This document discusses the power of touch in communication and its effects. It explores how touch can communicate emotions between people and help regulate social relationships. While touch can have positive impacts like soothing stress or strengthening bonds, it also carries risks of being misinterpreted and leading to issues like sexual harassment if not applied carefully based on context. The entire experience of being touched is influenced by one's social evaluation of the person doing the touching.
What did you say? mindful interculture communication [201608 icgse]Frederick Zarndt
The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion it has taken place. George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright, co-founder of London School of Economics, and Nobel Prize in Literature (1925).
Projects are about communication, communication, and communication. B. Elenbass in "Staging a project: Are you setting your project up for success?"
What one says to compatriots in face-to-face conversation is often misunderstood; imagine the possibilities for misunderstandings with someone from halfway around the world, natively speaking another language, and living in a different culture! In such circumstances how can you be sure that your collocutor has understood you in face-to-face (hard), telephone (harder), and email (hardest) conversations? Without being fully present in the conversation -- mindfully aware -- whether it's face-to-face, by Skype or phone, or through email, successful communication is difficult, even more so for intercultural communication.
The ubiquity of English facilitates basic communication, but its use as a common language frequently disguises cultural differences. Furthermore, to say that English (or any other language) can be ambiguous, is an understatement. But regardless of language, clear communication is essential for success in any collaborative undertaking whether done by a small co-located group or by a globally dispersed team.
This tutorial teaches mindful communication and describes frameworks useful in understanding cultural differences and gives real-life examples of misunderstandings due to such differences. Expect to take away practical tools to understand your own cultural biases and in-class practice mindful communication with your colleagues from other cultures as well as your own. You will also learn about frameworks for understanding other cultures based on work by Geert Hofstede, Fons Trompenaars, and others as well as on the presenter's own experiences.
What did you say? mindful interculture communication [201608 icgse]Frederick Zarndt
The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion it has taken place. George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright, co-founder of London School of Economics, and Nobel Prize in Literature (1925).
Projects are about communication, communication, and communication. B. Elenbass in "Staging a project: Are you setting your project up for success?"
What one says to compatriots in face-to-face conversation is often misunderstood; imagine the possibilities for misunderstandings with someone from halfway around the world, natively speaking another language, and living in a different culture! In such circumstances how can you be sure that your collocutor has understood you in face-to-face (hard), telephone (harder), and email (hardest) conversations? Without being fully present in the conversation -- mindfully aware -- whether it's face-to-face, by Skype or phone, or through email, successful communication is difficult, even more so for intercultural communication.
The ubiquity of English facilitates basic communication, but its use as a common language frequently disguises cultural differences. Furthermore, to say that English (or any other language) can be ambiguous, is an understatement. But regardless of language, clear communication is essential for success in any collaborative undertaking whether done by a small co-located group or by a globally dispersed team.
This tutorial teaches mindful communication and describes frameworks useful in understanding cultural differences and gives real-life examples of misunderstandings due to such differences. Expect to take away practical tools to understand your own cultural biases and in-class practice mindful communication with your colleagues from other cultures as well as your own. You will also learn about frameworks for understanding other cultures based on work by Geert Hofstede, Fons Trompenaars, and others as well as on the presenter's own experiences.
Emotions can be both boon or bane. One of the psychotherapies that uses emotions as the basis to manage patients having difficulty in controlling or adapting emotions is EFT (emotion-focused therapy). It is beneficial in improving one's own self and interpersonal relationships by following and guiding their emotional experiences and thus, bringing positive emotional changes and ultimately, a better change in life. The two major conditions where it is employed more commonly are depression and emotional trauma and have been clinically proven to be successful
Read More information about Emotion Focused Therapy: https://www.icliniq.com/articles/emotional-and-mental-health/emotion-focused-therapy
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING: unit IV:communication and nurse patient relationship.
