreated, after which Britain hired Hessian mercenaries to aid their war effort. Finally, it mentions Henry Knox hauling cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to use against the British in Boston, forcing their retreat from the city.
French and indian
The French and Indian War began as tensions rose between France and Britain over control of the Ohio River Valley in the 1750s. George Washington was sent to defend Fort Duquesne but was forced to surrender after his makeshift fort at Fort Necessity was attacked. While the French and Indian allies initially had success, Britain gained the upper hand after their victory at the Battle of Quebec in 1759. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which ceded French North American territories to Britain.
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Revolt of 1857
The document summarizes the key events and causes of the 1857 Indian rebellion against the British East India Company. It describes how the rebellion began with Indian soldiers refusing to use new cartridges due to religious reasons. This led to their arrest and sparked further unrest. The rebellion then spread to several major cities, with leaders like Nana Sahib and the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II supporting the rebels. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, inferior resources compared to the British, and other native princes not joining. The British regained control of major cities by July 1858, crushing the rebellion.
Diamonds Gold & War4
- The Second Anglo-Boer War broke out in 1899 between Britain and the Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State in South Africa over British control of the region.
- Several early battles resulted in British defeats at the hands of Boer forces, including Talana Hill, Elandslaagte, and Ladysmith, forcing British troops into retreat.
- Later battles including Graspan, Magersfontein, and Modder River also resulted in British losses against entrenched Boer troops, highlighting early military failures by British commanders.
Lecture 05 causes & effects of war of independence 1857
Lecture 05 causes & effects of war of independence 1857Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
The document summarizes the causes and events of the War of Independence of 1857 in India against British rule. It discusses how the British East India Company gradually expanded control over the Indian subcontinent from the early 1600s through a series of battles and annexing territories. Tensions rose due to the British doctrines of lapse and annexing states, economic exploitation, and interference in religious affairs. The war began with Indian soldier mutinies in Meerut and Delhi in May 1857 and spread to major uprisings in Kanpur, Jhansi, and Lucknow led by Nana Sahib, Rani Laxmibai, and Begum Hazrat Mahal. While the rebels made initial gains, lack of unity andGeneral de la Rey
General Jacobus Koos De la Rey was one of the bravest generals of the Anglo Boer War. He fought in many battles including the first shots fired at Kraaipan. As a guerrilla leader, he conducted a highly successful mobile campaign against the British for two years, winning several important battles. He reluctantly agreed to end the war by signing the Treaty of Vereeniging in 1902. De la Rey was later assassinated in 1914 for opposing South Africa's involvement in World War 1. He is honored as a hero in South Africa.
Start of wwii
The document summarizes key events from the start of WWII through the end of the war. It describes Germany's quick invasion of Poland in 1939 and subsequent invasion of Western European countries in 1940. Britain fought off the German air force in the Battle of Britain. Germany bombed British cities but failed to force a surrender. The US joined the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. The US fought Japan in the Pacific, eventually dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, leading to Japan's surrender and the end of WWII.
Japan in WWII
The document provides details on areas controlled by Japan during WWII as well as areas attacked but not conquered. It lists the specific dates that various regions in Asia and the Pacific fell under Japanese control. It also provides background information on Japan in the 1920s-30s and key events leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, including the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, incidents in China, and Japan's alliance with Germany and Italy.
Why Did Japan Attack the Pearl Harbor.pdf
https://historyandwar.org/2021/12/05/pacific-war-2-attack-on-pearl-harbor/
https://historyandwar.org/2022/12/07/why-did-japan-attack-pearl-harbor/
While this was understood only by a few people, by 1941. Japan and the United States had been on a collision course for a whole decade. Slide towards the conflict started arguably in 1902., with the signing of the Anglo-Japanese alliance between the Great Britain and Japan. But that the two countries were on a collision course only became clear in 1931., when Japan conquered Manchuria. In 1937., Japan also invaded northern China, and two years later its attention turned southwards with the conquest of island of Hainan. After it, Japan turned its attention onto Malaya, Phillipines and the Dutch East Indies. United States, by contrast, were supporting the Japan-hostile government of Chang Kai Shek, and also European colonial efforts in Asia. This was happening right at the time when Japan was repeating the parole of “Asia to Asians”. Japanese kept talking about the great eastern sphere of common progress, while they were in fact searching for the natural resources their islands did not have.
Fall of France in June 1940. gave Japan a good excuse to send troops to French Indochina, and on 27th September it signed a Tripartite Pact with the Axis powers. As US sympathies were clearly with the Allies, President Roosevelt introduced an embargo on all key materials except for oil. Japanese called this confrontation of two powers Taihei-yono-go: “Cancer of the Pacific”. Attempting to find a diplomatic solution, Japanese government recalled a retired admiral Kichisaburo Nomura, assigning him as a Japanese ambassador to United States in January 1941. But plans were already being made for war, and the US sanctions only increased Japanese determination to fight. US ambassador to Japan, Joseph Grew, correctly predicted that Japan will “rather carry out a national harakiri than bow under foreign pressure”.