Part 1 includes: Communication levels, elements, process, factors influencing communication, methods of effective communication, rapport buliding, attending skills, empathy and barriers to nursing communication.
hour distributed: 4 hours
Empathy Circles are a hands on empathy practice. The circles are based in science from many different disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, biology, philosophy and arts (i.e. dance and literature). When developing the empathy circles, we did not want to get fussy over the term while getting distracted from the real important outcomes of the volumes of books, scientific studies and practices developed. We therefore decided to take a blended approach to empathy and started to actually practice in the empathy circles what all these different disciplines had to say about it. We blended science and practice to both decipher what empathy looks and feels like as well as figure out what works and what does not work in practice. Combining the different disciplines lead us to propose five phases of empathy: Self-empathy, mirrored empathy, reflective empathy, imaginative empathy and empathic creativity or -action. At the core of these five phases of empathy are different levels of synchronicity between two or more people.
Empathy Circles are meant to be a hands-on method in supporting your practice.
Preventing Compassion Fatigue and Promoting Compassion Satisfaction- Presentation at the American Psychological Association, 2011 ; A skill building workshop facilitated with Dr Ilene Serlin
Conversational Skills; Mastering The Art of Small TalkEdward Ating
Making conversation at the office can be awkward. Stay all business and you risk coming across as a buttoned-up, stuffy person who doesn’t know how to cut loose. Too nice? You might find yourself taken for granted or even passed over for promotions. And if your conversations are too casual, you may find that you’re not taken seriously. How do you strike the perfect balance when making workday chat? The techniques in this slide will help you improve your conversational skills in no time.
Introduction to the Compassionate Systems Framework in SchoolsGlenn Klith Andersen
In education, where interest in social and emotional learning (SEL), mindfulness, and systems thinking is growing, we find both an opportunity and a need to develop models of thinking and teaching that prepare students to better understand and respond to the systems to which these issues belong. We draw from established SEL models, together with developments in the emerging field of complexity science and the study of systems, to establish a framework—what we call a “compassionate systems” framework—for building a cognitive and affective foundation for global citizenship. This framework conceptualizes compassion as an essentially systemic property of mind: to cultivate compassion is to be able to appreciate the systemic forces that influence people’s feelings, thoughts and actions.
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Essay about Interpersonal Communication
Observation Of Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Essays
Interpersonal Communication Course Reflection
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Paper Examples
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Emotions can be both boon or bane. One of the psychotherapies that uses emotions as the basis to manage patients having difficulty in controlling or adapting emotions is EFT (emotion-focused therapy). It is beneficial in improving one's own self and interpersonal relationships by following and guiding their emotional experiences and thus, bringing positive emotional changes and ultimately, a better change in life. The two major conditions where it is employed more commonly are depression and emotional trauma and have been clinically proven to be successful
Read More information about Emotion Focused Therapy: https://www.icliniq.com/articles/emotional-and-mental-health/emotion-focused-therapy
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING: unit IV:communication and nurse patient relationship.
Part 1 includes: Communication levels, elements, process, factors influencing communication, methods of effective communication, rapport buliding, attending skills, empathy and barriers to nursing communication.
hour distributed: 4 hours
Empathy Circles are a hands on empathy practice. The circles are based in science from many different disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, biology, philosophy and arts (i.e. dance and literature). When developing the empathy circles, we did not want to get fussy over the term while getting distracted from the real important outcomes of the volumes of books, scientific studies and practices developed. We therefore decided to take a blended approach to empathy and started to actually practice in the empathy circles what all these different disciplines had to say about it. We blended science and practice to both decipher what empathy looks and feels like as well as figure out what works and what does not work in practice. Combining the different disciplines lead us to propose five phases of empathy: Self-empathy, mirrored empathy, reflective empathy, imaginative empathy and empathic creativity or -action. At the core of these five phases of empathy are different levels of synchronicity between two or more people.
Empathy Circles are meant to be a hands-on method in supporting your practice.
Preventing Compassion Fatigue and Promoting Compassion Satisfaction- Presentation at the American Psychological Association, 2011 ; A skill building workshop facilitated with Dr Ilene Serlin
Conversational Skills; Mastering The Art of Small TalkEdward Ating
Making conversation at the office can be awkward. Stay all business and you risk coming across as a buttoned-up, stuffy person who doesn’t know how to cut loose. Too nice? You might find yourself taken for granted or even passed over for promotions. And if your conversations are too casual, you may find that you’re not taken seriously. How do you strike the perfect balance when making workday chat? The techniques in this slide will help you improve your conversational skills in no time.
Introduction to the Compassionate Systems Framework in SchoolsGlenn Klith Andersen
In education, where interest in social and emotional learning (SEL), mindfulness, and systems thinking is growing, we find both an opportunity and a need to develop models of thinking and teaching that prepare students to better understand and respond to the systems to which these issues belong. We draw from established SEL models, together with developments in the emerging field of complexity science and the study of systems, to establish a framework—what we call a “compassionate systems” framework—for building a cognitive and affective foundation for global citizenship. This framework conceptualizes compassion as an essentially systemic property of mind: to cultivate compassion is to be able to appreciate the systemic forces that influence people’s feelings, thoughts and actions.
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Essay about Interpersonal Communication
Observation Of Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Essays
Interpersonal Communication Course Reflection
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Paper Examples
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Interpersonal Communication Essay
Strategic Note-taking for Social Sciences Research QRSTUV.docxrjoseph5
Strategic Note-taking for Social Sciences Research: QRSTUV
Title and
Author
Question Research
Methods
Summary of Findings Takeaway
Message
Unfamiliar
Vocabulary
Kenneth Gergen,
“Together We
Construct Our
Worlds”
P5-12
Since what we
consider real is
socially
constructed,
what makes
people agree it
is real.
For example:
Before we
know tree is
tree. What
makes people
believe it is
tree?
Observation Gergen argues the most important means
of reality maintenance is conversation. It
is through conversation that we create
social common sense, which is also what
makes our world today. For example, if we
do not agree on trees as trees, then, there
will be no trees.
Social Origins of Good and Real:
• The ways in which we understand the
world is not required by “what there is.”
• The ways in which we describe and
explain the world are the outcomes of
relationship.
• Constructions gain their significance
from social utility.
• Values are created and sustained within
forms of life (including science).
If everything we
consider real is
socially
constructed, then
nothing is real
unless people
agree that it is.
Social
Convention : are
those arbitrary rules
and norms
governing the
countless behaviors
all of us engage in
every day without
necessarily thinking
about them, from
shaking hands when
greeting someone to
driving on the right
side of the road.
Social Utility :
is a service, or
characteristic, that
benefits the
majority of
population of any
given society.
Gerld Handel,
Spencer Cahill,
Frederick Elkin,
“Human Neural
Plasticity and
Socialization”
P13-19
Is it possible to
have a child
who were
born with
disability to
succeed as a
normal child?
Observation,
Content Analysis
• This article introduce the debate of
nature versus nurture focusing on human
development and individuals’
consequent abilities and characteristics.
• The author of shows a couple studies
that is limited to the importance of
neural plasticity during primary or
children socialization.
• The author is proven that neural
plasticity of human brain are the
foundation of child development. It is
what shapes the child’s personality and
abilities.
• However, socialization/experience
shapes biological functioning. In another
word, experience is what shapes the
neural circuitry of the human brain and
sustain it.
Humans have
not a single but
dual nature.
Human Neural
Plasticity : The
brain's ability to
reorganize itself by
forming new neural
connections
throughout life.
Synapse : a junction
between two nerve
cells, consisting of a
minute gap across
which impulses pass
by diffusion of a
neurotransmitter.
Infantile Autistic:
characterized by lack
of interest in others,
impaired
communication skills,
and bizarre behavior,
as ritualistic acts and
excessive attachment
to objects.
Kent Sandstorm,
“Symbols and the
Creation of
Reality”
P20-27
What is some
downside when.
A large no of people volunteer their time to help other people each year as seen in Ram Krishna Mission.
What is it that moves a person to give up their time, money, and even safety to relieve another person's suffering?
Compassion is the key.
Human suffering is inevitable, but our ability to understand and sympathize with the plight and circumstances of other people can play a major role in whether we take action to relieve this suffering.