While United States government wanted to avoid war so as to have free hands to help Allies in Europe, it was clear the war was unavoidable due to actions of both sides. And Japan was heading for war. Thus, US government decided to adopt “wait-and-see” approach, avoiding any kind of preemtive strike so as to reveal the Japan as true aggressor.
WW1 British Experience of Warfare
The document summarizes key aspects of recruitment, conscription, life in the trenches, and technology during World War 1. It describes how initially volunteers joined the British army through recruitment schemes like Pals Battalions. Conscription was later introduced in 1916 to bolster numbers. Life in the trenches was difficult due to poor conditions, disease, and constant enemy fire. Technology improved over the war, with new weapons like tanks and chemical weapons, but the British were initially less equipped than the Germans.
Indian independence-brief
The document summarizes India's road to independence from British rule over nearly 200 years. It outlines key events such as the arrival of European powers like Portugal and Britain in the 15th-18th centuries; early rebellions against British rule in the late 18th century; the major rebellion of 1857; the rise of Indian nationalism and groups like the Indian National Congress from 1885; Gandhi's arrival and non-violent movements; and ultimately independence on August 15, 1947 and the partition that led to the formation of Pakistan. India then drafted its constitution and became a republic.
South Africa after the Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was organized by Otto von Bismarck to avoid European conflicts over colonial claims in Africa. Fourteen European nations attended and divided Africa among themselves, with France, Germany, Britain, and Portugal controlling most territories. In Southern Africa after the Conference, Britain controlled Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, while Portugal controlled Angola, Mozambique, and Namibia, and Germany controlled Namibia. This led to the Boer War between British forces and the independent Boer republics of the Orange Free State and Transvaal from 1899-1902, resulting in their absorption into the British Empire.
Japan in wwii
The document provides details on areas controlled by Japan during WWII between 1938-1945, including regions in China, French Indochina, Hong Kong, Thailand, British New Guinea, the Philippines, Guam, the Dutch East Indies, and others. It also lists areas attacked but not conquered, such as Australia, British Columbia, India, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, and the United States. The rise of Japanese militarism leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor is discussed. Key events of WWII in the Pacific theater are outlined, such as the Bataan Death March, Doolittle's Raid, the battles of Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima,
2.4 can millitary involvment_front_and_home_website
Canada automatically entered World War 1 when Britain declared war in 1914, as Canada was still a British dominion. Over 600,000 Canadian soldiers fought in battles like Ypres, the Somme, Vimy Ridge, and Passchendaele against Germany and its allies. While many non-white Canadians were not initially permitted to enlist, some segregated units were later formed. The Canadian military made significant contributions and sacrifices during World War 1 under British command, gaining more independence and developing their national identity through key victories.
After the fall of quebec
After the French surrender of Canada in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the British gained control over New France. The terms of the treaty gave Britain all of France's North American colonies except Louisiana and two small islands. This ended the wars between Britain and France for dominance in North America. The French residents of Canada, known as les Habitants or Canadiens, were allowed to keep their lands and religion under British rule as they were not seen as a threat without French military support. The British issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which made the former New France the Province of Quebec and established rules for western land expansion that angered the 13 colonies.
World war II in Northern Ireland
World War II had a significant impact on Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland played an important role in Britain's war effort by producing ships, aircrafts, linen and food. However, Belfast suffered extensive bomb damage during the Belfast Blitz of 1941, with over 900 deaths. The war economy led to a boom in Northern Ireland's industry and agriculture. After the war, Northern Ireland benefited from closer ties to Britain and the establishment of the British welfare state, while a growing economic divide opened up between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in the south.
American revolution
The document provides an overview of European settlement in North America between the 17th and 18th centuries. It summarizes that the French settled in small numbers and focused on fur trading and missionary work with Native Americans. The Spanish sought gold and silver and blended with native cultures. The English settled in larger groups, did not explore inland, and largely wiped out native cultures. It then discusses the conflicts between these European powers over control of North America, culminating in the French and Indian War, which resulted in British control over most of North America by 1763. The document next summarizes the tensions that arose between the British and colonists in the aftermath of the war, including the Proclamation of 1763, taxation acts like the Stamp Act
American Revolution Part 2
In depth look at the political causes of the American Revolution and the colonial response to British laws to bring colonists under military control.
Canada in World War I
The document provides background information on Canada's involvement in World War 1. It discusses the causes of WWI including militarism, alliances, nationalism and imperialism. It then outlines Canada's response to entering the war through passing the War Measures Act, mobilizing troops, and the impact on the economy. Finally, it discusses some of the major battles and events on land that Canadian troops engaged in, from the initial plans to the later battles like Vimy Ridge, Passchendaele and Canada's role in the final 100 days of the war.
the_united_irishmen_and_the_1798_rebellion.ppt
The document summarizes the background and causes of the 1798 Irish Rebellion led by the Society of United Irishmen, including British control of Ireland that left Catholics poor and uneducated. It discusses Wolfe Tone forming the United Irishmen to unite Catholics and Protestants to end British interference, and their goals of a rebellion and Irish republic. After the rebellion was suppressed by General Lake, it focuses on the main rebellion in Wexford and defeats of the rebels at New Ross and Vinegar Hill, concluding with 30,000 dead and further rebellions against British rule before the 1800 Act of Union.