Compassion is also a highly valued quality.
Religions stress the importance of compassion, while people often list characteristics such as "kind" and "compassionate" as what they look for in a potential partner.
6 responses neededeach set of 2 has its own set of instructions.docxpriestmanmable
6 responses needed
each set of 2 has its own set of instructions
Guided Response:
Consider ways in which you might like to interact with your peers. For example, what similarities or differences do you observe regarding how your peers perceive culture? Can you elaborate on the examples shared by your peers with your own examples or insight? Please be courteous and adhere to the rules of respectful engagement throughout your replies.
MONICA’S POST:
I used to think that culture was the values and beliefs of a group of people. But our text helps to understand what culture is. According to our text “culture is defined as the relatively specialized lifestyle of a group of people that is passed on from one generation to the next through communication not through genes” (Devito, J.A., 2016, Sec. 2.1). In order to understand culture we can look at values, beliefs, language, and their way of communicating. We must look at the differences from culture to culture such as is it individualistic or collectivist orientation, the power structure, masculinity and femininity, their tolerance for ambiguity, orientation and indulgence and restraint. (Devito, J.A., 2016). All of these factors influence communication. “One reason why culture is so important is that interpersonal competence is culture specific, what proves effective in one culture may prove ineffective in another” (Devito, J.A., 2016, Sec. 2.1). We may have certain attitudes about things based on the culture we were raised in. In order to communicate effectively these attitudes and beliefs must be set aside. We have to have an open mind and see things from others perspectives. I was raised in a family that instilled good morals and values in me, I am a spiritual person not a religious one and I find all religions have one thing in common putting others needs before our own. I see everyone as my equal and have a positive outlook on life. I am mindful and considerate of others perspectives.
Cultural orientation is important for interpersonal communication when working as a human service professional for many reasons. First what is effective in one culture may be ineffective in another. Understanding the values that other cultures hold helps to promote effective communication. Understanding the religious beliefs of others is beneficial as well. For example if I was working with a client with SUD who was an Atheist and told them to look into spirituality or religion to help them find sobriety this might be offensive to them. So knowing their religious beliefs would be helpful in communicating with this client. The more we understand other cultures the better we will be at interpersonal communication with those individuals.
References
Devito, J.A. (2016).
The interpersonal communication book
(14th ed) Retreived from https://content.ashford.edu
TAMEKA’S POST:
Culture is a set of values, beliefs, and attitudes (DeVito, 2019). It is passed down from one generation to the next and teaches ho.
Communication can broadly be defined as exchange of ideas, messages and information between two or more persons, through a medium, in a manner that the sender and the receiver understand the message in the common sense, that is, they develop common understanding of the message
What is it that moves a person to give up their time, money, and even safety to relieve another person's suffering? Compassion is the key. Human suffering is inevitable, but our ability to understand and sympathize with the plight and circumstances of other people can play a major role in whether we take action to relieve this suffering. Compassion is also a highly valued quality. Religions stress the importance of compassion, while people often list characteristics such as "kind" and "compassionate" as what they look for in a potential partner.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Body language
1. The power of touch:
Touch politics
Submitted to:
Prof. Anirudra Thapa
School of Management
Tribhuvan University
Submitted by:
Diksha Sigdel
Sarita Kumari Sah
MBA 11th Batch
In the partial fulfillment of the course
Business communication
Kirtipur, Lalitpur, Nepal
July, 2017
2. Power of touch
1
Acknowledgement
We are very thankful to our professor, Mr. Anirudra Thapa for his guidance, inspiration and
support for this thesis.
Our heartfelt gratitude goes to our family, friends for their encouragement and moral support
during these periods of research.
Last but not the least we would also like to thank School of Management of Tribhuvan University
for encouraging and providing valuable opportunities and a platform for conducting this research
that will be very helpful and beneficial in the near future. We are only responsible for any errors
and deficiencies that may have remained in the research.
Diksha Sigdel
Sarita Kumari Sah
July 2017
3. Power of touch
2
Contents
Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................... 1
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 1:Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 BACKGROUND...........................................................................................................................3
1.2 OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................5
1.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................5
1.4 Limitations of the Study.............................................................................................................5
1.5Discussion......................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Literature review............................................................................................................................. 6
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Reference ...................................................................................................................................... 11
4. Power of touch
3
Abstract
This study talks about the positive and negative effect touch have in human being. there are plenty
of good reasons why people are inclined to keep their hands to themselves, especially in a society
as litigious as ours. But other research has revealed what we lose when we hold back too much
The benefits start from the moment we’re born. We also know that touch buildup corporative
relationship. In a competitive situation touch negatively affects corporative interaction between
the persons involved. The science of touch convincingly suggests that we’re wired to—we need
to—connect with other people on a basic physical level. To deny that is to deprive ourselves of
some of life’s greatest joys and deepest comforts. The entire experience of touch is affected by our
social evaluation of the person touching us.
CHAPTER 1:Introduction
1.1 BACKGROUND
We rarely experience moment of complete silence as we live in the world where silence is despise
by mankind and where the world is polluted by sounds and noises of all kind. We think silence is
the boundary as we are not saying anything and I am afraid it’s a yes. Silence is a boundary and
people think there is no way to break them but there is a way to break it. We can use nonverbal
communication to cross that boundary. This is the time when touch comes into the picture.
5. Power of touch
4
Touch is a one of the nonverbal communication cue. Communication through use of touch is called
haptic communication. Haptic communication is the way in which people and other animal
communicate and interact via the sense of touch. As well as providing information about surfaces
and textures, touch, or the haptic sense, is a component of communication in interpersonal
relationships that is nonverbal and non-visual.
Touch can be categorized in terms of meanings as positive, playful, control, ritualistic, task related
or unintentional. It can be both sexual and platonic (such as hugging or tickling). Touch is first
thing sensory wise, non-verbal wise that we ever experience in our life. Touch is earliest sense to
develop in the fetus. As newborns they see and hear poorly but cling strongly to their mothers. It’s
because the sense of touch is highly developed in newborns. We began receving tactile signals
even before birth as the vibraton of our mothers heartbeat is amplified by amniotic fluid. No
wonder then that touch plays a critical role in parent child relationship from the start.
We are never touched as much as when we are children which is why our comfort level with
physical contact, and with physical closeness in general develops. As we grow up we become more
and more conscious about the different types of touch and interpret each one of them. “ this is a
touch phobic society. We are not used to touching strangers or even our friends, necessarily”
DePauw University psychologist Matthew Hertenstein. When we are being touched by another
person, our brain is not set up to give us the objective qualities of that touch. The entire experience
is affected by our social evaluation of the person touching us.if touch is a language it seems we
instinctively know how to use it but apparently it is a skill we take for granted and this is the reason
why we misinterpret touch. There are different kind of touch, a pat on the back is a way of showing
sympathy, or a act of comfort. A hug shows greeting, a request for intimacy, or a gesture that
denotes comfort. In a cross sex relationship in workplace face touch is taken to be inappropriate
and sexual harassing. Arm around the waist is also rated as showing relatively high level of
attraction and flirtation as well aws inappropriateness and harassment. No touch and hand shake
conveys most formality.
This study help us learn the language of touch. How people use touch to express their positive and
negative emotion. And how touch is affecting the interpersonal communication.
6. Power of touch
5
1.2 OBJECTIVE
To know the extent and effect of touch through secondary research
To understand how different groups of people in different places perceive touch, how they
deal with it
To understand the value of touch and importance of it in our life.
To understand the perception of touch that people have.
To know the consequences when we become touch conscious.
1.3 Methodology
We took secondary data from various sources for preparing this report.Secondary data on which
the study is based includes:
• Review of websites, search engines and web directories
• Review of different books, article and journals
1.4 Limitations of the Study
It has some limitations.
Out of the large number of sources from which data could have been collected, our
research was based on articles and journals available in secondary sources
Our knowledge was based on the limited area.
There can be judgmental biases while analyzing and interpreting the data.