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Boer
- 1. Koos de la Rey Paul Krüger Louis Botha
- 2. Frederick Sleigh Roberts Sir Redvers Henry Buller Cecil Rhodes
- 3. Who were the Boers ● Boer means "farmer" ● Dutch, German and French settlers ● Founded the Boer Republics - Oranje Vrijstaat - Transvaal
- 4. 1
- 5. The Boer Wars The First Anglo-Boer War - political situation - the process of war -Battle of Majuba Hill - aftermath
- 6. The First Anglo-Boer War Political situation ● 1877 partial annexation of Transvaal by Great Britain ● Boers refused to pay taxes to British administration ● Boers wanted to be independent ● December 16th 1880 Boers declared themselves as independent ● Britsh troops fired first shots to prevent a Boer riot
- 7. The process of war ● Skrimishes started ● December 20th 1880 Action at Bronkhorstspruit ● January 16th 1881 all British garrisons besieged ● January 28th British troops lost The Battle of Laigns Nek ● February 27th British troops lost The Battle of Majuba Hill
- 8. The Battle of Majuba Hill ● British troops wanted to occupy the hill - gain an overwatch position - shoot Boers from above ● Boers noticed troop movement ● Stormed Majuba Hill ● "vuur en beweeg" tactic ● White helmets were an easy target ● Many British soldiers killed by headshots
- 9. The process of war ● The British had lost the Battle of Majuba Hill ● Major-General George Pommeroy Colley K.I.A. ● Replaced by Sir Evelyn Wood ● Cease fire agreement ● March 23rd Paul Krüger signed a peace treaty
- 10. Aftermath – Boer side ● Boers won the war ● 41 casualties ● 47 wounded combatants ● Boers were good marksmen ● Used advanced dynamic tactics ● Wore no flashy helmets ● Wore khaki working clothes
- 11. Aftermath – British side ● Britsh lost the war ● 408 casualties ● 315 wounded soldiers ● British soldiers moved & fought in formations ● Used old strategies and relied on old guns ● Unknown terrain ● Wore white flashy helmets ● Wore red uniforms
- 12. The Boer Wars The second Anglo-Boer War - political situation - Cecil Rhodes - Jameson Raid - the process of war - Battle of Spion Kop - aftermath
- 13. The second Anglo-Boer War Political situation ● Cape to Cairo Railway ● Diamonds and gold discovered in Transvaal ● Paul Krüger signed a British mining agreement ● High taxes on goldwares
- 14. Cecil Rhodes ● British politician & imperialist ● Caused annexation of Bechualand ● Later Prime Minister of The Cape Colony ● Provocation of Boers ● Policy of encirclement ● Supporter of the 1895 Jameson Raid
- 15. Jameson Raid ● Leander Starr Jameson ● Overthrow the president of Transvaal ● Failed due Boer outpost ● Surrendered ● Tensioned Anglo-Boer realationship
- 16. The second Anglo-Boer War Political situation ● Import ban on explosives ● High taxes on dynamite ● Import ban on weapons ● Limitation of "Uitlander" rights
- 17. The process of war ● The British annexed countries ● The Boer Republics were encircled by the British ● British troops moved near Natal-Transvaal border ● Acts of provocation ● Boer troops were located near the borders ● Paul Krüger issued an ultimatum to the British ● After the expiriation on October 12th war started
- 19. The process of war ● Comandant-Generaal Piet Joubert was injured ● He was replaced with the 37 year old Lois Botha ● Boer troops created a defense line at river Tulga ● October 18th 1899 British reinforcements arrived ● Lieutenant General Redvers Buller arrived ● Reinforcement troops were split ● Smaller detachments secured Cape Midlands ● Main force with Buller headet towards Natal
- 21. The Battle of Spion Kop January 24th 1900 ● British troops climbed it in the morning ● Mist lifted ● Noticed they were not on the dominant crest ● Got into Boer crossfire from higher peaks ● 350 British casualties ● Nearly 1000 soldiers wounded
- 22. The process of war ● ● The British had a row of defeats Lieutenant General Redvers Buller was replaced by Field Marshall Frederick Roberts ● ● Tides turned in favor of the British March 13th Bloemfontain was captured ● Paul Krüger fled to Europe ● June 5th Pretoria was captured
- 23. The process of war ● Boer troops started guerillia warfare ● British used tactic of scorched earth ● Destruction of boer farms ● Boer women and children in concentration camps
- 25. concentration camps ● Miserable conditions ● No sanitary facilities ● Bad medical treatment ● food shortages ● Over 120.000 were interned ● 26,000 died of hunger and diseases.
- 26. Process of war ● May 31st Boer leaders signed a peace treaty ● The "bitterenders" destroyed their rifles
- 27. Aftermath British side ● 7.894 casualties ● 934 missing ● 22.828 wounded ● 13.250 died of disease ● 1 eaten by crocodile ● 86 struck by lightning
- 28. Aftermath Boer side ● 9.098 casualties ● Unknown number of wounded ● Food production basis destroyed