7. Power of touch
6
Literature review
Human are social animal we try desperately to communicate with each other effectively. One of
the most underrated tools in our talking toolkit is a nonverbal communication peculiar touching.
Some of the psychological research shows that even a fleeting forms of touch may have a powerful
impact on our emotional and social functioning. Given its significant beneficial effect, touch can
be valued as a therapeutic or health promoting tool.
Over the centuries, various form of interpersonal language has become less and less common,
squelched under an onslaught of changing cultural values that we have and new technology. We
increasingly view touch as unhygienic and even invasive, as in the case of sexual harassment,for
example. (Mandy & Sander, 2013).
Given that interpersonal touch is increasingly becoming a scarce commodity,it is important to ask
how touch influence our lives. Why is touching and being touched by other so important to us?
New research suggests that even fleeting forms of touch may have a powerful impact on our
emotional and social functioning.
For instance, people can communicate distinct emotions such as anger or sadness through touch.
Moreover, people who are touched briefly on the arm or shoulder are more likely to comply with
requests such as volunteering for charity activities. These findings could have far-ranging
implications for the role of touch in everyday life and point to important applications in therapy
and virtual communication.
Whether we get a friendly slap on the back, a sensual caress, or a loving kiss --interpersonal touch
has a powerful impact on our emotions. In fact, our skin contains receptors that directly elicit
emotional responses, through stimulation of erogenous zones or nerve endings that respond to pain
(Auvraj, Myin, & spence, february 2010)and (Hertenstein & Campos, 2001) Furthermore, research
by Matthew Hertenstein, director of the Touch and Emotion Lab at DePauw University, has shown
that touch may communicate distinct emotions (Hertenstein, Keltner, Betsy, Bulleit, & Joskolka,
2006).Hertenstein and his associates asked pairs of participants to sit at a table with a curtain
between them, so that they were unable to see one another. One of the participants, the encoder,
8. Power of touch
7
was asked to communicate distinct emotions (e.g. anger, disgust, fear, sympathy) by touching the
other person’s arm. The person being touched, the decoder, was asked to identify the
communicated emotion from a number of response options. Although they could neither see nor
talk to each other, the participants were able to encode and decode distinct emotions such as anger,
fear and disgust at above-chance levels.
Beyond regulating our emotions, interpersonal touch may also regulate our social relationships.
April Crusco of the University of Mississippi and Christopher Wetzel of Rhodes College (1984)
conducted a famous test of this idea, in which they examined the effects of touch on tipping
behavior. They conducted the research among diners of two restaurants in a small college town in
the American south, where one of three waitresses served the diners. After a waitress collected a
diner's money, she went to get change (in the early 1980s, most people presumably paid in cash).
At this point, the researchers instructed the waitresses to touch the diners briefly on the shoulder
or the palm of the hand, or to not touch the diners at all. The results showed that diners who were
touched by the waitress left between 18% and 36% more tips than diners who were not touched, a
pronounced difference that was statistically reliable. (Mandy & Sander, 2013)
Still, outside of close relationships, the consequences of sending the wrong message also increase.
"Touchy people are taking some risk that they might be perceived as being over-the-top or
harassing," says Andersen. "Physical contact can be creepy; it can be threatening." Context
matters, which is why we have rules about whom we can touch, where, and when. "Generally,
from the shoulder down to the hand are the only acceptable areas for touch," at least between casual
acquaintances, according to Andersen. "The back is very low in nerve endings, so that's OK too."
says San Diego State University School of Communication emeritus professor Peter Andersen,
author of Nonverbal Communication: Forms and Functions. Of course, there are other contextual
considerations as well. Different cultures and individuals have different tolerance levels for touch.
Same-sex and opposite-sex touches have different implications. Then there's the quality of the
touch, the duration, the intensity, the circumstances. "It's a complex matrix," Andersen says. A
quick touch and release—like a tap on a cubicle mate's shoulder to get her attention—no problem.
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But a stroke on the shoulder could be easily misinterpreted. ("Most cases of sexual harassment
involve stroking touches," notes Andersen.)
A touch will naturally seem more intimate if it is accompanied by other signals, such as a prolonged
gaze, or if it is held an instant too long. Meanwhile, a squeeze on the arm could be a sign of
sympathy or support, but if it doesn't end quickly and is accompanied by intense eye contact, it
can come across as a squeeze of aggression. Environment changes things too: On the playing field,
a man might feel comfortable giving his teammate a pat on the butt for a job well done, but that
congratulatory gesture wouldn't do too well in the office. (Chillot, march 11,2013)
In 2008, the Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE) conducted a survey to
address this issue. 54% (272) had experienced some form of workplace sexual harassment. Many
cases has been register, some which are actually true and some based on mere misunderstanding.
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Discussion
Everyone possesses a wealth of knowledge, belief and experience regarding non-verbal
communication. There are three aspects of nonverbal communication:
Sending of nonverbal message
Receiving of nonverbal message
Complex interplay between the first two
Sender send message with a goal that other person understand a particular message. Sometimes
we succeed and sometimes we don’t. This is because the message is unclear, contradictory and
ambiguous. A person should have a proper communication skill because many a time the transfer
message can be negatively perceived. When a person use touch in communication, it has both
positive and negative effect. Touch is regarded as therapeutic or health promoting tool which
provide comforting effect to human. Soft touch does not always have a comforting effect, the cases
of sexual harassment through touch mainly occur in workplace. Female’s light, comforting pat
on the shoulder increased feelings of security. However, this calming effect did not occur
when individuals were touched by a male and was weaker when the touch consisted of a
handshake. This finding suggests that gentle touch by non-threatening individuals is most
likely to have beneficial effects. (Mandy & Sander, 2013)
In Nepal, There were differences in perception between men and women as most of the men
said that sexual harassment is an issue of power relations. Men appear to take people’s
behavior more sexually than women. People most often find it uncomfortable to discuss a
subject like this. Most of the time, serious offences alone are regarded as sexual harassment,
such as forcing someone to have sexual intercourse or touching the body with sexual
intention. Sexual harassment may start with even a handshake. An absence of sharp
demarcation of behaviors that constitute sexual harassment further creates a state of
confusion. Because of the increasing number of workplace harassment people tend to avoide
touching one another. Touch avoidance was found to be linearly related to the amount of
touch displayed with the low touch avoider touching the most and high touch avoider touching
the least.
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Conclusion
Touch is valued as therapeutic or health promoting tool which help in reducing stress. A soothing
effect of touch from romantic partner has a calming effect. It also has a comforting effect from a
non-romantic partners and even from a pet. It help to know and communicate distant emotion of
person such as anger, sadness, fear etc. . . Touch help regulate our social relationship, it is a key
element of a communal sharing relationship, a relationship that occurs in all cultures between
mothers and their children(mother touch to foster more secure attachment in low birth weight
infant) , and among members of a group with a shared identity. When people engage in communal
sharing, they implicitly assume that their bodies share a common substance, which could be real,
imagined, or implied. Interpersonal touch (but also other activities like joint eating or dancing)
indicates the presence of a communal sharing relationship by referring to the sharing of a common
substance.
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Reference
Auvraj, M., Myin, E., & spence, c. (february 2010). The sensory-discriminative and affective-
motivational aspects of pain. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 214-223.
Chillot, R. (march 11,2013). The Power of Touch. psychology.
Hertenstein, M. J., & Campos, J. J. (2001). Emotion Regulation Via Maternal Touch. infancy.
Hertenstein, M. J., Keltner, D., Betsy, A., Bulleit, B. A., & Joskolka, A. R. (2006). Touch
communicaates distinct emotions,. EMOTION 6,NO 3, 528.
kaufman, D., & Mahoney, J. M. (july 1999). the effect of waitresses touch on alcohol consumption
in dyads. research gate.
Levav, J., & Argo, J. J. (2010). physical contact and financial risk taking. sage journals.
Mandy, T. A., & Sander, k. (2013). That human touch that means so much: Exploring the tactile
dimension of social life. the inquisitive mind.